陕西省兴平市秦岭中学高中英语《状语从句省略》学案.doc

状语从句省略（导学案）i. learning aims: students understand the basic theory about the usage of the elipsis of adverbial clause. students use what they learnt about the elipsis of adverbial clause to do exercises.students get the hang of the way to do exercises about the elipsis of adverbial clause.ii.homework for preview. students read the following grammatical theory by heart and make out the fundamental usage of the elipsis of adverbial clause.students do the following exercises after learning the elipsis of adverbial clause by themselves. practice:(划线部分做什么成分)a:working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. being a league member, he always helps others.he stayed at home, cleaning and washing.playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.he dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.b:praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. seen once more, it can never be forgotten. given more time, ill be able to do it better.told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.having been told that his dream cant become true, he still makes great efforts to chase it.multiple choice:1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.a.to give b.having given c.given d.giving 2._ these pictures,i couldnt help thinking of those days when i was in bejing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,beijing looks more beautiful. a.seeing;seen b.seen;seeing c.seeing;seeing d.seen;seen 3.greatly moved by her words, _ . a.tears came to his eyes b .he could hardly hold back his tears c. tears could hardly be held back d. his eyes were filled with tears. 4.when _ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.a.been asked b.asked c.asking d.to be asked 5.the man kept silent in the room unless _ . a.spoken to b.spoke to c.spoken d.to speak iii.studying and discussing in groups.in this phase, students cooperate with each other to find the way of doing exercises about the elipsis of adverbial clause why to choose a/b/c/d.reading material for the usage of noun clauses.一、状语、状语从句分类和状语从句的引导词1 时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until, not till/until 特殊引导词：once, the minute, the moment, the second, every time, next time, any time, the first time, the last time, the day，the instant, instantly, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when2 地点状语从句常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.4 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case, on condition that5 让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, whether or6 伴随状语 e.g. 1. he came into the classroom, smiling. 2. he came into the classroom, followed by his classmate. 3. he lay in bed, awake.7 结果状语从句常用引导词：so that, such that, 8 目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that9 方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if/though 10 比较状语从句常用引导词：as as/not as(so) as (同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more the more ; a is to b what /as x is to y; no more than二、 状语从句转变为分词短语前提条件：状语从句主语与主句主语一致方法：省去状语从句的主语(连接词可省可不省)，对于谓语的处理分为两种：如果谓语是被动语态，只留下过去分词；如果谓语是主动形式，那么对于它的处理分为四种情况。、谓语为实义动词，将其变为现在分词；、谓语为进行时态，只留下现在分词；、谓语为完成时态（或完成被动时态），将hashavehad变为having，然后再加过去分词；、谓语为系动词amisarewaswere，将它们变为being；、如果状语从句的谓语动作明显发生在主句谓语动作之前，那么将该谓语动词转变为过去分词，同时在其前面加上having，以下为例句：例句1. when the city is watched from the mountain, the city is beautiful.转变为watched from the mountain, the city is beautiful.例句2. when we watch the city from the mountain, we find it beautiful.转变为watching the city from the mountain, we find it beautiful.例句1. while we were waiting for the bus, we met them. 转变为waiting for the bus, we met them.例句2. because he had seen the movie, he didnt go to the cinema with us. 转变为having seen the movie, he didnt go to the cinema with us.例句3. as he was ill, he didnt attend the meeting. 转变为being ill, he didnt attend the meeting.例句1. after he (had)graduated from college, he went to a factory.转变为having graduated from college, he went to a factory.三、 分词短语转变为状语从句方法：首先确定该状语是什么状语，是时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、结果状语、目的状例句语、比较状语、让步状语里面的那一种；一般来说，主要指时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语，然后根据主句的时态来为状语从句确定时态，可以理解为状语从句的逆推。 以下为例句：例句1. hearing the sound, the baby stopped crying. seen from the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 时间状语 转变为when the baby heard the sound, he stopped crying. when the city is seen from the mountain, the city looks beautiful.例句2. being late, he was punished by the teacher. knocked down by a car, he was brought to the hospital.原因状语 转变为because he was late, he was punished by the teacher. because he was knocked down by a car, he was brought to the hospital.例句3. attending the meeting, you will have the opportunity of getting the job. seen from the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 条件状语 转变为if you attend the meeting, you will have the opportunity of getting the job. if the city is seen from the mountain, the city looks beautiful.例句4. being busy, he always tries his best to help me. tired out, he still contiues to do his experiment. 让步状语 转变为though he is busy, he always tries his best to help me. though he is tired out, he still contiues to do his experiment.例句5. he came into the classroom, carrying some books. the teacher came into the classroom , followed by some students. 伴随状语 转变为he came into the classroom and carried some books. the teacher came into the classroom and he was followed by some students.注意：特殊结构 judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。四、状语从句省略的基本形式：（conj）doingwhen you watch the city from the mountain, youll find it beautiful.watching the city from the mountain, youll find it beautiful.having donebecause i have watched the movie, i didnt go with them.having watched the movie, i didnt go with them.being + n.although he is a kid, he knows a lot.being a kid, he knows a lot.being + adj.although he is young, he knows a lot.being young, he knows a lot.being donebecause he was being caught in the lift for a whole day, he was exhausted.being caught in the lift for a whole day, he was exhausted.having been donebecause the book has been sold out, the book is being printed again.having been sold out, the book is being printed again.doneif i am given another chance, i will do it better.given another chance, i will do it better.iv.test in class. (students use what they learnt to do the following nmet exercises and tell his or her reason of choosing a/b/c/d, when doing each exercise. )1.faced with a bill for 10,000, .a.john has taken an extra jobb.the boss has given john an extra jobc.an extra job has been takend.an extra job has been given to john2. that she didnt do a good job, i dont think i am abler than her.a.to have said b.having said c.to say d.saying3. around the water cube, we were then taken to see the birds nest for the 2008 olympic games.a.having shown b.to be shown c.having been shown d.to show4.though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.a. surprise b. was surprised c. surprised d. being surprised5._ from the top of the tower ,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .a.seen b.seeing c.have seen d. to seehomework1. at my classmates faces, i read the same excitement in their eyes.a. looking b. look c. to look d. looked2. the experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our hea