Issue 提纲整理.doc

130“How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learnt how to raise children who can bring about a better society.”1l How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Common senses: Children are the future of one nation. Any society, be it modernization or tradition, for sustainable development sake, should endeavor to refine the education system to meet the demands of the currents. Otherwise, it may bring the destructive consequence to itself.Culture revolutionJapan grows up after ww2 (depends on science and education)l Unfortunately, we have not yet learn how to raise children who can bring about a better society.Deficiency of our current educational system Antisocial behavior Juvenile delinquency, street crime, adolescent abortion, group sex, guns& alcohol abusive, addiction to drugs and virtual games mainly concerned about violence and sex.Admittedly,以上是少数但是大多数受教育的学生处于迷茫状态，如何学习？学习什么？Example:*学校决定课程-student control over curriculuml In order to ameliorate the current situation, what should we do?*学校决定课程-focus of education*思考传统48The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.2l Admittedly, in some degree, those significant events in history have much to do with the groups of people.1)When it comes to the greatest architecture in the world, such as the Tai Mahal, the Great Wall, the Pyramid, and so forth, it seems that the mass groups have done the hardest job instead of the famous few, however, just consider if there is no such famous few, be they monarchs or architects, who else want to devote his whole life just for a gratuitous architecture?2)历史上events：Martin Luther King Jr.( campaign for civil rights) Mahatam Gandhi (nonviolence campaign）l However, it is the famous few that inspire and guide us to to the success.1）in the realm of politic *没有Roosevelt的New Deal，美国就不能recovery from depression * Abraham Lincoln, exerted himself in the civil war for the freedom of the black.2）In the realm of science& technology*没有Wright Brother的努力，人类飞天的梦想，就永远不会实现*Newton, detected and found the universal gravitation *Thomas Edison, exerted himself day and night assiduously just for the brightness of human*Herry Ford, invented first car for ordinary people l Place emphasis on individuals is the most efficient way to study history.history overemphasize on individual是因为资料的比较容易得到，而若要记下common people involved 不现实impossible，famous few的 written records, photos, samples are easily collected. 因为当时人们会pay more attention on them。反例，前面讲的修Pyramid 和the Great Wall的talented craftsmen, Would there be any detailed information about the craftsmen?我们记录下来的只有当时的monarch同理，Would there be any detailed information about the people involved in the revolution?同样我们记住的是当时的leader。50In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.3l Admittedly, in certain fields, such as management, marketing, computer engineering, mechanical, architecture and so forth, the college should require their faculty to work outside as much as possible.*Modern education has double purpose to serve. On one hand we have to enrich our students with the indispensible democratic value of tolerance and respect and cultivate them to be wholesome citizens. More importantly, we should also enable them to survive in this competitive society.1）实际工作可以增加知识和经验to 提高 teach2）了解外面公司的demand，从而adjust their way of teaching 3）在外工作的经历可以提高interest of class。(exp)4) Useful social relationship-provide opportunities for students to practice. l However in other fields, there may be no use, or perhaps, even no possibility for the faculty to work out in professions relevant to the courses they actually teach.So, all discipline 是不对的。1） 对于一些学科focus on theory rather than practice：mathematic，history，need abstract thinking and logical analysis 就不应该鼓励work outside.（exp）比如，mathematic，难找到适合的工作，即使找到，对提高教育也没什么帮助，而且占用时间，对这类discipline的faculty来说，it is better to stay in laboratory rather than work。2） society没有这么多occupations3） 还有side effects:可能拿了salary就要用时间和精力去burden more workload 本质就会从improve the quality of education 变到make more moneyl There is no guarantee that the method mentioned above is the only way to improve the quality, the most effective strategies might include other measures.1)college关注instruction development，增加funds，和鼓励年轻教师research2）增加老师和学生之间的交流，on one hand 可以解决学生们的问题，on the other hand 还可以增加课堂的interest。208The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a societys ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people. 4l Admittedly, in some democratic nations, it is true that we could discover a peoples attitudes and interests through the way people look, dress, and act.通过人们的appearance确实reveals 人们的attitude and interests. 因为attitude和interests反应的是人们对生活的思考(thinking about life)所以to some extent 可以影响人们的appearance and behavior(exp) 年轻人穿T-shirt, Jeans，喜欢滑板skateboard 喜欢街舞，表明他们在enjoy生活，对生活很随意，不拘小节，中年人穿着正式，体面，辛勤的工作表明对生活态度是务实，严谨，老年人穿衣服舒服，自在，没事下下象棋，运动运动，表明是一种愉快享受余生的闲适l However, in other countries or areas, which are oppressed by the government or religion, the way people look, dress and act could belie the real attitudes and interests of its people.1)In some developing countries,people tend to work long hours per day.但并不是他们想这样。而是要养活自己。社会政府的压力。如果他们有机会。他们一定想要更好的生活。2)很多犯罪，不一定反映社会的attitude and interests，本性是好的，但有各方面压力以及宗教的冲突，religious conflict 但人们还是向往自由平等的。l On no account can we disregard the distinction of the internal tradition and external modernization, though subtle, tell us we can not simply justify the attitudes and interests by mere appearance and behavior in traditional countries.That is to say不能完全用appearance和behavior来reflect 社会的idea 和value。