湖南省浏阳市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮选练（7）.doc

湖南省浏阳市2016高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮选练（7）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。its interesting to see how people make use of the time they spend on public transport in indian cities like delhi and mumbai.in crowded buses and trains people manage to take a short nap and some even reach the snoring stage.or they spread out a newspaper over multiple knees and arms to read about the latest sport results or political crisis. then there are the experienced travellers who have been playing cards with the same group over the last decade or so.they even have their specific seats so wellworn that you can make out the shape of their backsides.there is no doubt about it.travelling by public transport is being in the thick of the seasons of lifea sweaty life in summer where people，blissfully unaware of the rivers of sweat running down their brows and inside their clothes.at the first smell of a perfumed man or woman boarding the stuffy bus or train，most people feel they are reborn.during the rains you cant avoid getting wet or muddied.the windows，almost always，are not a perfect fit and if youre not drenched by a sudden，heavy rain shower then you are bound to catch a jet spray of muddy water caused by a fellow motorist driving fast through a puddle.the rains are a perfect time for people to switch their old umbrellas for new ones.since there are so many that look alike，its impossible to tell whose is whose.winter is the time when it feels goodor at least warmto be part of a crowd.it is amazing how much the collective breaths of a hundred or so people can raise the freezing temperature inside.looking at the masses dressed in their bright red pullovers or green coats，its fun to imagine what faces lie beneath their dark woolen hats.the cold winter passes，making way for spring.it is impossible not to see every little flower by the wayside blooming proudly.and the warm sun manages to transmit some of their pleasantness to the inside of a bus or train.now，wouldnt it be perfect if we had public transport worth the name in all our cities? 【语篇解读】 普通的画面，平常的生活，变化的季节，永恒的旋律，印度的公共交通工具上每天都演绎着平凡人平淡的故事。1on indian public transport，you can always expect to see people _.asleeping and reading newspapers barguing and playing gamescenjoying the view and playing cards dcarrying umbrellas and whispering politely解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知在印度的公共交通工具上，可以看到人们在睡觉或者在看报纸。答案a。2according to the author what will make passengers feel refreshed when travelling in summer?athe cool evening breeze.bthe rain pouring over their clothes.cthe joy of a game of cards.dthe sweet fragrance of a new passenger.解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句的内容可知，一位新乘客散发出的香味能让车上的乘客神清气爽，犹如重生。答案d。3if you see people in colourful clothing and breathing heavily，you are probably travelling during the _.asummer brainy seasonscwinter dspring解析推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的内容可推知，当人们穿着各色衣服并且大口呼吸的时候，这里是”冬季”。答案c。4we can infer from the passage that _.aindian people dont mind switching umbrellas with othersbalmost everyone in india wears perfume when they go outcthe buses and trains are old and in poor conditionsdindian transport is the most crowded in the world解析推理判断题。结合第三段以及第五段中的内容可推知，公共汽车和火车都很破旧。答案c。5what is the tune of language used in this passage?ahumourous. bcritical.cfrightening. dconcerned.解析推理判断题。文章生动形象地刻画了印度公共交通工具上的众生相，根据文章中的多处细节描写可知作者笔调“幽默”。后三项分别表示“批判的”“令人恐惧的”“担心的”，都不是本文的写作风格。答案a.阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。scs global services （scs） has evaluated a new methodology for measuring the carbon sequestration（封存） ability of soil under the verified（验证） carbon standard （vcs）, a leading greenhouse gas （ghg） accounting system. the methodology, developed by the earth partners, will allow land managers who sequester ghgs in grasslands and farmlands to produce carbon credits for sale in the voluntary market.managers of grasslands and farmlands can increase carbon sequestration in soil by practices such as changing grazing（放牧） practices and operating treatments designed to improve the variety and productivity of plant groups. the earth partners is presently piloting this methodology with farmers across seven million acres of the palouse river and columbia plateau regions in the pacific northwest.“the vcs program has achieved an important milestone in now combining grassland and rangeland carbon offset（抵消，补偿） projects, said dr. robert j. hrubes, executive vice president of scs.scs looks forward to approving and verifying agricultural carbon offset projects that use this very powerful new methodology.the vm0021 soil carbon quantification methodology is based on decades of soil carbon research and testing conducted by top soil scientists. the methodology was developed by the earth partners and verified by environmental services, inc. as well as scs global services. it is the first soil carbon methodology to be approved for use under the vcs.this widely tested methodology is the first to specially deal with soils in a market, said steven i. apfelbaum, chairman of applied ecological services, inc. and director of science with the earth partners. according to apfelbaum, soils represent the second largest living sink of carbon on the planet.1. the new methodology is assessed according to.a. the earth partners b. the verified carbon standardc. environmental services, inc. d. applied ecological services, inc.2. carbon sequestration in soil can be strengthened by.a. selling carbon credits in the voluntary marketb. changing grazing practices and operating treatmentsc. reducing the variety and productivity of plant groupsd. decreasing farmlands in the pacific northwest3. which of the following is true according to the passage?a. the vcs program proves to be successful in carbon offset projects.b. many soil carbon methodologies have already been approved for use.c. the new methodology has been tested in many fields including soil.d. soils seem to be the largest living sink of carbon on the planet.4. what is the attitude of scs towards the new methodology?a. opposed.b. cautious.c. doubtful.d. approving.