高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题02 冠词（含解析）.doc

专题02 冠词 【高频考点解读】冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般情况下，试题的情景较为曲折，句式以复合句为主。另外，在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括：1考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。3考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。 4考查零冠词的运用。另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。 【热点题型】题型一 不定冠词a，an的用法例1、he missed _ gold in the high jump，but will get _ second chance in the long jump. athe；the b/；a cthe；a da；/ 【易错剖析】考生容易误选a，认为序数词前就要用定冠词the，忘记了表示“再一，又一”时，序数词前要用不定冠词。 【提分秘籍】 1表示“某一个”，相当于some，译为“一个”。 could you tell me the way to the johnsons，please? 请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？ sorry，we dont have a johnson here in the village. 对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。 2amost表示“很”，“非常”。 did you enjoy yourself yesterday? 你昨天玩得开心吗？ yes，as you know，the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere. 是的,正如你所知,晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。 3序数词前一般加定冠词the表示顺序，但序数词前可加不定冠词a(n)，表示“另一个；又一个”。 in order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定学习另一门外语。 4有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等是由其动词转化而来，它们后面加of.时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。 tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in our class. 在我们班中，汤姆收集的书最多。 many people agreed that a knowledge of english is a must in international trade today. 许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易中，英语知识是必备的知识。 【举一反三】 did susan visit you again _ following year? no，it was almost ten years before she came to see me _ second time. athe；a bthe；/ c/；the d/；a 解析：选a。“the following year”为固定搭配,表示“第二年”；“a second time”表示“又一次，再一次”。 题型二 定冠词the的用法 例2、its said john will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 _ year. right，he will also get paid by _ week. athe；the ba；the cthe；a da；a 【解析】选b。句意：“据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60000美元的工作。”“是的，他也将按周获得报酬。”表示“每年”用a year；表示“按周计量”用by the week。 【易错剖析】考生误选d。仅考虑到了week是可数名词单数，这里又不是特指概念，没记住by后加具体单位名词时必须用the这一惯用法。 【提分秘籍】 1用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。 the earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 alexander graham bell invented the telephone in 1876. 1876年亚历山大贝尔发明了电话。 【温馨提示】有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空，nature自然，man人类等。 2用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。 yang liwei is the first man who has been into space in china. 杨利伟是中国登上太空的第一人。 3by表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。 cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 在大城市里，女清洁工一般按小时计算薪水。 4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 it is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修是不罕见的。 5表示两者中“较的”，比较级前应用the。 tom is the younger of the two newcomers.to be honest，i have never seen a cleverer one. 汤姆是这两位新手中较年轻的一个。说实话，我从来没见到比他聪明的人。 【举一反三】 “_ match between these two teams was exciting，”said federer，“and we hope to see _ second.” aa；the bthe；/ cthe；a da；a 题型三 零冠词的用法 例3、sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of george. a/；/ bthe；/ cthe；the d/；the 【解析】选d。本题句意：萨姆已被任命为工程部经理来代替乔治的位置。工程部经理是独一无二的职位，此种情况下manager之前不用冠词；take the place of“代替，取代”，为固定短语。 【易错剖析】考生误选c。考虑到manager后有定语，是特指概念，但忽略了表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。 【提分秘籍】 1复数名词和不可数名词表泛指概念时。 they are teachers.他们是教师。 water is necessary to anyone. 2称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。常用名词有king，president，chairman，monitor，head等。 obama was elected president of the united states. 奥巴马当选为美国总统。 3系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。after graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher)大学毕业后，他成了一名教师。