1）有人会用appearance和behavior来掩饰真正的目的，因为appearance 和behavior 具有可欺骗性deceiving，比如，spy 间谍2）globalization，现在世界上的young people wear jeans and T-shirt, Could we consider that the world just own the same interest and value? Thus it is unwise for us to consider that3）还可以通过其他方式来cognize 社会的idea 和 value，比如through hero，或者是through education system。43To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. 5l According to business area, the insightful entrepreneurs who seek for a sustainable development for company will always maintain high ethical and moral standards.Bill Gates and Li Ka-Shing and the tragedy of MitsubishiBill Gates who entered Harvard in 1973 and then dropped out two years later .He and Allen started the Microsoft and achieved great success with their Computer Operating System, such as Ms-Dos, and Windows.Li Ka-Shing, the richest man in Asia now, is a poor guy in his early life, who changed his fate significantly because of his perspicacious perception to the business market. When they become successful businessmen they do notbut work for the whole society.build schools.hospitalsproviding financial support for education and human health and etc.l When we come to spiritual leaders who bring us to the brightness should also embrace the high moral and ethical standards.Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhil Nevertheless, political leaders are not in the same case, they should weigh the equilibrium of the nationals interests and the other more important events.Admittedly, concealing the certain information which might lead to social pandemonium would not turn out to be a bad idea in political terms.(exp)SARS made deep inroads into Asia in 2003,and.in order to control the current situation from (exacerbatedeteriorate)ingthe Chinese government determine to.in some provincesjust consider what if.then,(exp)The experience of the economic crisis also in Asia in 1988,indicates that, political leaders have to and must withhold such baleful information to public initially for the stable and sustainable development of especially in stock market.if they not.the consequence would be more harmful not only to the mere Asia, but even perhaps the entire world103The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives. 6120So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present. 12l Study history could lead us to a direction which tell us who we are, how we came to be, what should we do to thrive.“History serves as a mirror.”-reflect the unavoidable trends in present society, and guide us to a sustainable development. (exp)Culture revolution -nowadays China education-what should we do to“History teaches by examples.”(exp)In world war two, the Germany was misled into a fallacious and baleful direction by Adolf Hitler, who was sheer in favor of chauvinism. As a result, not only the Germany but the whole Europe and even almost the whole world suffered the consequence under the shadow of Nazism.-nowadays peace l Learning from the past can definitely make us more aware of our current circumstance, and incite the inner passion to love our own countries and tolerate the different of the others.Incite a positive passion to love our own nation from the bottom of our hearts and a magnificent determination to devote our hands, minds, hearts, and souls to the construction of our great motherlandMahatma GauhdiMartin Luther King Abrham Lincoln, Learning the Japanese history could avoid us from friction due to their unique tradition.l Through detecting the famous few in the history, we can entirely be inspired and aspired with the spirit of innovation and reform to make a better society.Copernicus were not afraid of death just for the truth; Newton detected the universal gravitation theory just for the reason of a dropping apple from a tree; Edison exerted himself day and night assiduously just for the brightness of the human being;Herry Ford invented the first car for ordinary people use just because of his curiosity in childhood;Picasso left us his profound yet awesome paintings to catharsis;Beethoven used his ears in heart to creat numerous immaculate and exciting compositions.88Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics. 7l Admittedly, technologies have changed our way of life in significantly before we recognize what just happened.人们的生产方式+网络，Technology范文科学影响ethic：in the study of genetics, scientists discover that marriage within ones family is deleterious to the next generation. 然后 Marriages in proximity of blood are forbidden by the law.l However，科技must受到ethic的约束constraint/bind, 因为科研的目的是improve the quality of lives，所以必须用ethic和moral ensure会给人们带来benefits。human cloning，限制了就会带来medical development，therapeutic cloning techniques ；核能,不限制就会 nuclear weapon,带来世界的灾难,限制Japan，可以利用到nuclear power station.还有internet的限制atomic bomb dropped in Japan also during world war two.l 未必所有情况下technology determine还有其他的因素影响social customs 和ethic，（exp）History: Dragon boat festival 是 It is generally believed that the festivaloriginated to celebrate the memory of Qu Yuan，a great patriotic poet in ancient China. Religion: Christmas，Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus. In additional，ethic社会发展传承下来的。some ethics like 诚实守信honestyto keep ones word，勤劳勇敢hardworking/braveness self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, devote to oneself nation, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice ones faith.千百年未变 have existed for thousands of years, which no technology can determine.153Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. 