Inter-law-chapter6RTO.ppt_第1页
Inter-law-chapter6RTO.ppt_第2页
Inter-law-chapter6RTO.ppt_第3页
Inter-law-chapter6RTO.ppt_第4页
Inter-law-chapter6RTO.ppt_第5页
已阅读5页，还剩38页未读， 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明：本文档由用户提供并上传，收益归属内容提供方，若内容存在侵权，请进行举报或认领

文档简介

2020 3 17 1 ChapterSixRegionalTradeOrganization LecturedbyJonathanZHONG 2020 3 17 2 RegionalTradeOrganization TheEuropeanUnionandEClawAsiaPacificEconomicCooperationAssociationofSouthEastAsianNationsNorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreementAustralia NewZealandCloserEconomicRelations 2020 3 17 3 TheEuropeanUnionandEClaw HistoricalreviewThelegalframeworkoftheEUThestructureoftheEUTheEUCouncilTheEUCommissionTheEUParliamentTheEUCourtofJusticeAreasofcooperationwithintheEUFreemovementwithintheEURelationshipbetweentheEUandtheWTO 2020 3 17 4 Historicalreview EU standsfortheEuropeanUnion Itcurrentlyconsistsof25countries TheECSCTreaty欧洲煤钢共同条约cameintoexistencein1952andthecommunitywasestablishedinthesameyear In1957 thesamesixcountriesmadetheEuropeanEconomicCommunityTreaty EEUTreaty andtheEuropeanAtomicEnergyCommunityTreaty EuratomTreaty BothtreatiesarealsoknownastheTreatiesofRome Theybecameeffectivein1958 In1987 theSingleEuropeanActwasconcluded whichpromotesthenotionoftheEuropeanUnionforwidercooperationamongthemembers On7February1992 theTreatyonEuropeanUnion TEUTreatyorMasstrichtTreaty wasconcluded andenteredintoforceon1November1993 TheEUmayenteritsfourthstageinthetwenty firstcentury ApoliticalagreementonAgenda2000 wasreachedbyEUleaderson26March1999ThesecountriesbecamemembersofEUon1May2004 2020 3 17 5 ThelegalframeworkoftheEU InbroadtermsthelegalframeworkoftheEUconsistsofthefollowingtreatiesandinstruments theTreatyonEuropeanUnion theMaastrichtTreaty TheEuropeanCommunityTreaty formerlytheEECTreaty TheEuropeanAtomicEnergyCommunityTreaty EAEEC Regulations whicharedirectlyappliedwithintheEUwithouttheneedfornationalmeasurestoimplementthem Directives whichbindmemberstatesastotheobjectivestobeachievedwhileleavingnationalauthoritiesthepowertochoosetheformandmeansoftheirimplementation Decisions whichmaybeaddressedtoanyorallmemberstates enterprisesorindividuals andarebindinginalltheiraspectsuponthosetowhomtheyareaddressed andRecommendationsandopinions whicharenotbinding 2020 3 17 6 ThestructureoftheEU TheorgansoftheEUare TheCounciloftheEuropeanUnion EUCouncil TheEuropeanCommissionTheEuropeanParliamentTheEuropeanCourtofJusticeTheCourtofAuditorsTheEconomicandSocialCommitteeTheCommitteeoftheRegionsTheEuropeanInvestmentBank 2020 3 17 7 TheEUCouncil OperationoftheEUCouncilDecision makingoftheEUCouncil 2020 3 17 8 OperationoftheEUCouncil TheEUCouncilisregulatedbyarts202 10oftheEUTreaty Ithaslegislativeanddecision makingpowerandisthemostpowerfulauthorityundertheEUTreaty dealingwitheverythingexceptforjudicialmatters Itisacouncilofministersandheadsofgovernment TheCouncilhastheCommitteeofPermanentRepresentativestoassistittodealWithmatterswhentheCouncilisnotinsession 2020 3 17 9 Decision makingoftheEUCouncil Thecouncilexercisesitspowertomakevariousdecisionsinaccordancewithart205oftheEUTreaty whichsetsoutthreewaysofmakingadecision Votingisdividedintotwotypes unanimousvoteandqualifiedmajorityvote PillarOne subjecttounanimous coversawiderangeofcommunitypoliciessuchasagriculture transport environment energy researchanddevelopment