4“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语”意为“虽然/尽管，但是”。尽管他是个小孩，但却懂得很多。5在独立主格结构的某一形式中。the teacher came in，book in hand (with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book (held) in his hand)老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。6.man意为“人类”,word意为“消息”时,其前不用冠词。 air is to man what water is to fish. 人离不开空气就像鱼离不开水。 the driver was at a loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. 当由于超速驾车而被禁驾的消息传来时，那位司机感到不知所措。 7.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。 as is known to us，there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.众所周知，世上没有免费的午餐。 【举一反三】 the only solution to _ global warming is to carry out _ lowcarbon economy. athe；/ b/；the c/；a dthe；the 解析：选c。句意：解决全球变暖的唯一方法是实施低碳经济。global warming是抽象名词,前面不用冠词；a lowcarbon economy中的不定冠词表示“一种”。 【高考风向标】【2015四川】5.brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be beethoven.a. a b. an c. the d.不填【答案】a【解析】本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像那样的人。故选择a，句意为：brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。【2015浙江】2. janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.a. a;不填b. the;the c. 不填;the d. a;the【答案】d（2014江西卷）22. they chose tom to be _captain of the team because they knew he was _smart leader.a. a; the b. the; the c. the; a d. a; a 【答案】c【解析】本题第一空后面的名词captain队长后面有介词短语of the team修饰，表示特指，所以使用定冠词the表示特指。第二空后的可数名词leader前面有形容词smart修饰，用a修饰表示泛指。句义：他们选择tom作为队长，因为他是一个聪明的领袖。故c正确。 （2014天津卷）8. life the like _ ocean; only _strong-willed can reach the other shore.a. an; the b. the; a c. the ;/ d. / ; a【答案】a【解析】本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰ocean泛指一个海洋。第二空后的strong-will是一个形容词，在形容词前面加上定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。the strong-willed指意志坚定的人。句义：生活就像是一个海洋，只有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。故a正确。（2014浙江卷 ）2. the paper is due next month, and i am working seven days _ week, often long into_night. a. a; the b. the; 不填 c. a; a d. 不填；the【答案】a【解析】本句第一空中的a相当于per；per week每一个星期。第二空使用定冠词the，表示特指long into the night直到深夜。句意：这份论文应该下个月上交，我一个星期要工作七天，而且总是要熬到深夜。故a正确。（2013新课标i卷）31. india attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle. a. 不填; a b. the; a c. an; 不填 d. an; the 【答案】a 【解析】此处independence是不可数名词，而不可和不定冠词an连用。gain independence（获得独立）或declare independence(宣布独立)是固定短语，不和冠词连用，故第一个空不填任何冠词。第二空a long struggle意为：一场长期的斗争。故a正确。句意：印度在经过长时期的斗争之后，在1947年获得独立。（2013新课标卷)13. four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.a.a;a b. the; the c.不填；the d.a;不填【答案】a【解析】four and a half hours四个半小时，是固定短语；排除b、c；take sb sth带给某人某物，take后加双宾语，break休息，是可数的，故用a break。故选a。（2013新课标卷)9. it may not be a great suggestion. but before _ is put forward, well make do with it.a. a good one b. a better one c. the best one d. a best one【答案】b（2013浙江）15.people develop_ preference for a particular style of learning at_ early age and these preferences affect learning. a.a; an b. a;不填 c.不填;the d. the ;an 【答案】a【解析】句意：人们在很小的时候就培养出对某种特殊的学习方式的偏好，而这样的偏好有影响了学习。第一个空选用不定冠词，a preference for sth，抽象名词具体化；第二空，固定搭配，at an early age 在很小的时候。抽象名词具体化的情况还有：a healthy life；a good rest；a sound sleep等等，都要用不定冠词。（2013大纲卷）33.four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.a.a;a b. the; the c.不填；the d.a;不填【答案】a【解析】four and a half hours四个半小时，是固定短语；排除b、c；take sb sth带给某人某物，take后加双宾语，break休息，是可数的，故用a break。故选a。（2013大纲卷）28. the watch was very good, and he 20 percent down for it.a. a good one b. a better one c. the best one d. a best one【答案】b【解析】考查比较级的用法。不定冠词+比较级，表示泛指，意为“一个更（好）.的.”。故选b。（2013福建卷)21.the chinese dream is _ dream to improve peoples well-being and _ dream of harmony, peace and development.a. the; ab. a; ac. a; thed. the; the 【答案】b（2013江西卷)32.animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.a. a ; / b. the ; thec. a ; thed. / ; /【答案】a 【解析】句意为：显然，动物是一种比人类稍低的生命形式。