新目标八年级英语上册第八单元复习资料.doc

新目标八年级英语上册第八单元复习资料考点扫描：一）习惯用语：hang out with和闲逛（过去式hung）take photos/pictures照相go to the zoo去动物园go to the aquarium 去水族馆buy a souvenir 买一份纪念品buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb. 买某物给某人give sb. sth.=give sth.to sb.把某物给某人pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.递某物给某人get ones autograph 得到某人的亲笔签名win a prize 得了一个奖（过去式won）win the first prize 得了冠军Visitors Center 游客中心on the school trip 在学校旅游中at the end of 在的尽头watch a dolphin show 观看海豚表演day off 休息日have fun doing sth. 做某事有趣go for a drive 去兜风have/take a class 上课on my next day off 在我下一个休息日see you soon再见(have) a yard sale (进行)庭院旧货出售in the future未来，将来take the bus back to school坐公共汽车回到学校in the rain 在雨中in the sun 在太阳下in the yard 在院子里come back from 从回来what else 别的什么after that 之后That sounds interesting. 那听起来很有趣.sleep late 睡懒觉二）重点句型：1I went to the aquarium，I didnt go to the zoo.我去了水族馆，我没去动物园。2Did you take any photos?你照相了吗?3Id like to eat some ice cream我愿意吃些冰淇淋4.We often hang out with our friends我们经常同朋友一起去闲逛。5.Would you like to go for a drive?你愿意去开车兜风吗?6.Did Tina buy a souvenir?蒂纳买纪念品了吗?7Toby won a prize托比赢了奖金。8.Did Tina meet a famous actor?蒂纳遇见一位著名演员了吗?9.The students had a terrible school trip同学们度过了一次糟糕的学校旅行三）交际用语：What did you do on your school trip?Did you go to the zoo? No,I didnt.I went to the aquarium.Were there any sharks?No,there werent any sharks,but there were some really smart seals.四)主题写作：介绍你周末的行程和感想。词语点击：1.gift：gift名词 n.礼品，其同义词为present.She has got lots of birthday gifts. 她得到了许多生日礼物。天赋;才能。He is a man of gifts.他是个多才多艺的人。The boy has a gift for music. 这男孩有音乐天赋。2.hang:h?动词 v.(1)把.挂起; 悬挂展出(画作等);过去式和过去分词为（hung,hung）.He hung his coat on the hook. 他把衣服挂在钩子上。His pictures were hung in the Museum of Modern Arts.他的画在现代艺术馆展出。(2)绞死;吊死:作此义讲时，过去式和过去分词为(hanged;hanged)The man was hanged for murder. 那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。（3）hang out意思是“闲逛，闲荡”；hang about/around 意为“逗留;徘徊，等待。”I hung about for an hour, but he didnt come.我等了一个小时,但他没有来。3.win:win动词 v. “赢得, 在.中获胜(或成功)”，其过去式和过去分词为won,won.名词“获胜者”为winner.win的宾语多为 game，match，competition(竞赛)，fight(斗争，战斗)，war(战争)等名词，一般不加某人做宾语。例如：Hemingway once won the Nobel Prize for literature.海明威曾一度获得诺贝尔文学奖。4.visitor:vizit?名词 n. 访问者; 观光者;参观者,游客There are many visitors to the White House every year.每年参观白宫的游客很多。【积累】visitor是由动词visit加后缀-or构成。动词加-er或-or多表示做这个动作的人。例如： inventor发明家， director 导演， translator翻译家， actor演员，sailor水手,monitor班长，conductor售票员，等等。5.end:end1）名词 n.末端;尽头;最后部分,末尾My friend waited for me at the end of the street.我的朋友在街道尽头等我。目的;目标：I used the scientific method to attain this end.我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。2）动词 vt. vi.结束;终止;了结；作为.的结尾，相当于be over或finish.I hoped that this might end my suffering. 我希望这会结束我的苦痛。The book ends in tragedy. 这本书以悲剧结尾。【积累】由end构成的短语：at the end of“在末端，在末尾”，可以接时间也可接地点。in the end“最后，最终”，end后不加of,相当于finally或at last. 例如；Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last year.去年年终我校举行了一次运动会。At the end of this street youll find a bookshop.在这条街的尽头你可看见一家书店。