一看二析三结合.doc

一看二析三结合步步为营做完形英山县长冲高级中学 邓环球 2012年湖北省高考考试说明中明确指出：命题要体现新课标理念注重语言的实用性、交际性、人文性、时代性和思想性，重视真实环境中的语言理解和语言运用。完形填空正是这一命题原则的具体体现之一。虽然完形填空在今年（2012年）高考中比分有所下降，由过去的30分变为20分，但题量没有减少，因此在复习过程中仍不能忽视。由于完形填空集语言知识运用与阅读理解能力考查于一身，学生感到很棘手。在平时训练时，结合高考试题，分析各地高考试题考查热点，有助于我们平时的科学训练，更有助于提高完形填空的解题能力。纵观2011年各地完形填空试题，我对完形填空题的感觉是：“年年岁岁题不同，岁岁年年点相似”。1突出语境理解近年来，完形填空淡化了语法知识的考查，偏重了语境理解。在选项设置上以情景意义选择为主，语法选择为辅。考查的词多以动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词为主，虚词（介/连词等）为辅。而且在设置选项时四个词的词性基本上是相同的。因此，学生在确定最佳选项时，一定要通读全文，了解文章大意。只有通读了全文，才能更好地了解作者的写作思路。例如：2011重庆卷We were thrown into the water,and Dad was struggling aimlessly.At that momcnt, I felt fiercely 52 of him.I swam to Dad 53 and assisted him in climbing onto the hull(船壳) of the boat. Upon sitting on the hull, Dad was a little awkward about his flash of 54 .its all right, Dad. we are safe now.” I comforted him.52.A.ashamed B. protective C. tired D. afraid53. A. hopelessly B. quickly C. slowly D. helplessly54.A. pain B. anger C. fear D. shame答案与解析 52.B 53.B 54.C本文讲述的是作者与父亲的一次航船经历，通过最后一段“I found it was my turn to start looking out for my father” 这句话，可推断出52题作者强烈地感觉到自己对父亲的保护作用，由上文提到父母掉进水里，“Dad was struggling aimlessly”和父亲的喊声“John! Help!” 这些话可知当时父亲在水中很害怕，等父亲在作者的帮助下总算爬上了船，可知54题父亲为自己刚才的害怕的言行而感到羞愧，如果不通读全文，不了解作者的思路，而单凭自己的感觉，就很容易犯错误，尤其是52题和54题，不对语篇进行理解，得出的答案一定是错误的。2上下文暗示无处不在。在通读全文的过程中，有些空单独看无法确定答案，但只要你跳过空格往后看或回头朝前面提到的去看，你就会发现答案已在文章中，真是得来全不费工夫。通读既帮我们理解文章又帮我们不费力地获得答案，何乐而不为？例1（2011年湖北卷）In her second grade, Maja 31 her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasminas death, Maja swore she would honour the little girl by 32 with a dolphin, an animal that both girls 33 .31.A.lost B. visited C. rescued D. left32.A.talking B. living C. swimming D. surfing33.A.adored B. adopted C. possessed D. purchased答案及解析31. A 32. C 33. A根据后一句话After Jasminas death这个短语，自然就得出31题应为失去她（her cousin）由下文多次提到与海豚游泳，自然就知道32题的答案，如果不喜欢海豚运动物怎么会发誓要和海豚一起游泳，甚至装上了假肢都还想和海豚一起游泳，因此33题就根据下文可知应选“喜欢”这个单词。例2（2011全国卷II）When people are really 40 ,nothing will stop them from falling asleepno matter where they are.40.A.tired B. druck C. lonely D. lazy答案及解析40.A这个空只需回头看看文章的第一句There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere,从这句话一看就明白这个题应选答案A。3固定搭配，词组辨析，在完形填空试题中表现活跃。试看下列高考题：例1（2011湖北卷）A young dolphin, winter, who had lost its tail caught her 44 .Aeye B. leg C. her D. hand答案及解析由词组catch ones eye得出答案A例2（2011江西卷）Mary had 36 them a story and finally they were sleep.A. given B. written C. told D. taught答案及解析C固定词组搭配：tell sb a story 讲故事例3（2011天津卷）It was years later that I finally understood what role modeling 16 in your life.A. found B. played C. kept D. provided答案及解析固定词组搭配play a role in得出答案为B例4（2011安徽卷）Determined to do this 39 .I spent several weeks going door-to-door for a job, but found 40 response.39. A on my own B. on my wayC. by any chance D. by the day40.A. any B. much C. some D. little答案及解析39.A 40. D39题词组辨析，结合语境和词组意思进行辨析A独立地 B. 在路上 C. 万一 D.按天计算由语境得出应选A40由上文“spend several weeks going door-to-door for a job”和本句的but得出没有找到工作，也就是说求职都没有任何答复，故选D。little response意思是没有答复。4语法知识不容忽视。尽管完形填空在语法知识的考查上力度有所下降，但并不是不考，因此在平时训练时，这一方面不容忽视，尤其要注意帮助同学们分析句子结构，句子与句子之间的逻辑关系。例1（2011江苏卷）The more he 51 like this, the more unhappy he be came.A. thought B. imagined C. tired D. claimed答案及解析A.本题考查了比较级的用法，意思是他想得越多，他变得越不高兴。例2(2011湖北卷)One day, Maja happened to see trainers 45 winter with a high-tech trail when they were done, winter swam freely in the water, Maja was 46 .45. A. decorating B. guiding C. marking D. fitting46. A. inspired B. puzzled C. shocked D. amused答案及解析45.D 46.A45题考语法：see sb doing sth与词组fill with的相结合。5文化背景知识和生活常识在完形填空中屡见不鲜。这一方面不仅考查了学生的语言运用能力，更反映了一个人的综合素质，尤其是文化素养。例1（2011上海卷）Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of market.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient答案及解析B.根据常识可知，公司留住了顾客，就会使竞争对手进入市场或增加他们的市场份额变得更困难，而不是更不公平或更方便，因此只能选B。例2（2011辽宁卷）Nobody would get any 46 for weeks, I led Tony away 47 ,saying that the drum was too expensive.46.A.shock B. trouble C. peace D. time47.A.happily B. eagerly C. cautiously D. quickly答案及解析46.C 47.D从下文作者说鼓太贵了，可知作者的同步动作是赶紧拉着Tony离开，故47题选D。其实，真正原因是作者一想到自己住在小区里，只要儿子Tony一敲鼓，鼓就会响，周围的邻居就会得不到安宁。这是一个生活常识问题，因此46题应选peace（平和/安宁）这个词。在平时的限时完形填空训练时，除了要从以往的高考题中掌握一些技巧