8l It is almost a fiasco for education if student do not and even can not ask what they have just learned.That is to say, without critical thinking, we will learn nothing useful at all. Students should challenge what they learn so that they can learn it thoroughly and well.Copernicus-heliocentric system; Newton detected the universal gravitation theory ;Edison exerted himself day and night assiduously just for the brightness of the human being; Herry Ford invented the first car for ordinary people ;Picasso left us his profound yet awesome paintings to catharsis; Beethoven used his ears in heart to creat numerous immaculate and exciting compositions.l Real knowledge and most significant discoveries come from the skepticism of authority.(exp) Galilei: question Aritotle for the classic physic axiom in leaning Tower of Pizaone of the most significant time in history.two steel balls with different size and weight drop into the ground at the same time, exactly.(exp)Copernicus:question Aristotle that it is not the earth but the sun place in the centre of the universe.l 在教育工作中，应当注意培养学生们的怀疑精神Education传统思考-分析教育的实质69Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development 9l Admittedly,过多的restrictions会impede科学的研究的发展That is to say ,on one hand, government should do whatever it could to support the development of scientific research for sake of the better life tomorrow.“Science and technology are the primary productivity.”if notCopernicus who stroke to his theory till his death but could not be accepted because of the oppress from the religion and government. After world war two, Japanese and German rebuilt rapidly and got significant achievement in a short time. Why could they manage it? It isthe power of the science and technology that Without governments financial support, .would not survive, let alone thrive. l On the other hand, government should also supervise and control the direct of the scientific research and development, otherwise, the society would suffer the consequence.Technology科技坏处论述l Need restrictions, and how to?政府需要对科研一定的restrictions to 保证科研的应用application是向社会和平发展的方向。Clone，不限制就会有人搞human cloning，限制了就会带来medical development ；(exp) Doctor Severio AntinoriNuclear resource, 不限制就会 nuclear weapon,带来世界的灾难,限制，可以利用到nuclear power station.144It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value. 10l Admittedly, it is the artists who crate the initial spark of the true art.Beethoven created many famous compositionssymphonies, while his most magnificent one, the Chorus was produced with complete deafness. How could he manage it? It must be the prominent imagination that stimulate him to struggle and thrive, thus,h e can even listen in spite of no hearingsdeep inspiration and feeling towards life lead to the original idea of art.Dante and Da Vinci.without whoml However, real art needs to be reinterpreted and reinvented by those critics for its obscurity, otherwise it may not be acknowledged by the masses.反对（说理），评论家有时也会有永恒的价值。1）评论家能帮助人们更清楚地了解get knowledge艺术文化，因为，毕竟after all艺术还是比较难懂的obscure hard to understand。比如，Picasso 的abstract paintings。这样可以提升整个社会的艺术修养aesthetic culture，也提高了艺术的关注度attention更有利于be propitious to其发展2）评论家可以引领人们准确关注art trend。批评家具有一定的知识，他们的评价有的时候还是比较准确accurate to some extend，而且批评家评论的一般都是艺术的热点问题hotspot of art，从批评家的评论comments中我们可以了解艺术的hotspot发现新trend。3）他们的批评成了一种反馈feedback，使得艺术家不断进步。比如，商业电影，commercial movies。Monets famous painting” Impression: Sunrise” could not be understood firstlywere there no criticsVan Gogh sold only one of his paintings during his life time.however, after he committed suicidel Generally, it is the artists and critics together who provides us numerous profound yet temperate art of lasting value.两者都有贡献，只是，value不一样。然而，因为，critic没有concrete work给人们欣赏，所以往往被忽视。(exp)人们一直埋怨没有发现Van Gogh的critics们，却忽视了后来发现他的critics，without them，可能今天我们还没有认识在Van Gogh 的价值。51Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student. 11l It is true that students whose curious or desire for knowledge are satisfied can really learn and actually understand what they are infused withandour educators, be they teachers or administrators, should do whatever they could in order to guarantee that every student could receive what they want for knowledge. 1）interest是最好的老师，帮助学生学习，as impetus for study，学生能努力学习，consciously，as guide of goal，帮助学生指明正确的方向，with interest， 学生可以一直be confident and enthusiastic 2）educators 应meet the need and interest ，firstly，每个学生有不同的background，interest，ability，destination，所以，应制定不同的education to prevent them from losing talent，and ultimately。3）不能满足学生的interest会导致学生get sick of study-drop-out，影响教育的质量和efficiencyl 反对，教育的资源有限，不能meet all need，besides，it is unrealistic to satisfy 学生所有的need and interests randomly.1）由于受到fund，faculty等resources的limit，不可能每个人都可以去famous school读书2）不能infeasible满足所有need，举例，很多人不喜欢mathematic，难道为了他们的interest，就不学数学了？有些学生，根本不想学习，难道为了他们就不teach class了？显然，due to unformed minds 学生会提一些unreasonable的要求，也不可能满足。In short，in some circumstance, it is infeasible and unrealistic to meet need and interests.(education-student control curriculum)l 应该keep balance between need and interest, to achieve a efficient education1）首先，educators应考虑到学生的要求和interests, 比如 elective courses，给学生right选感兴趣的，2）当然，lacking of experience， 学生不能完全做出proper decision，所以学校也应设定compulsory courses，比如 mathematic and liberal arts 3）需要教育专家提供选课建议17There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws. 13l 很难找到correctly judge 去判断是否公平，no uniform standard由于每个人的interest不同，任何一条法律都有可能对一部分人公正而对另一部分人不公正Every