In the end they caught the thief.他们最终抓住了那个贼。by the end of意为“到末为止”，后可跟过去时间与过去完成时连用，也可跟将来时间，而与将来时连用。例如：By the end of last term we had learned five English songs.到上学期末我们已学会五首英语歌曲。The world population will pass seven billion by the end of this year.到今年末，世界人口将超过七十亿。6.drive:draiv1）动词 vt. vi. 驾驶(汽车等); 用车送(人); 驱赶,赶走I dont know how to drive a truck. 我不会驾卡车。It is dangerous to drive after drinking. 酒后开车危险。Hell drive us to the airport. 他会开车送我们去机场。He drove the sheep up the hill. 他把羊群往山上赶。2）名词 n. 驾车旅行;(开车)兜风;车程We went for a drive in the afternoon.我们下午开车出去兜风。two hours drive 两个小时的车程7.off:?fadj. adv. (离)开,(走)开,(隔)开; 切断,关掉,停止;取消; 不在工作,休息;经常用于“一段时间+off”这一结构，表示休假（休息）多长时间。They went off together and left me sitting there.他们一同离开了,留下我独自坐在那里。He turned off the light before going out. 他出门前把灯关掉。Youre going off the subject. 你们离题了。Tomorrow will be my day off. 明天我休息(不上班)。【积累】常见词组：take off脱掉（衣帽等），（飞机）起飞；get off下车；be off离开；drive off赶走；等等。8.rain:rein1）名词 n.雨,雨水; 降雨,一场雨; (雨点般的)落下;(下雨般的)一阵;其形容词为rainy.“下雨的，多雨的”。Do you get much rain? 你们那儿雨水多吗?A rain of abuse has been heaped upon him.他遭到好一顿咒骂。2）不及物动词 vi. 下雨,降雨I think its going to rain. 我想快要下雨了。【注意】名词rain不能做表语，做表语时要用其形容词或现在分词，表示“下雨的，在下雨”，其余表示天气的名词wind,snow,fog等也是如此。例如：It was rainy /windy/foggy yesterday.与rain，snow有关的谚语、俗语：rain cats and dogs倾盆大雨timely rain及时雨A snow year, a rich year.瑞雪兆丰年。If there be neither snow nor rain, then will be dear all sorts of grain.雨雪不调，五谷价高。Prepare for a rain day. 未雨绸缪。Although it rains, throw not away your watering pot.纵然天下雨，休把水壶丢。A wanderer who is determined to reach his destination does not fear the rain. 决心赶到目的地，浪汉何惧雨来淋。Counsel (商议)after action is like rain after harvest. 放马后炮Dont have the cloak(斗篷)to make when it begins to rain.切莫临时抱佛脚9.luckily:l?kili副词 adv.“幸运地;幸好”,Luckily, he was in when I called. 还好,我打电话去时他在。Luckily no one was hurt. 幸好没有人受伤。注意：luck(名词，运气，幸运)lucky(形容词，幸运的)，反义词unluckyluckily(副词)，反义词petition:,k?mpiti?n名词 n. 竞争,角逐U(+with/between/for)比赛,竞赛;赛会C+to-v; (总称)竞争者;比赛对手U;其动词形式为compete.Competition among youths to enter the best colleges is intense.年轻人想进一流大学的竞争是很激烈的。I entered a chess competition and finished third.我参加了象棋比赛名列第三。Hes no competition for Henry. 他不是亨利的对手。My handwriting cannot compete with his.我的书法不及他。11.future:fju:t?名词 n.未来,将来; 前途He felt confident in the future. 他对未来充满信心。You have a great future. 你前途无量。【口】(常用在否定和疑问句中)成功的可能性I am afraid your idea has no future. 我恐怕你的想法不会成词组in the future“在未来”，the future tense 将来时12.again:?gen副词 adv.再,再一次; 重回;恢复原状; 再者;此外Would you say that again? 请你再说一遍好吗?Henry was glad to be home again. 亨利很高兴又回到家里。Then again, I doubt whether he will come. 再说,我怀疑他是否会来。火眼金睛：1.四大家族讲究多：由some,any,no,every构成的不定代词的用法：一）some，any ，no 和 every 可以与one ,body ,thing构成复合不定代词，它们的用法与some. any 的用法相同。如：Somebody(有人，某人)，Anybody(任何人)，Nobody(没有人)，Everybody(每人)Someone(有人，某人)，Anyone(任何人)，No one(没有人)，Everyone(人人) Something(某事)，Anything(任何事)，Nothing(没有东西)，Everything(一切)以上词都是指人的不定代词，当我们不确定所谈论的人的名字或不需要提及他的名字时，就可以用不定代词来表示。1)someone/somebody 用来表示“某人”，常用于肯定句中。