designedandimplementedaccordingtoawell provendecision makingprocesswhichbeginswithaCommissionproposal FortheothertwopillarscreatedbytheEUTreaty CommonForeignandSecurityPolicy PillarTwo andcooperationinthefieldsofJusticeandHomeAffairs PillarThree theCouncilisthedecision makeraswellasthepromoterofinitiatives Unanimityistheruleinbothpillars exceptfortheimplementingofajointactionwhichcanbedecidedbyqualifiedmajority Thequalifiedmajorityissubjecttotwofurtherqualifications whentheCouncilconsidersaproposalfromtheCommissioninpursuanceoftheEUTreaty itneeds62votesinfavortoadopttheproposal whentheCouncilconsidersanyothermatters itneeds10countrieswhosetotalvotesamountto62votesinfavortomakeadecision 2020 3 17 10 TheEUCommission TheEuropeanCommissionexercisesspecifiedfunctionsasdesignatedtoitbythetreaty orbythepowerdelegatedtoitbytheCouncil ItadministerstheoperationoftheEUTreaty andhasspecifieddecision makingpower TheCommissionhas30commissionerswhoarenationalsofEUmembers Generallyspeaking namesofpotentialcommissionersandpresidentoftheCommissionareprovidedbyeachmember TheCouncilmayappointcommissionersonthebasisoftheirindividualmerits TheappointmentneedstobeapprovedbytheParliament TheEUTreatyrequiresacountrytohaveaminimumofoneappointeeandamaximumoftwo Currently fivelargecountries France Germany Italy SpainandtheUnitedKingdom havetwocommissionerseachintheCommission CommissionersarerequiredtoactindependentlyintheinterestsoftheEU 2020 3 17 11 ThemajorfunctionsoftheEuropeanCommission EnforcerofEUlawsandregulations Initiatoroflegislation Decision makerHolderofdelegatedpower 2020 3 17 12 TheEUParliament TheParliamentisinvolvedinadoptingcommunitylegislationandtheECbudget ItsupervisestheactivitiesoftheCommissionandtheCouncilandexercisespowertoappointtheEuropeanOmbudsman 巡视员 调查员 Italsorepresentstheinterestsofthecitizen throughtheCommitteeonPetitions However theEuropeanParliamentisnotareallegislativebodyasweunderstandinadomesticcontext Itisnotinfactthehighestlaw makingbodyoftheEU theEUCouncilis ParliamentariansareelecteddirectlyfromtheEUcountries TheEuropeanParliamenthasbeengivenwiderpowersofinvolvementinthelegislativeprocesswithintheEU 2020 3 17 13 TheEUCourtofJustice TheEuropeanCourtofJusticeinterpretsandenforcestheEUTreatyandthelawsandregulationsoftheEU Itconsistsof15judgesandnineAdvocates General BothjudgesandAdvocates GeneralactindependentlyintheinterestsoftheEU ThefunctionoftheAdvocates General律师istoassistthecourttounderstandtheparticularnationallawconcerned ThecourtmayhearcomplaintsaboutbreachofEUlawsandregulationsbyacountryorbyaninstitutionwithintheEU IthasthepowertodealwithallegedbreachesoftheEUTreatybytheCouncil theCommissionandtheParliament 2020 3 17 14 AreasofcooperationwithintheEU theEUTreatysetoutthefollowingareasofcooperationforEUmembers developmentofacommonmarket eliminationofcustomsdutiesandquantitativerestrictions developmentofcommoncommercialpolicies establishmentofaninternalmarketbasedonfreemovementofgoods persons servicesandcapital developmentofacommonpolicyonagricultureandfisheries developmentofacommonpolicyontransport developmentofacommonpolicyoncompetition developmentofacommonpolicyontheEuropeanSocialFund developmentofacommonpolicyonenvironment promotionofresearchandnewtechnology developmentoftrans Europeannetworks attainmentofahighlevelofhealthprotection