【参考答案】14、bbad 阅读理解。weve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.the morals of the queue，“first come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.they tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.if i put my house up for sale, i have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”this is essential for the morals of the queue.its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.but dont take the recorded message too seriously.today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.you might call this telephonic queue jumping.of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.however，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.it is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.the disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.58according to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “first come，first served”？ataking buses. bbuying houses.cflying with an airline. dvisiting amusement parks.59the example of the recorded message in paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _athe necessity of patience in queuing bthe advantage of modern technologycthe uncertainty of allocation principle dthe fairness of telephonic services60the passage is meant to _ajustify paying for faster services bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingscanalyze the reason for standing in line dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58a推理判断题。根据第二段中的“first come, first served”和第三段“the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选a项。59c细节判断题。根据第四段“sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选c项。60b作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选b项。c72013江西卷 -bwhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. the way to achieve this may not be simple. it is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. the united nations organization(uno) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. here however rises the problem of costs. also tied with this is time. perhaps the uno could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.more than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. a common proverb says, “give_me_a_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_lifetime.” if we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. for example, a country could share its technology with another. this could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. even a small country is able to help less developed nations. sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. it does not cost much to share such simple things. exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. they can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. it will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. however, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61according to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?a. by solving the cost problems.b. by solving the transportation problems.c. by setting up a body of devoted people in every country.d. by relying on the direct distribution of the uno.62what does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? a. providing food is vital. b. learning to fish is helpful.c. teaching skills is essential. d. looking after others is important.63the second paragraph is developed mainly_a. by example b. by process c. by comparison d. by contrast64which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?a. a medical team. b. an exchange program.c. a water plant. d. financial support.65what can we infer about international aid from the passage?a. it is facing difficulties. b. it is unnecessary during normal times.c. it should be given in the form of materials.d. it has gained support from developed countries.【要点综述】 本文主要就给他国提供援助一事，提议“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，建议不如与他国分享知识及技术。61. c考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“perhaps the uno could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者认为联合国可在每个国家设立一个捐助机构。62. c考查推理判断。由画线句后面的内容“if we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. for example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我们要教会欠发达国家的人们照顾他们自己，在画线句子中，作者试图要表达的是教给他们技能是重要的。63. a考查推理判断。由第二段第三句后“for example”后的内容可知，本段通过举例子来说明“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”这一观点。64. d考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run”可知经济的支持是暂时的。65. a考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容“when international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. the way to achieve this may not be simplehere however rises the problem of costs. also tied with this is time.”可推出国际援助要到达受助人手中不容易，涉及开销以及时间等问题，由此可推断国际援助正面临着困难。【2014高考英语广东省梅州市质检试卷】基础写作 (共1小题，满分15分)以下是网上走红的 “低碳哥”的基本情况.时 间: 2011年。人物介绍: “低碳哥”, 用行动宣讲环保概念的年轻人,主张少用能源,减少二氧化碳的排放。主要做法: 1. 捡起废纸,用空白一面写字； 2. 不开灯看电视,还把电视亮度调到最低(minimum)； 3. 上班骑自行车,不开车等。人们的看法: 做秀,不现实。你的看法: 我完全支持他的想法和行为，尽管他的行为未能对全球气候变暖造成很大的影响，但他至少可以享受健康的生活。【写作内容】根据以上“低碳哥”的基本情况写一篇介绍,内容包括:1、 “低碳哥”的简要介绍及走红的时间;2、 他的主要做法及人们的看法3、你的看法【写作要