（江苏专用）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Getting along with others讲义 牛津译林版必修5.doc

unit 1 getting along with others话题词汇1.donation n.捐献2.volunteer n.志愿者3.participate v.参加4.improve v.改善5.launch v.发起6.distribution n.分配；分发7.in need需要8.project hope希望工程9.share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物 10.a contribution towards.对的捐助经典语篇为了迎接六一儿童节的到来，你们学校号召学生为希望工程捐款。请你用英语给校刊写一篇文章，希望同学们能够伸出援助之手，奉献自己的爱心。内容包括：1.介绍目前中国农村儿童的现状。特别是偏远地区的儿童，没有钱读书，很多孩子辍学在家；2.捐助希望工程的意义。注意：1.词数150左右；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。in order to meet the arrival of international childrens day，our school called on the students to make some donations for the project hope. 佳作欣赏in order to meet the arrival of international childrens day，our school called on the students to make some donations for the project hope.project hope is a good way to promote the education in the rural areas，but it is far from being sufficient.by now，only a small portion of the children benefit from it.as is known to all，china has the largest population in the world and most of them live in the countryside.since the economic conditions there are rather poor，many families，especially in the remote areas，cannot afford to send their children to school，and many children have to drop from school.the “project hope” is aimed at solving this problem so that every child of school age can receive regular education.it doesnt matter how much youre going to donate.lets help them.思维发散1.将第句改为it作形式主语的句子it is known to all that china has the largest population in the world and most of them live in the countryside.2.将第句改为含有定语从句的复合句as is known to all，china has the largest population in the world，most of whom live in the countryside.3.将第句改为含有定语从句的复合句many families，especially in the remote areas，cannot afford to send their children to school，many of whom have to drop from school.4.仿照第句用so that.完成句子我通常是赶七点的地铁去上班，这样才能保证有座位坐。as a rule i catch the seven oclock subway to work so that i can be sure of getting a seat.5.仿照第句用it doesnt matter.完成句子只要你努力了，赢不赢没有关系。so long as you try your best，it doesnt matter whether you win or not.重点单词a.写作单词1.mercy (n.)宽恕；仁慈2.attitude (n.)态度，看法3.pace (n.)速度；步伐；节奏4.manner (n.)方式；态度，举止5.quarrel (n.& vi.)争吵，争执 6.gifted (adj.)有天赋的，有天才的 7.pretend (vi.& vt.)假装；装扮，扮作8.overcome (vt.)克服，解决9.forgive (vt.)原谅，宽恕10.sincerely (adv.)真诚地11.apologize (vi.)道歉apology (n.)道歉12.guilty (adj.)内疚的；有罪的guilt (n.)内疚；罪责13.blame (vt.)责备，指责；(n.)(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责14.focus (vi.& vt.)集中注意力于；(使)聚焦；(n.)焦点；重点15.cruel (adj.)伤人的；残酷的，残忍的cruelty (n.)残酷，残忍，残暴16.respond (vi.)做出反应，回应response (n.)响应，反应；回答，答复17.eager (adj.)热切的，急不可待的eagerly (adv.)渴望地，热切地18.hopeless (adj.)没有好转希望的，无望的；糟透的hopeful (adj.)(反义词)有希望的hope (n.)希望19.disagreement (n.)分歧，争论，意见不一agreement (n.)(反义词)同意，一致；协议disagree (vi.)不同意20.cautious (adj.)小心的，谨慎的cautiously (adv.)小心地，谨慎地caution (n.)小心，谨慎；(v.)警告，提醒21.amusement (n.)娱乐，消遣amuse (v.)给提供娱乐amused (adj.)被逗乐的amusing (adj.)有趣的；逗笑的b.阅读单词22.betray (vt.)出卖，背叛23.envy (vt.& n.)羡慕，忌妒 24.remark (n.& vi.)评论，谈论25.superb (adj.)极佳的；卓越的26.absurd (adj.)荒唐的，怪诞的27.regardless (adv.)不顾；不管怎样28.athletic (adj.)擅长运动的；健壮的29.sensitive (adj.)易生气的；敏感的；体贴的30.awkward (adj.)令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的31.horrible (adj.)极坏的，糟糕的；恐怖的，令人震惊的32.swear (swore，sworn) (vt.& vi.)发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话33.identity (n.) 身份identify (vt.)确认；认出；鉴定34.adolescent (adj.)青春期的；(n.)