例如：There is someone in the fitting room.Somebody wants to see you at the gate.2)anybody/ anyone表示“任何人”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何人”的含义时也用anyone/anybody，例如：Anyone（who feels tired or weak） should wear red that makes you feel energetic.Has anybody come?There is not anyone in the room.Please tell me at once if anyone calls me.3) no one/ nobody 表示“没有人”，“没有任何人”。本身是否定词，当然用于否定句中。no one常用于书面语，nobody常用于口语中。（nobody = not anybody），例如：No one has come.Nobody knows where he is.二)something， anything，nothing，none:something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代词，something, anything, nothing 常指物，代表不确定的某样东西或不需要提起名字的某样东西，形容词修饰这些不定代词时应放在这些词的后面，例如：something new. none 既可指代人，也可指代物。1)something 表示“某物”，常用于肯定句中。Simon has something new to tell us.2)anything常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句中或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何东西”的含义时也用anything。例如：For a better life, he will do anything.He didnt say anything about it.3)nothing, none 表示否定的意思，none 还可以和of连用，做主语或宾语。（nothing = not anything）I have nothing to say.None of us want(s）to go there.-Are there any cakes in the fridge?- No, there is none left.-三）学习时请特别注意以下几点：1)以上不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.Everything is ready, Lets start our party.2)不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时, 该形容词、动词不定式要放在其后。There is nothing wrong with your computer.3)在表示请求、建议或邀请等期待一个肯定回答时，用some系列, 而不用any系列。Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表请求)Could you pass me something to drink?(表请求)Why not ask someone for help?(表建议)Arent you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答)4)any系列一般用于否定句和疑问句中，但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if条件从句中，表示“任何人（物）”的含义.Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(处罚)5）当句中有little, seldom, hardly，without等半否定意义的动词、形容词、介词或如tooto等具有否定意义的其它结构时，通常用any系列词项。如：I have finished it without anyones help.I am too busy to play with anybody.6）every系列一般用于肯定句中，如果用于否定句则表求部分否定（不完全否定）。例如： Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每个人都喜欢吃三明治)7）在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代词)出现的上下文中，要用复数人称代词与之对应。Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm.Everyone was running as fast as they could.8）当陈述句的主语是指人的复合不定代词（-one,-body）时，其反意疑问部分的主语用they，当陈述句的主语是指物的复合不定代词（-thing）时，其反意疑问部分的主语用it. Everyone is here , arent they?人都到了，是吗？ Everything is ready, isnt it ?一切准备好了，是吗？ Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren t they?有人在门口等我，是吗？9）回答how many 或how much开头的问句用 none, 回答who开头的问句用 nobody 或no one;回答what 引导的问句用nothing。如：How many boys are there in the classroom?-None.Who is in the classroom ?-Nobody./No one.Whats she doing?-Nothing.10）注意none, nothing, no one的区别: none 可以和of 连用，其它的不能和of连用; none 与all 反义。【注意】none ,nothing 和no one 的区别； none既可指人，也可指物，它只是指在一定范围内，代替上下文已出现过的名词。Nothing表示“没有什么东西”，只能指物，不能指人，同时没有任何限制。No one 一般用来指人，使用时不受一定范围的限制，后面一般不接引导的介词短语。2.“它”的本领有点高：It rained all day.“整天都在下雨。”在此句中，it指代天气。其实it的用法还有很多：it在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不仅不简单，而且很复杂。