雅思阅读之小标题题型详解.doc

小标题配对题题型特点l 位于文章前l 特别耗时间l 开头容易错l 错就错2个(无复选)解题步骤 l 去掉example选项，并在对应段落上做标记。l 精读首句，浏览全段，读一段，做一道。l 若找不出主题，暂时放弃，先做其他段落。l 碰到两个选项不能确定，先都作为备选项列出，最后用排除法筛选。l 某段话的答案确定后，将它对应的选项划去如何找主题句l 带转折性的句子l 归纳总结的句子l 表达观点的句子l 问句后面的句子l 举例前面的句子l 位置：段落首尾句段落的构成和解读l (1) Care needs to be taken with religious items. (2) There have been a number of incidents over the years involving foreigners that have drawn a strong reaction from an offended government and people - for example, the family of tourists who foolishly clambered all over a revered Buddha statue. (3) When buying an object, it is important to distinguish between the objects aesthetic appeal and its religious significance. (4) Representations of the Buddha, for example, must be placed at . （连接词PPT）寻找主题句l The senses of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking and touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.寻找主题句l The senses of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking and touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.寻找主题句l All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning far to square and near to circle. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.寻找主题句l All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning far to square and near to circle. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.寻找主题句l While tropical areas will become drier and uninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as the polar ice caps melt. Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas. Todays holiday hotspots-too hot to live in or visit. With the current erratic behavior of the weather, it is difficult not to subscribe to such despair.l A pessimistic view of the future 寻找主题句l While tropical areas will become drier and uninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as the polar ice caps melt. Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas. Todays holiday hotspots-too hot to live in or visit. With the current erratic behavior of the weather, it is difficult not to subscribe to such despair.l A pessimistic view of the future 寻找主题句l Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell寻找主题句l Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell寻找主题句l Why do people reject the language of their parents? It started with a crisis of confidence. When a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, people lose faith in their culture. When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.寻找主题句l Why do people reject the language of their parents? It started with a crisis of confidence. When a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, people lose faith in their culture. When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.名词概念的种属关系l Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our naive wonder when faced with the forces of nature.l The destructive force of water in former times. Environmental change has always been with us 名词概念的种属关系l Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our naive wonder when faced with the forces of nature.l The destructive force of water in former times. Environmental change has always been with us 注意段落之间的衔接关系l Such variation can be explained with the reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For examplel Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans well-developed acoustic sense.注意段落之间的衔接关系l Such variation can be explained with the reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For examplel Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans well-developed acoustic sense.读出真正的主题l Now, however, there turns out to be more to the storyl However, there is another type of laughter. The laughter of social appeasement is important too新段必须具备新内容l The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologist have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approach that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.新段必须具备新内容l The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologist have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approach that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.读出主题句的气质 Playing is a serious business. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one. Many procedures are available for obtaining data about a language. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure, curriculum science. 技巧 l 重复出现是标题：读出主题名词l 转折后面是标题l 判断句型、强调句型是标题l 注意段落的承接关系l 选择题的技巧完全适用l 注意体会一些特殊选项: first, traditional, how sth operates, opposition, future 读出主题名词l Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometers of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry the sediment. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the out edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.读出主题名词l Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometers of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry the sediment. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the out edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.读出真正的主题l Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometers of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry the sediment. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the out edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.小标题的结构与文章结构：Volcanol Causes of volcanic eruptionl Efforts to predict volcanic eruptionl Volcanoes and the features of our planetl Different types of volcanic eruptionl International relief effortsl The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions小标题的启示 l Early research among the Indian Amazonsl Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion l The disruptive effects of wilderness tourism l Recycling of waste paper l Interrupting a natural processl The impact of recent changel Less valuable sediment than beforel Look at the long-term impactl Egypts disappearing coastline干扰选项的特点l 文章根本没提到的主题l 与文章主题完全相反的选项l 段落中未展开说明的细节体会干扰选项的特点l More and more women are now joining the paid labor force worldwide. They represent the majority of the workforce in all the sectors- informal and flexible such as home working, temporary, low paid and so on. Even in countries which have low levels of women paid workers, such as Arab countries, employment is rising.l A the paid labor forcel B women working part timel C more women in the labor forcel D the rising female workers in Arab countriesSummary题型特点 l 注意段首l 通读再做l 不仅仅是意思上的匹配，也是形式上的一一对应。解题步骤l 看清题目要求：划出对应段落和字数要求 l 通读，划出关系词l 预测答案l 划出定位词l 有备选项，挑出同性成分筛选抄写答案注意事项l 不需要做任何改动l 符合字数要求l 尽量忠实原文配对题解题步骤 仔细阅读题目要求，搞清题目和选项之间的关系以及各自的数量 读题目和选项确定找题目还是找选项，或者两个结合找。尽可能多记些关键词 通读配对另一方，划出定位词，逐段进行配对。注意事项 题干或选项可能会有一个按原文顺序排列。但是不大可能题干选项都是按原文顺序排列的。 注意题目的答案要求（填选项还是填选项前的字母）：剑三17页，剑三收藏品举例使用的结构用词 This is shown/exemplified/illustrated by . For example, For instance, . A key experiment shows/exemplifies/illustrates this. This is shown by the following examples, The following are examples of this: The following is a case in point:. .is a case in point. . institutions such as the family .人名理论配对题 第一步：在文章中划出人名（为缩小寻找范围） 第二步：划出题干中理论句的定位词，结合文章结构定位。注意事项 有人名的段落才看 一个专家可以配两个观点，但一个观点只能配一个专家 注意人名said, suggest, according to, claim 这样的词后面的句子以及引