八年级下一至五课.doc

八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇 Unit 1 Will people have robots?词组1. 在家中通过电脑学习 study at home on the computer（on computers 2. 100年以后 in 100 years=100 years from now3. 免费的 be free4. 在全世界 in the whole world5. 希望如此。I hope so.6. 我不同意。I disagree.=I dont agree. agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)7. 更多的人 more people 8. 更少的闲暇时间 less free time 9. 更轻的污染 less pollution10. 更少的小汽车 fewer cars11. 少用地铁 use the subways less12. 在上大学 in college go to college 上大学13. 一辆跑车 a sports car14. 高楼大厦 tall buildings15. 每个家庭 every home16. 全班的每个同学every student of the class17. 在这条街对面的一个公寓里in an apartment across the street from here 18. 他的一张照片 a picture of him19. 十年前 ten years ago20. 离这里相当远 be pretty far away from here21. 坐火车去上学 take the train to school22. 我是认真的。Im serious.23. 乘火箭去月球 fly rockets to the moon24. 到其他行星的飞行 flights to other planets25. 在空间站里 on a space station26. 在太空中 in space27. 在太空中生活的地方a place to live in space28. 喜欢上它 fall in love with it例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他 29. 我不喜欢单独生活。I dont like living alone.30. 养一只宠物鹦鹉keep a pet parrot31. 在周末 at the weekends32. 穿一套西装 wear a suit33. 穿得更随意 dress more casually34. 有朝一日 one day35. 赢得下届世界杯win the next World Cup36. 下一次next time 37. 获奖win award win a prize38. 自食其力work for oneself39. 我应聘面试my job interview40. 预测未来predict the future41. 实现 come true42. 从未实现的著名的预言famous predictions that never came true43. 最大的电影公司之一one of the biggest movie companies 44. 美国最大电脑公司的首脑the head of the largest computer company in the United States45. 被大多数人使用be used by most people46. 一位中国著名的宇航员a famous Chinese astronaut47. 科幻电影science fiction movies48. 未来的人们people in the future49. 帮忙干家务help with the housework50. 做那些人们最不愿意干的工作do the most unpleasant jobs51. 数百年hundreds of years52. 使机器人看起来象人一样make robots look like people53. 努力做某事try to do sth54. 和我们做同样的事情do the same things as us55. 看着有趣be fun to watch56. 唤醒；醒来wake up 醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人57. 例如 for example58. 感到厌烦get bored get bored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等） 60形态各异have many different shapes61帮忙在建筑物下找人help look for people under buildings62电动牙刷electric toothbrushes63一遍又一遍地；一再地 over and over again64 在人们的家中 in peoples home65. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）66. fall in love with爱上 例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him 67. at once 当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他 68. live alone单独居住feel lonely感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独 69. hundreds of +复数数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of） 70 A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)” 71. go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等） 72. lots of/a lot of许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以） 73. on a piece of paper在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词）74. on vacation度假75. help sb with sth/help sb do sth帮助某人做某事76 many different kinds of goldfish许多不同种金鱼77 live at NO.332,Shanghai Street住在上海路332号78 as a reporter作为一名记者79. look smart显得精神/看起来聪明80 Are you kidding?你在骗我吗 81. in the future在将来/在未来82. no more=not anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）83. no longer=not any longer不再（强调状态不再发生）84. besides（除之外还，包括）与except =but（除之外，不包括）85. be able to与can 能、会（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can）86. had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）87 be big and crowded 大而且拥挤 88 casual clothing 休闲服饰 89 come true 变成现实 90 活到200岁 live to be 200 years old 本单元目标句型： 1 What do you think life will be like in 1000 years? There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.fewer； less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more二者都可以修饰。2 Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will。