河北省涿州市高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练（5）.doc

涿州市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练（5）及答案 (第 篇)guatemala city(reuters)a fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽) across the americas can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted (适应)to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.the mangrove rivulus, a type of small killifish, lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of belize, the united states and brazil. when their living place dries up, they live on the land in logs (圆木), said scott taylor，a researcher at the brevard endangered lands program in florida.the fish ，whose scientific name is rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. they group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again.the new scientific discovery came after a trip to belize.“we kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out，”taylor told reuters in neighboring guatemala by telephone. he said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an american magazine early next year.in lab tests, taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating.some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time.the walking catfish found in southeast asia can stay on land for hours at a time, while lungfish found in australia, africa and south america can live ont of water，but only in an inactive state. but no other known fish can be out of water as long as the mangrove rivulus and remain active, according to patricia wright, a biologist at canadas university of guelph.further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.“these animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago ，when animals began making the transition (过渡) from water onto land, ”wright said.语篇解读最新发现：有一种鱼，即使离开水也能存活。1the mangrove rivulus is a type of fish that _.a. likes eating nutsb. prefers living in dry placesc. is the longest living fish on earthd. cau stay alive for two months out of water解析事实细节题。依据在第六段，taylor说这种鱼离水后能活66天，也就是两个多月。答案d2who will write up a report on mangrove rivulus?a. patricia wright.b. researchers in guatemala.c. scientists from belize.d. scott taylor.解析推理判断题。第五段最后一句话告诉我们：明年scott taylor将要把对于这种鱼的研究在一份美国杂志上公布于众。答案d3according to the text, lungfish can _.a. breathe through its skinb. move freely on dry landc. remain alive out of waterd. be as active on land as in water解析事实细节题。第七段第二句话告诉我们：lungfish离开水也可以存活。答案c4what can we say about the discovery of mangrove rivulus?a. it was made quite by accident.b. it was based on a lab test of sea life.c. it was supported by an american magazine.d. it was helped by patricia wright.解析推理判断题。第五段taylor的话告诉我们：发现这种鱼是偶然的。答案a*结束（2011广东卷）ain the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. this sometimes happens with humans also. but i have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. i see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my cofffee, or help me to put on my coat. and i have discovered that it makes them happy.from my wheelchair experience, i see the best in people,but sometimes i was sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness i see daily. they dont get to see this soft side of others. often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. but only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.last month, when i was driving home on a busy highway, i began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. people behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning(按喇叭)or even shouting at me. at that moment, i decided to do something i had never done in twenty-four of driving i put on the flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.no more angry shouts and no more horns!when i put on my flashlights, i was saying to the other drivers, “i have a problem here, i am weak and doing the best i can,” and everyone understood. several times, i saw drivers who wanted to pass. they couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. but instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.sometimes weakness call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont that those far between. more often, it would be better if we dont pretend to feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when were scared.26. the author has discovered that people will feel happy when_.a. they offer their helpb. they receive others helpc.they feel others kindnessd. they show their weakness27. the author feels sad sometimes because _. a. he has a soft heart b. he relies much on others c. some people pretend to be kind d. some people fail to see the kindness in others28. what did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?a. they speed up to pass. b. they waited with patience. c. they tried their best to help. d. they put on their flashlights too.29. in this passage, the author advises us to _. a. handle problems by ourselves b. accept help from others c. admit our weakness d. show our bravery30. which of the following is the best title for the passage? a. a wheelchair experience. b. weakness and kindness. c. weakness and strengthd. a driving experience【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。在动物王国弱势会带来被侵略，在人类社会有时也是如此。但作者认为弱势能显现出人们的善良，给人们带来更多的帮助。从而使双方都感到幸福。作者以自己的经历向人们阐述了弱势与善良的关系。26.a考查细节理解。根据i have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.可知我的弱势显现了人们的善良，进而许多人帮助我。又因i have discovered that it makes them happy可知：帮助别人能使他们感到幸福。故选a。27.d考查细节理解。根据sometimes i was sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness i see daily. they dont get to see this soft side of others.可知选d。28.b考查细节理解。根据文中when i put on my flashlights,。but instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.可知选b。29.c考查主旨、要义。根据文章的第一段可知but i have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.是文章的中心句，全文作者以自己的亲身经历向人们阐述了：有时承认自己的弱势给人们带来的好处，承认弱势能改善人们之间的关系，使自己得到更多的帮助，让我们看到人性的善良。30.c考查文章的标题。文章的作者第一段就提出了自己的论点my weakness brings out the kindness in people. 文章通篇以自己的经历向人们阐述弱势与善良的关系。*结束 (2010重庆调研)today is sunday. we had not lessons. after breakfast1._i wanted to do with my homework when li lei rang me.2._he asked me to go to the cinema with he. i agreed, but3._i have to finish my homework first. about an hour later，4._we went out. in the way we saw kate; she was mending5._her bike. she looked very worry.“let us help you.” li lei6._and i all said. “all right.” and we stopped to help her.7._there was nothing much wrong with the bike, so it cost8._us only several minutes time to finish it. kate was very 9._thankful. when we hurried to the cinema, the film had10._been on for ten minutes. but we felt happy.答案与解析：1notno“没有课”应是have no lessons或dont have any lessons。2去掉withdo是及物动词，直接跟名词作宾语。3hehim介词后跟代词时要用宾格。4havehad本文是叙述过去发生的事情。5inon“在途中”是on the way。6worryworried“她看上去很着急”，应该用形容词作表语。7allboth因为只有我和李蕾两人。8costtook“花费时间做什么”要用it takes some time to do something。9去掉time有具体的时间名词minutes，无须再用time。10*结束1. 我们居住的地球的环境特点以及很多自然灾害的现象。2. 由于人类的破坏，地球变化带来的一些事件。3. 一些提倡保护我们居住的环境，提高环保意识的各种环保行为和活动。4. 介绍一些环保的产品，及其带来的好处。5. 保持环境的自然、进行有效再循环的话题。链接高考链接1. （2012山东卷）the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place. now it is an ecological disaster area. naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.for thousands of years, polynesian people lived on the remote island of nauru, far from western civilization, the first european to arrive was john feam in 1798. he was the british captain of the hunter, a whaling ship, he called the island pleasant island.however, because it was very remote, nauru had little communication with europeans at first. then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. these elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. a ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a british mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. in fact, it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for fanning. the company began mining the phosphate.a phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. when a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil then u takes away the material it wants. strip-mining totally destroys die land. gradually, the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon.in 1968, nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphateunfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. in addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. soon people realized dial they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out. ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. by 2000, nauru was almost financially ruined. experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. this will probably never happen.56.what might be the authors purpose in writing the text?a.to seek help for naurus problems.b.to give a warning to other countries.c.to show the importance of money.d.to tell a heartbreaking story of a war.57.what was nauru like before the europeans came?a. rich and powerful.b. modem and open.c. peaceful and attractive.d. greedy and aggressive.58.the ecological disaster in nauru resulted from_.a. soil pollutionb. phosphate overminingc. farming activityd. whale hunting59.which of the following was a cause of naurus financial problem?a.its leaders misused the money.b.it spent too much repairing the island.c.its phosphate mining cost much money.d.it lost millions of dollars in the civil war.60.what can we learn about nauru from the last paragraph?a.the ecological damage is difficult to repair.b.the leaders will take the experts words seriously.c.the island wa