它可以用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情，用于指代人，用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。另外，它也可以用作形式主语，用作形式宾语，强调句型中等。下面我们来详细总结一下it的用法，希望对大家的学习都帮助。一、用作人称代词：1.用于指事。It用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复。I cannot find my CD player; I must have lost it in the school library.2.用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。“Where is the cat? “It is under the bed.”Theygot a baby last month and it is very lovely.3.用于上文提到的情况。His parents are going to send him abroad and he doesnt like it.4.指人时与he和she的区别。当it用于指人时，主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若是指已知的或身份明确的人，则应根据情况使用he或she。比较： I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postmen.Jim is at the door. He wants to see you.5.指物时与one与that的区别。两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：It指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物，而one与that或this则指代同名异物，此时的one等于“a+名词”。比较：I told you not to take my mobile phone away.Look! I cant find it anywhereI have lost my umbrella, I think I must buy one.（one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了）The video you bought is cheaper than that I bought.（替代词that在该句中特指“the video I bought”, 以区别“the video you bought”）二、用作虚主语或虚宾语:1.用于指时间Its three years since he left here.2.用于指距离 How far is it from here to the station?3.用于指环境It was very quiet in the garden.4.用于指天气等自然现象What bad weather! It has been snowing for about 5 hours without stopping.There will be a storm during the night and it will drop to -4?.5.用于笼统地谈论某情况 I cant help it. 没办法了。“Hows it going？” “well, not so good.”三、用作形式主语:1. 基本用法。当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。例如：It is time to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth.Is it necessary to do so？It doesnt matter what she says.2.特殊的形式主语用作动词look, seem, happen等的主语（后接that从句或as if从句）：It seems as if it is going to rain.天看起来要下雨了。It（so）happened that I had no money with me.碰巧我身上没带钱。3.“别”有洞天须鉴赏：else和 other都可作形容词表示“别的”、“其他的”，但用法不同：other修饰名词，位于名词之前；而else修饰不定代词、疑问代词和疑问副词，要位于这些词之后。试比较：Whats that in your other hand？你另一只手里拿的是什么？I remember I read about it in some other book我记得我在别的书中读到过这一点。Do you have anything else to say？你还有别的事情要说吗？What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么？4.赠送礼品细挑选：gift和present都有“礼物”的意思，常可互换使用，但也有些差别，需要分清：一） present 与gift 都用作名词时的用法及区别：1. 一般说来可以通用，但gift 有一定的感情色彩，有时有“捐赠”的意思。2.两者都可作“礼物”解, 常可能通用, 但gift 着重于诚意与分量, 一般指上级或同级所赠的礼物, 侧重于送礼人的诚意; present一般指同级或下级所赠的礼物, 口语中用得多.3. gift一般是指一些较小的礼物；而present一般是指一些较大的礼物。4.gift 多指比较正式的礼物。例:The watch was a gift from him.present表示礼物的意思时,不如gift 正式.例:He gave her the notebook as a present.二）其他差别：1）gift 的用法：gift 用作名词，表示“礼物”，“赠品”，“天赋”，“天分”，是可数名词；gift 用作动词，表示“赋予”。Thanks for your gift .He was gifted with a good voice. 他天生一个好嗓子。2）present的用法： 用作名词，表示“礼物，礼品”（为可数名词）, “现在”。e.g.1. He gave me a handsomepresent.他给我一份很好的礼物。2. Im afraid I cant help you just atpresentIm too busy.很抱歉，我现在帮不了你实在太忙了。用作形容词，表示 “现在的”, “当目前的”，“ 现存的”，“出席的, 在座的, 到场的; 存在的.1. I am very pleased with my present job.我对我现在的工作很满意。