3 Predicting the future can be difficult.4 I need to look smart for my job interview.5 I will be able to dress more casually.6 I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.7 What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?8That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.本单元语法讲解 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词： 1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间 ；3.how soon； 4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day 比较be going to 与will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。单词讲解1 paper可数名词=newspaper2 building build builder3 even a little a lot much 修饰比较级4 dress sb Could you please help me dress the children5 be dress in red 6 dress oneself7 dress up Let us dress up and have dinner 8 Have on put on wear 9 Win won won winning win(game war match prize)10 Beat beat beat beat sb 11 Say speak talk to talk with have a talk with sb 12 Tell sb sth tell sth to sb 13 Human humans (pl )14 Predict prediction It is only a prediction 15 Noise make a great noise voice不可数名词 sound 16 None none of the stories is intertingHow many boys are there in the room ? none 17 no one =nobody 不和OF连用用来回答WHO的问句18 toothbrush toothbrushea (pl )19 science scientist 20 not no there is no book on the desk=there is not a book on the desk no =not a (not any )21 with the help of help sb do sth help with 22 would like to do sth would not like to do sth 23 be going to Look at the clouds ,I think it is going to rain. I have thought about it carefully ,and I think they are right ,so I am going to agree with you .24 try ones best to do sth 25 in future I hope they ll be more careful in future 有劝告的含义26 try to do sth try doing sth 27 people the people a people The Chinese people is a great people 28 pollution air pollution noise pollutionThere is a lot of pollution in the air here Pollutioned adj 29 seem 1 +adj he seems very angry 2+n he seems (to be) a nice man 3+like it seemed like not a bad idea at the time 4+to do sth I seems to have left my book at home 5 it seems that it seems that he was very happy 八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit2 What should I do? .Words: argue-argued-argument paypaid (in)expensivesurprisesurprisedsurprising complaincomplaint fitfitted send-sent organizeorganized organizeorganizingorganization free-freedomincludeincludedincludingpush-pull fail-succeed failure 短语1.keep out 不让进入2.play ones CDs too loud 播放CD 太响 3.argue with sb. have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵 argue against (about ) 为。争吵4out of style/ in style 过时 / 时髦 5want sb to do sth 想要某人去做某事 6write sb a letter 给某人写信write a letter to sb 7call sb. up /give sb. a call 给某人打电话8give sb. sth / give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 9talk about sth. on the phone 电话上谈论某事10.a ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的票11enough money 足够多的钱12.surprise sb. 使某人惊讶be surprised at sth./to do sth. 对感到惊奇to ones surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是in surprise 惊奇地13ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事14.borrow sth from sb 从某人处借入某物（主语借入） lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人（主语借出） 15.need to do sth 需要去做某事 16.pay for 付钱 17.get a part-time job full-time 找到一份兼职工作18.have a bake sale 销售面包 bake cakes 烘烤蛋糕19.the radio advice program 电台建议栏目 20.the same as 和一样 21.either/too/also 也 (either用于否定句句末;too用于肯定句句末;also用于系动词,助动词后实义动词前) 22. tell sb ( not) to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 23. find out 找出,查明 24. plan sth for sb 为某人计划某事 25 .everyone else 其余每个人 26.do sth. wrong=do wrong 做错事27. leave sth at home 把某物落在家中 (强调把某物放于某处) forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 (强调忘记的物品或事情) 28. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事 29. be angry with sb / at sth 对某人 / 某事生气 30.fail (in) the test 考试不及格 pass the test 通过考试31. get on/along well with 与某人相处好 32. have a fight with sb. 