cooperationineducation trainingandculturalexchanges developmentofeconomicrelationshipswithothercountries consumerprotection andcooperationintheareasofenergy civilprotectionandtourism 2020 3 17 15 FreemovementofgoodsandserviceswithintheEU TheEUcreatesasinglemarketamongitsmembers Freemovementofgoodsandserviceshasthefollowingmeanings Membercountriesundertaketoreducegradually andeventuallytoabolish theexistingtariffsonimportsandexportswithintheEU Membersundertakenottoimposetaxesuponproductsofothermemberswhicharehigherthandomestictaxesonthesameproductsorwhichareimposedforthepurposeofindirectprotectionofdomesticproducts MembersundertaketoabolishquantitativecontrolofimportsandexportswithintheEU unlesstherestrictionsarenecessaryforthenationalinterest environmentalprotectionorprotectionofculturalheritage MembersundertaketoabolishgraduallyrestrictionsonfreemovementofserviceswithintheEU MembersundertaketoabolishgraduallyrestrictionsonthefreedomofbusinessestablishmentbynationalsofmembercountrieswithintheEU 2020 3 17 16 FreemovementofworkerswithintheEU Membersundertaketoadoptthesamedefinitionof ortestfordetermining aworker MembersundertaketoprovideequaltreatmentinaccordancewiththeEECTreatytoworkersofmembercountrieswithintheEU MembersundertaketoaccordfreedomofestablishmenttonationalsofmembercountrieswithintheEUinordertofacilitatefreemovementofworkers 2020 3 17 17 RelationshipbetweentheEUandtheWTO TheEUcameintoexistencebeforetheWTOwascreatedin1995 TherelationshipsbetweentheEUandWTOisregulatedbyartXIoftheWTOAgreement whichprovidesasfollows ThecontractingpartiestoGATT1947asofthedateofentryintoforceofthisAgreementandtheEuropeanCommunitieswhichacceptthisAgreementandtheMultilateralTradeAgreementsandforwhichSchedulesofConcessionsandCommitmentsareannexedtoGATT1994andforwhichSchedulesofSpecificCommitmentsareannexedtotheGeneralAgreementonTradeinServicesinAnnex1BshallbecomeoriginalMembersoftheWTO 2020 3 17 18 AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation AbriefhistoryAPECmembersNatureofAPECStructureofAPECAPECasamodeloftraderegulation 2020 3 17 19 Abriefhistory APECwasestablishedin1989inresponsetothegrowingeconomicinterdependencebetweenAsia pacificeconomies ThePeople sRepublicofChina HongKongandChineseTaipeibecamemembersofAPECin1991 APECmembers 2020 3 17 20 APECMeeting Therearetwotypesofmeetings theministerialmeetingandtheeconomicleaders meeting TheinitialyearsofAPECwerefocusedlargelyontheexchangesofviewsandproject basedinitiatives TheconcernsweresimplytoadvancetheprocessofAPECandtopromoteapositiveconclusiontotheUruguayRoundofGATTnegotiations Gradually APEChasevolvedintoaforumofgreatersubstanceandhigherpurpose namelytobuildtheAsia Pacificcommunity andtoachievehighereconomicgrowthandequitabledevelopmentthroughtradeandeconomiccooperation 2020 3 17 21 NatureofAPEC APECisnotyetaninternationalorganisation APECenteredanimportantnewerainNovember1993whenthegovernmentheadsofAPECmembersmetforthefirsttimeforinformaldiscussionsInsubsequentannualmeetings furtherrefinedthevisionandlaunchedmechanismstotranslatethevisionintoaction 2020 3 17 22 StructureofAPEC APECisnotyetaninternationalorganisation Nordoesithavethestructureofanorganisation ItsadministrationisperformedbytheSecretariat buttheSecretariatdoesnothaveanydecision makingpower Decisionsaremadeinthemembers meetings 2020 3 17 23 