form (形式)，本来说抽象名词。题干中form前出现形容词修饰，因此具体化为可数名词，且表达“一种”,所以要用不定冠词。man ,专指人类，其前不用冠词。（2013山东卷)22. it was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky. a. 不填；a b. a; the c. the; a d. the; 不填【答案】b【解析】第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。故答案为b。（2013重庆卷)32. the parents were shocked by_news that their son needed_operation on his knee.a. a; /b. the; /c. the; and. a; an【答案】b。 【解析】此句中的news是特指后面同位语从句中提到的内容，故应该用定冠词the；儿子需要在膝盖上做一个手术，非特指，用不定冠词a。【高考押题】1lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _ while.a. the; the b. the; ac. a; the d. a; a答案：b。考查冠词用法。此题两个空都考查了固定表达。句意：让我们去看电影吧，这样就可以让你暂时不考虑这个问题。go to the cinema“去看电影”；for a while“暂时”。故b项正确。2some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. a. /; the b. the; /c. an; the d. the; a 3. finally the climbers got to_ place which had never been visited by _ men.a.a; 不填 ba; thec不填； the d.the; the答案：a。第一空place是可数名词单数，此空表泛指，选不定冠词；第二空men是复数，此空也是表泛指，所以不加冠词。4the person in _ charge of the program was at _ complete loss when the incident happened.a. 不填；不填 bc. the; 不填 d. the; a 答案：b。 in charge of固定短语“负责任”；at a loss 固定短语：“茫然不知所措”。5my summer camp isnt _ good fun, but it is _ real learning experience for me.a. a; / b. the; ac. /; a d. a; the答案：c。句意：我参加的夏令营一点都不好玩，但是对我来说确是一次真正的学习经历。第一空fun是不可数名词，此处表泛指，所以不加冠词；第二空experience在此处是可数名词，意思是“经历”，表泛指，所以用不定冠词。6on april 24th, 2011, hu jintao, _ chairman of the pr.c., and other state leaders attended tsinghua centennial (百年的) celebration at _ great hall of the people in beijing.a./；/ b./；thecthe; the d.the; /答案：b。第一空chairman是表示职务、头衔的名词，在充当句子的主语补足语、宾语补足语或者同位语时，应该不加冠词；第二空是由普通名词构成的专有名词，应该用定冠词。7 she studied _ medicine before she became _ writer.a.the; the bthe; ac不填； a d不填； the答案：c。句意：成为作家前她学的是医学。第一空medicine是物质名词，所以不加冠词；第二空writer是可数名词，此处表泛指，所以加不定冠词。8early in _morning word came that mr. black had been elected _president of the company.a. a；不填 b. the；不填 c. a; the d. 不填；the9japan has been trying to bring its nuclear crisis under _ control, but _ spread of radiation has raised concerns about the safety of the nuclear energy.a. a; the b. the; /c. /; the d. a; /答案：c。句意：日本一直尽力把核危机控制住，但是核放射的蔓延已经引起了对于核能安全的关注。第一空under control是固定短语，意为“被控制”；第二空表特指，特指日本核放射的蔓延。10most scientists seem to agree that _ certain limit should be set on_ consumption(消费) of cars to ease air pollution.a.a; the b/; thecthe; / dthe; the答案：a。第一空a certainsome；第二空加定冠词表特指。句意：许多科学家倾向于同意为了减轻空气污染，应该对汽车消费设定一些限制。11how about _ party?cool! it was really _ great fun! pity you werent there.aa; a bthe; acthe; / da; /12opening the door, mrs. summers found _ family of _ cats shut in the bathroom. aa；不填 ba; thecthe; 不填 dthe; the答案：a。句意：一推开浴室的门，summers夫人就发现一群猫被关在里面。a family of“一家子，一群”。cats在这没有定语限制，表泛指。易错选b。误把shut in the bathroom看作定语。13have you got these jeans in _ larger size? this pair is a bit too small around _ waist.aa; the b/; thecthe; / da; a答案：a。句意：这种牛仔裤有没有号码稍大一点的？这一条腰围有点小。第一空in a larger size为表示泛指的习惯搭配；第二空表身体某一部位的名词前用定冠词。故选a。易错选d。没有意识到表示身体的某一部位的名词前需用定冠词而误选。14would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?if you make _ most of the modern equipment, there will be _ rise in production.a不填；不填 bthe; ac不填；a dthe；不填答案：b。考查冠词用法。句意：你介意就怎样改进我们的企业管理发表一下你的看法吗？如果你充分利用现代化设施， 产量将会提高。第一空处考查固定搭配，make the most/best of“充分利用”；第二空处为习惯搭配，rise指 (金额、数量、强度或工资的)增加：a rise in the price of meat/the value of the dollar/the average temperature肉类价格的上涨/美元的升值/平均温度的升高。易错选c。是对“充分利用make full use ofmake the best/most of”这一短语识记错误造成的误选。15who would have expected that a story about an 11yearold boy wizard would turn into _ multibillion dollar business?thats _ magic of the harry potter series.a/; the ba; the ca; / dthe; /16_ 2010 shanghai world expo was _ honor for all of the asians.athe; the b不填； ancthe; an d不填； the答案：