青少年adolescence (n.)青春；青春期35.acquaintance (n.)泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识acquaint (vt.)使熟悉，使了解36.committed (adj.)尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的commit (vt.& vi.)全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证commitment (n.)承诺，保证；投入，奉献；委托；承担义务.重点短语1.spy on暗中监视，窥探 2.keep pace with (与)步调一致，(与)同步3.before long不久，很快 4.get through(用电话)接通5.be based on以为基础，以为根据6. regardless of不管，不顾7.end up最后成为；最终处于8.rely on依靠，依赖9.thanks to幸亏；由于.经典句式1.we have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other.我们从小学起就是好朋友，几乎每天都形影不离。2.i was so upset that i felt like crying.我当时太难过了，甚至都想哭出来了。3.yesterday，i saw him talking to another boy，peter，and i cannot help wondering if he wants peter to be his best friend instead of me.昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。4.if so，the problem lies with you，not her.如果是这样的话，问题在于你而不在于她。5.however，if i had ended our friendship，we would have both learnt nothing.然而，如果我结束了我们的友谊，我们俩就什么也学不到了。1应试指导后跟不定式的各种形式的考查pretend to do/to be doing/to have done sth.假装要/正在/已经做某事pretend to beadj./n.假装(是)pretend that.假装(1)they pretended to be studying when their mother came in.当妈妈进来时，他们假装在学习。(2)he pretended to be friendly to us.他假装对我们友好。(3)i pretend that things are really okay when theyre not.当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空i really dislike my job but i have to pretend to enjoy(enjoy) it.he pretended to have known(know) the answer to the problem already.she opened a book，pretending(pretend) to read，with tears dropping on the open page.(2)将下列复合句改为简单句she pretended that she was reading a book.she pretended to be reading a book.he pretended that he had known the news.he pretended to have known the news.2应试指导(1)后跟非谓语动词的用法(2)写作高频词汇(1)admit (doing) sth.承认(做)某事admitn.to be承认是admit sb./o/to允许某人/物进入be admitted as.作为被接受be admitted to被录取；成为的一员(2)admission n.准许进入；入场券，入场费；承认(1)if youre the person who is in the wrong，just admit it!如果你是犯错方，就承认吧！(2)you must admit the task to be difficult.你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。(3)the latest news shows that her 17yearold daughter was admitted into harvard and yale university.最新消息表明她17岁的女儿已被哈佛大学和耶鲁大学录取。多维训练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空he admitted cheating/having cheated (cheat) in the exam.we all admit him to be(be) foolish.his admission(admit) of guilt surprised everyone.(2)同义句改写he had to admit that he had done wrong.(改为简单句)he had to admit having done wrong.(3)the young man admitted，after several hours questioning， a wallet from the passenger on the bus.a.stealing b.to have stolenc.being stolen d.to steal答案a解析admit doing sth.承认做过某事。所以选择a。3应试指导后接不定式及复合宾语的用法(1)beg for乞求得到；请求得到beg sb.to do.恳求某人做(2)beggar n.乞丐(1)i beg your pardon./beg your pardon./pardon.请再说一遍。/对不起。(2)i was surrounded by people begging for food.我被一群讨饭的围住了。(3)i begged him to come back to england with me.我恳求他和我一起回英格兰。多维训练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)there are thousands like him in los angeles，begging(beg) on the streets and sleeping rough.(2)the child begged not to be left(leave) home when his parents went to shanghai on business.(3)the beggar(beg) was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.4多词一义forgive，excuse，pardonforgive sb.sth.原谅某人某事forgive sb.for doing.原谅某人做了forgive and forget不念旧恶(1)i forgave him his crimes.我宽恕了他的罪行。(2)shed find a way to forgive him for the theft of the money.她会让自己原谅他偷钱的行为的。