和某人打架 33. the same age as sb./as old as 与同龄34. not until 直到才35. have a quick supper 匆忙地吃完晚饭have supper quickly 36. the Taylors=the Taylor family Taylor一家人/Taylor夫妇二人37. Its time for sth. 该做某事Its time to do sth. 38 complain to sb. about sth 向某人抱怨某事complain about doing sth39. take part in 参加（加入某个活动，并在其中负责任）join（参加某个团体，并成为其中一员） 40. send sb to 送某人去某地 41. compare A with B 比较A和B compareto 把比作42.sb.finds it interesting to do sth. 某人发现做某事很有趣43. on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand, 另一方面 44. too much pressure 太多的压力be under too much pressure45. asas possible/sb.can 尽可能 46. fitinto 找到时间（做某事）fit as much as possible into their kids lives47 . original clothes 新潮服装48. get a tutor 请家教49. return the book to me=give the book back to me把某物归还某人41. 带足够的钱 have enough money42. 出什么事了？Whats wrong? = Whats the matter?= Whats the trouble?重点句型 1Whats wrong (with)?= whats the matter (with ) ? 2What should I do ? 3. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp .Need to do 实义动词 need do 情态动词4. He should get a tutor to come to his home .5. I always thought I was popular at school .6. Everyone else in my class was invited except me .7. I cant think what I did wrong .8. I am very upset and dont know what to do .9. There are a lot of things you could do .10. You left your homework at home . 11I dont know what to do =I donknow what I should do?12Could you please give me some advice?不可数13The tired children dont get home until 7:PM . 14.Its time for homework. Its time to do homework .15and try to fit as much as possible into their kidslives .16.She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older .16.They might find it difficult to plan things for themselves .17.They need time to do things by themselves .18. My cousin is the same age as me.19. I dont have any money,he doesnt have ,either.20. Maybe he should say hes sorry.21. I want to be like him.1. 你应该道歉。You should say youre sorry.2. 也许他应该道歉。Maybe he should say hes sorry.3. 一张球票 a ticket to a ball game4. 我该怎么办呢？what should I do?5. 我认为不行。I dont think so.6. 在电话里谈这件事 talk about it on the phone7. 让他吃惊 surprise him8. 赚钱支付夏令营的费用 get some money to pay for summer camp9. 向你哥哥借点钱 borrow some money from your brother10. 他也没有钱。He doesnt have any money , either.11. 向你父母要些钱 ask your parents for some money12. 卖烧烤 have a bake sale13. 给我家人买礼物 buy gifts for my family14. 好主意。Thats a good idea.15. 请家教到他家 get a tutor to come to his home16. 一个没有个性的朋友 a friend who isnt original17. 留一样的发型 have the same haircut18. 进展;相处 get on19. 那是一个有趣的观点。Thats an interesting opinion.20. 另一个人one more person21. 各种各样；许多all kinds of22. 除了我班里的每个人都被邀请了。Everyone else in my class was invited except me.23. 我非常苦恼，不知道该怎么办。Im very upset and dont know what to do.24. 把作业落在家里了leave the homework at home25. 尽力幽默些try to be funny26. 我该怎么跟他说？What should I say to him?27. 考试不及格fail the exam28. 和我同岁be the same age as me29. 学会放松learn to relax30. 疲倦的孩子们直到晚上7点才回家。The tired children dont get home until 7 a.m. .31. 该做作业了。Its time for homework.32. 尽最大可能地适应孩子们的生活try to fit as much as possible into the kids lives33. 为而抱怨complain about34. 参加课后俱乐部take part in after-school clubs35. 固执的父母并不罕见。Pushy parents are nothing new.36. 好象给孩子的压力更大了seem to push the kids a lot more37. 一位3个孩子的母亲a mother of 3 kids38. 完全了解这样的压力know all about such pressure39. 他们可能觉得为他们自己谋划事情是困难的。They might find it difficult to plan things for themselves.40. 