APECasamodeloftraderegulation CooperationofAPECmembershassofarbeenlargelyvoluntary MembereconomiesarestillexploringthemostefficientwaysofachievingcooperationanddevelopmentwithintheframeworkofAPEC withoutsacrificingtoomuchoftheirsovereigntyorautonomy 2020 3 17 24 AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations ABriefhistoryStructureofASEANAreasofcooperationASEANasamodeloftraderegulation 2020 3 17 25 ABriefhistory ASEANwasestablishedbyIndonesia Malaysia thePhilippines SingaporeandThailandin1967forthepurposeofpromotingpeace stability progressandprosperityinSouth eastAsia 2020 3 17 26 StructureofASEAN OverallstructureGovernmentmeetingsFunctionalcommitteesASEANSecretariat 2020 3 17 27 Overallstructure ASEANisaregionaltradeorganisationwithspecifiedfunctions MeetingsandcommitteeshavebeenorganisedtoimplementtheagreementsreachedbythegovernmentsofASEAN ThestructureofASEANisbasedonthreedivisions orthreetypesoforganisation thegovernmentmeetings thefunctionalcommitteesandtheSecretariat Decisionsaremadebyvariousmeetingsatthegovernmentlevel andareimplementedbythecommitteesandtheSecretariat Disputesbetweenmembersdonothaveformalstatus 2020 3 17 28 Governmentmeetings thegovernmentmeetingsareforawhereimportantdecisionscanbemadeandaresimilartoanydiplomaticmeeting Thesemeetingscanbedividedintothreelevelsaccordingtothenatureofthedecision makingpowerandtheeffectofthedecisionsmadeateachlevel AtthehighestlevelisthemeetingofthegovernmentheadsofASEANmembers nextarethemeetingsofforeignministersandeconomicministers atthelowestlevelarethemeetingsofvariousotherministers ThehighestpowerofASEANliesinthehandsoftheASANgovernments 2020 3 17 29 Functionalcommittees AnumberoffunctionalcommitteeshavebeenestablishedwithinASEAN 2020 3 17 30 ASEANSecretariat TheASEANSecretariatwasestablishedbyanagreementsignedbyASEANforeignministersduringthe1976BaliSummit 2020 3 17 31 Areasofcooperation ASEAN sofcooperationare economiccooperation politicalandsecuritycooperation andforeignaffairscooperation 2020 3 17 32 ASEANasamodeloftraderegulation ASEANprovidesauniquemodelforregionaltradeorgnisation Ithasitsownstructure systemandprinciples 2020 3 17 33 NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreement OverviewOrganisationalstructureMajorprinciplesofNAFTADisputessettlementmechanismofNAFTANAFTAasamodeloftraderegulation 2020 3 17 34 Overview TheAgreementwasconcludedinDecember1992andenteredintoforceon1January1994 NAFTAisacomprehensivedocument containingspecificrulesonvariousaspectsofthefreetradezone NAFTAisatradeagreement ratherthananorganisation Itcoverscross bordersaleofgoodsandservicesbetweenthemembers faircompetitionwithinthefreetradearea protectionofinvestmentwithintheareaandprotectionofintellectualpropertywithinthearea 2020 3 17 35 Organisationalstructure FeaturesofNAFTAFreetradecommissionTheNAFTASecretariat 2020 3 17 36 FeaturesofNAFTA NAFTAisnotanorganisationandthereforedoesnothavethesamestructureasanorganisation NAFTAhastheFreeTradeCommission FTC andtheSecretariattoadministerandenforceit TherearealsovariousfunctionalcommitteesorgroupsestablishedinpursuanceoftherelevantprovisionsofNAFTAtoimplementspecifictasks 2020 3 17 37 Freetradecommission TheFTCisestablishedinpursuanceofart2001ofNAFTA Itiscomprisedofcabin
人人文库> 全部分类> 教育资料 > 幼儿教育

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

最新文档

评论

0/150

提交评论