(3)it is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 不念旧恶也是一种美德，尤其在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会中。多维训练(1)同义句改写forgive my interrupting you.(用forgive sb.for doing.改写)forgive me for interrupting you.(2)翻译句子她会原谅他的任何事。shed forgive him anything.(3)he begged his mother to him for swimming in the river without telling her.a.forget b.forgivec.pretend d.admit答案b解析句意为：他请求他的妈妈原谅他不打招呼就在河里游泳。forgive原谅，宽恕，符合句意，所以选择b。 5多词一义argue o doing.，persuade o doing.，reason o doing.，talk o doing.(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue for/against sth.支持/反对某事argue o/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事(2)argument n.争论；论据beyond argument无需争论(1)the committee is concerned about players behaviour，especially arguing with referees.委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。(2)he argued for a different policy.他主张一种不同的政策。(3)despite the thumbsup given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.尽管有人给这个老太太点赞，有人争辩说应该更多关注我们繁忙的道路交通。(2015江苏)多维训练(1)用适当的介词填空toms home is far from his company.so mary argued tom into buying a new car.it is beyond argument that diaoyu island belongs to china.he was arguing with his brother about/over how they should spend the money.(2)the students about the question whether the senior 3 students should have their pe class or not.a.argued b.foughtc.told d.inspired答案a解析考查动词词义辨析。句意为：学生们就高三是否该上体育课进行了争论。argue争论，由句意知选a。6应试指导作为高级词汇替换be sorry for(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n.道歉make an apology to sb.for.因向某人道歉accept/refuse ones apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe sb.an apology向某人道歉(1)later that morning，dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbour and apologize for their playing.那天上午的晚些时候，dario建议他们给他们的邻居写信来就此事道歉。(2015北京)(2)i must make an apology to him for not going to his party.没有参加他的聚会，我得向他道歉。(3)i owe you an apology for my rudeness.我为我的粗鲁向你道歉。特别提醒apology在现代英语中主要用作可数名词，但有时用复数形式并不表示多次道歉。多维训练(1)同义句改写i apologized to her for stepping on her foot.i made an apology to her for stepping on her foot. (用apology改写)i said sorry to her for stepping on her foot.(用sorry改写)(2)he was required to apologize the people present at the meeting what he had done.a.for；by b.with；aboutc.to；for d.at；with答案c解析apologize to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉，所以选择c。7应试指导介词搭配(1)have a quarrel with sb.about/over sth.因某事和某人争吵(2)quarrel with sb.about/over sth.因某事和某人争吵(1)it could have happened during a quarrel between them over it.这件事可能是在他们为此争吵的过程中发生的。(2)the couple often quarrel with each other over nothing at all.这对夫妇经常无缘无故地争吵。多维训练(1)用适当的介词或所给词的适当形式填空i would rather be laughed at than quarrel(quarrel) with him.they had a quarrel with her parents over/about whether to apologize to her brother.(2)yesterday we had a friendly about the relationship between the two cities.a.quarrel b.discussionc.fight d.argument答案a解析句意为：昨天我们就两个城市之间的关系进行了一场友好的辩论。quarrel争论，辩论，符合句意。8应试指导be to blame主动表被动的用法(1)blame sb.for.因而指责某人；把归咎于某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)(2)accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上(1)you shouldnt blame him for breaking the window.你不应该责备他打破了窗户。(2)everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。(3)ill take the blame for not reminding everyone.我承认没有提醒大家是我的错。 词义辨析blame，accuse，charge(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人，blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。(2)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。