多一点时间 a bit more time单词讲解1 the + 姓的复数表示一家人 the smiths are having dinner2 sports meet sports jacket sports shoes 用作定语多用复数3 send-sent sent I ll send a gift to my mother on her birthday. Send for 请某人来 please send tor the doctor4总是做某事 有语气be always doing sth He was always doing things for others5.loud aloud loudly aloud 表语形容词与 read 连用 .loud 与laugh 连用表示声音大loudly有喧闹的含义如knock the door6. enough后加名词 形容词和副词后加enough 7.the dictionary cost her 20yuan It took me two hours to do my homework last yearHe spent three days in visiting the great wall He paid $5 for the book 8.either 形容词任一的 两者中的任一个you may go by either road代词与of 连用either of +the my their +名词谓语动词用单数 三者以上的任一个用any 9Else 形容词别的其它的常用在不定代词something anyone nobody 后还有特殊凝问词what who where 后边Other 其它的位于修饰词的前边three other questions10crazy 疯狂的，狂热的 .You must be crazy to go out in such bad weather 11 play (1)please play the tape again(2)I can play the violin(3)play basketball play with fire(4)Tv play go to the play 12 fit (1)adj The food is not fit to eat because its bad Its not fit to our leader (2) vt The coat doesn”tfit me 13 too much I drank too much cola last night Much too What are driving much too fast Too many There are too many people at the railway station 14include vt The price included both house and furniture Included adj 放在修饰词的后边 including 引导一个解释性的短语 介词There are five parts in the books ,including two parts written by our teacher Everyone will go to the cinema ,Lao xiao included .15 complain (1)complain about (of )sth (2)complain to sb about sht They are complained to the government about poor quality of their houses (3)complain that She complaines that her boyfriend didnt work hard 16 compare to People often compare the life to the stage Compare with Please compare this book with that book ,and find out the differences between them .17 until 直到为止 动作一直持续 I will wait for you until you come I will be here until the end of the month . Not until 只到才 动作才发生 My grandma didnt go to sleep until I get back home The lazy boy didnt get to school until ten oclock yesterday morning 条件状语从句条件状语从句主要由if或unless引导：1) if条件句 if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。构成条件从句主句时态If一般现在时主语shall/will+动词原形例句If he comes,he will take us to the zoo.2) 用法：(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为“如果、假如”，主句不能用be going to表示将来，而应该用shall，will。 If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (错误) If you leave now, you will never regret it. (正确)(2)if “如果”，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时，如： If it rains tomorrow, I shant climb the hills.另外，主句是祈使句或含有情态动词，从句也用一般现在时。如：Please call me if he comes next Sunday.Can you call the policeman if you are in the trouble.注意 宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。如果主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据具体情况选用时态，如果主句用一般过去时，从句必须用过去式的某种形式。 I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。Our teacher said there was going to be a football match the next month.我们说下月将有场足球比赛。（注意）下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词，而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”。 If you will excuse me,I really must go to bed . 如果你能原谅我的话，我真的要睡觉了。 If you will wait a minute ,Ill go and tell my mother that you are here . 如果你愿意等一会的话，我去告诉我妈妈你来了。试比较下列句子： If you see him tomorrow ,give him this book . 如果你明天去看他，给他这本书。 If you will see him tomorrow ,give him this book . 如果你明天愿意去看他，给他这本书。2）unless引导的条件句，表示强烈的否定。翻译为“除非”。“非不可。” I shant go unless he asks me . 他不来请我我就不去。 You will fail unless you work harder . 你不努力就会失败的。 Dont come unless I call you . 我不叫你就别来 。（注意） unless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式 ，因为本身unless表示否定。 误 : Unless you do not work ,you will fail . 正 ：Unless you work hard ,you will fail . 正 ：If you dont work hard ,you will fail .练习 ： 1If she _ (finish ) work early ,she _(go) home.2If the weather_（be）fine，we_(go)for a walk .3. If I_(have) time tonight ,I _(finish) the book Im reading.4. If I _(rain) next weekend , we_(not be able to ) plant the vegetable .5. If it_(rain),we_(stay) at home .6.If she_(arrive) ,she _(phone) me .7. If he_(call),tell him Ill ring back .8. Unless you_(work) harder ,you_(not)pass the the exams .9. He _(not speak ) to you unless you_(speak) to him first .10.I dont know if it _(rain) tomorrow .If it _(rain) , we _(not go )to school . 语法要点 （1）情态动词should和could的用法： should的用法： should是shall的过去式形式，用做情态动词时，意为“应该；应当”。should用做情态动词时没有人称和数的变化。should主要有以下用法： A. 表示“义务或责任”，意为“应该”。例如： We should be strict in all ou