2 .How many people were present at the meeting?有多少人出席会议？ 用作动词，表示“赠送,提出,呈现 ”。Hepresentedher with a bunch of flowers.他献给她一束花。5.“玩得开心”有“乐趣”：1）表示“玩得开心”的几种表达方法：have a good time=have a great/nice/wonderful/time=enjoy oneself =have fun在句子中，有时“time”可具体化，例如：have a good summer vacation,等等。它也有”玩得开心“的意思。题例:I hope you will enjoy yourself during your stay in Shanghai?A.like yourselfB.have a happy lifeC.have a good timeD.have a long time (同义替换) 答案选C.2)fun“乐趣”的用法较多，且记起：fun做不可数名词，表示“乐趣；享乐；有趣的人(或事物)” 娱乐,乐趣What fun we had! 我们玩得多开心!His uncle is fond of fun. 他的叔父喜欢开玩笑。Mr. Smith is great fun. 史密斯先生是一个很有趣的人。have fun (in)doing sth.意为“做某事感到有乐趣”。make fun of sb.意为“取笑某人；拿某人开玩笑“，与laugh at 同义。Itsnot polite to make fun of others.嘲笑别人是不礼貌的。6.风云“聚”义厅：本单元重点句子释义集锦：1.How was your school trip? 你的学校旅行怎么样？翻译：她正在上海出差。（be on a business trip）2.Talk about events in the past.谈谈过去的事件。翻译：背后谈论别人不太好。3. Were there any sharks? No, there werent any sharks, but there were some really smart seals.有鲨鱼吗？不，没有鲨鱼，但是看见了一些非常伶俐的海豹。翻译：你要咖啡吗？你能借给我点钱吗？4. What else did you do? 你还做了别的什么事情吗？翻译：还有谁去北海公园了？5.Finally, they took the school bus back to school.最后他们乘坐公共汽车返回学校。6. At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the students cleaned the bus after the trip.在那天结束的时候，自然老师很高兴，因为学生们在旅游之后把汽车打扫了一遍。翻译： 老师在上课开始的时候给我们讲了学校的规章制度。在这条路的尽头你会看到那家医院。7.The students had a terrible school trip.学生们度过了一次很糟糕的学校旅行。翻译：我昨天晚上做了个可怕的梦。8.They took the subway back to school.他们乘坐地铁回到学校。翻译：她每天步行回家。9.On my next day off, I dont want to go for a drive. That sounds really boring. 在我的下次假日，我不想开车兜风。那听起来真的很烦人。翻译：经理给他的员工放了一天假。10.Did you have fun camping?你的野营过得愉快吗？翻译：这学期我们学说英语将会很有趣。11. No one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.没有人来购买，因为天气是如此的糟糕。翻译：这些书没有一本是关于语法的。_ .(Keys:1.She is on a business trip in Shanghai.2.It is not good to talk about others behind.3.Would you like some coffee?Can/Could you lend any money to me?4.Who else went to Beihai Park?6.At the beginning of class,the teacher told us the school rules.You will see the hospital at the end of the road.7.I had a terrible dream last night.8.She walks home every day./She went home on foot every day.9.The manager gave the clerk a day off.10.Well have fun (in) speaking English this term.11.None of these books is about grammer.)语法聚焦：一般过去时一）表示过去发生的动作或出现的状态，用动词的过去式来表达，如：I was at the library yesterday afternoon.Tom studied hard and did well in the final exam last year.二）动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种：1）规则动词的过去式：一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。wanted，played以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。hoped，lived重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-edstopped以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。studied，worried以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接加-ed. played, enjoyed规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后t，元浊d，t d之后读id。清辅音后，ed要读t。worked，finished元音或浊辅音后，ed要读 d。lived，calledt或d后，ed读id。 started，needed2）不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记