(3)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。多维训练(1)用accuse，charge，blame的适当形式填空it is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.she was said to have been charged with drunken driving.i was told that he was accused of murder.(2)一句多译他把考试失败归咎于老师。he blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame.on)he blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame.for)he put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n.)9应试指导作为高级词汇替换careful多词一义be cautious，take care，be careful，look out，watch out(1)be cautious of/about在方面谨慎be cautious to do小心做(2)caution n.& v.小心；谨慎；警告with caution小心地caution sb.to do./against doing.警告某人做/不做caution sb.for/about sth.因某事而劝告某人(1)the students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。(2)we were cautioned against using that bridge.我们被警告不要从那座桥上过。多维训练(1)同义句改写those numbers need to be treated cautiously.those numbers need to be treated with caution.he handles the current work with great care.(用cautious改写)he is cautious about the current work.(2)im very about expressing my opinions in public in case i may make mistakes.a.cautious b.confusedc.delighted d.enthusiastic答案a解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我很注意在公共场所表达自己的想法以防犯错误。be cautious about.对谨慎，所以选择a。10be eager to do.渴望做be eager for.急于得到only too eager to do.过于迫切地想做(1)in your post，you say you can teach english as a reward.it is just what i want.i am eager to improve my english.在你的帖子中，你说作为回报，你可以教英语，这正是我所想要的。我急于提高英语。(2015四川)(2)she is so eager for success.她太渴望成功了。(3)he is only too eager to spend more time with his family.他只是太想多花些时间和家人在一起了。特别提醒(1)表达“急切(盼望)(做)”的短语还有：be anxious for/to do.，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do.，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do.等。(2)too eager to do.急于做某事，而非“太着急而不能做”。词义辨析eager，anxious二者都含有“渴望的，急于”之意。区别在于：(1)eager着重指对成功的期望或对进取的热情。(2)anxious着重指焦急、担心、着急。多维训练(1)用eager，anxious填空he is still absent，so i am quite anxious about his health.i am eager to find a good english teacher for my daughter as i am anxious about her poor english.(2)信不信由你，他/她是站在你那边，并且渴望看到你能做好。believe it or not，he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well.(2015浙江)(3)同义句改写he was eager to see the film so he finished dinner quickly and hurried off.(用形容词短语作状语改写)eager to see the film，he finished dinner quickly and hurried off.11应试指导at the mercy of在作文中的应用show/give mercy to对仁慈have/take mercy on对仁慈at the mercy of任凭摆布without mercy无怜悯之心its a mercy.真是幸运(1)neither side took prisoners or showed any mercy.双方都没有抓俘虏，也没有表现出丝毫的心慈手软。(2)may god have mercy on your soul.愿上帝宽恕你的灵魂。(3)its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。多维训练翻译句子(1)这些人对穷人不怜悯。these persons dont show mercy to the poor.(2)我们受制于天气。we were at the mercy of the weather.(3)他受到无情地对待。he was treated without mercy.12应试指导作为高级词汇代替soon(1)before long(soon或a little later)意为“不久”，常与将来时、过去时连用，在句中作状语，不可以直接加从句。(2)long before(long long ago)意为“很久以前”，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before后面可以接名词、代词或句子。(3)it is/was not long before.不久就(4)it will be long before.要过多久才(5)it wont be long before.过不了多久就(1)i apologized to him and before long，we became good friends.我向他道了歉，不久之后，我们又成了好朋友。(2)the story took place in a small village long before.这个故事发生在很久以前的一个小村庄。(3)it wont be long before i go to the university that i dream.不用多久我就可以上我梦想的大学了。多维训练(1)he had studied a lot of english long before he went to england(在他去英国前).(2)it wasnt long before(不久就) he learned to use the computer.(3)it looks as if it will rain before long(不久).13应试指导through词组辨析go through经历，经受；仔细查看；(法律等)通过；用完；浏览look through浏览；往里面看break through冲破；突破see through看穿；识破pull through康复；渡过难关(1)she was able to get through to me by email.她通过电子邮件能和我联系上。(2)i always start the day by going through my mail.我每天总是先看邮件。(3)its easy for me to see through his trick.我很容易看穿他的鬼把戏。多维训练(1)用through短语的适当形式填空they will never forget the experience they went through last year.everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.we finally broke through the unfriendly atmosphere.(2)ive been trying to phone charles all evening，but there must be something wrong with the network；i cant seem to .a.get through b.get offc.get in d.get along答案a解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一整晚上我都试图给查尔斯打电话，但是网络肯定出了故障，我似乎不能打通电话。get through打通电话，符合句意。get off(从)下来，出发；get in抵达，收获；get along进展，相处。14end up最终处于，(以)告终(in sth.)；最终(成为)(as sth.)；最终(做)(doing)；以结尾(with sth.)多词一义end up with，end up in，finish，accomplish，completebring/put.to an end使终止make ends meet使收支相抵come to an end结束(1)after a luxurious life，he ended up in poverty.他过了一段奢侈的生活后，最终变的穷困潦倒。(2)the restaurants were all full and we ended up eating hamburgers at home.所有餐馆都已客满，我们最终只能在家啃汉堡。(3)with prices rising all the time，he could barely make ends meet.物价一直在涨，他几乎无法使收支平衡。多维训练(1)完成句子we were planning to go out，but ended up watching a football game at home (在家看足球赛).the young couple seemed very happy，but they ended up getting divorced/in divorce (离婚).how time flies！the term has come to an end(结束).(2)smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just sweet dreams.a.keep up with b.put up withc.end up with d.catch up with答案c解析句意为：睡觉前闻一下这些花，你也许最终就会睡好。由句意知选c。15应试指导后接it作形式宾语再接that从句的考查rely on.to do/doing.依赖做rely on sb.for sth.依赖/指望某人某事rely on it that.指望；相信(1)i know i can rely on you to sort it out.我相信你会把它解决好的。(2)they relied heavily on the advice of their professional advisers.他们非常依赖职业咨询师提供的建议。(3)you may rely on it that he will come to your wedding as promised.你可以相信他会按照承诺来参加你的婚礼。多维训练(1)完成句子他是可以依赖的人。he is a man to be relied on.这儿的村民用水全靠井。the villagers here rely on wells for their water.(2)同义句改写you may rely on his coming on time.you may rely on him to come on time.(用不定式改写)you may rely on it that he will come on time.(改为含有it作形式宾语的复合句)(3)whatever he promises，you cant anything.a.rely his doing b.rely on him to doc.depend his doing d.advise him to do答案b解析句意为：无论他承诺什么，你不能依靠他做任何事。rely on sb.doing/to do sth.依赖某人做某事。所以选择b。16多维训练(1)用适当的介、副词填空the key question is in focus，why not reach a decision?dont go too fast or youll get out of focus.bring the subject into focus if you want to have a good picture.(2)一句多译他集中精力学习。he focused his attention on his study. (focus)he fixed his attention on his study. (fix)he was absorbed in his study. (absorb)he applied himself to his study. (apply)he concentrated his attention on his study. (concentrate)(3)he sat there with his attention the wonderful view of the city.a.focusing on b.focusing inc.focused on d.focused in答案c解析考查focus的用法。his attention与focus是被动关系，所以选择c。17多维训练(1)用适当的介词填空its better to walk at a slow pace.to realize china dream，we should keep pace with the times.(2)你定步调，我跟上。you set/make the pace and ill follow you.(3)in a time of social reform，peoples state of mind tends to keep with the rapid changes of society.a.step b.pacec.progress d.touch答案b解析句意为：在社会改革的时代，人们的心态趋于与社会的飞速发展保持一致。keep pace with与同步，符合句意，故选b。 18多维训练(1)完成句