英国文学The Pilgrims Progress.ppt

ThePilgrim sProgressbyJohnBunyan AboutAuthorBriefIntroductionoftheWorkMainPlotThemesCharactersAllegoryAnalysis ThePilgrim sProgressSymbols Symbolism Contents JohnBunyan 1628 1688 AnalysisofBunyanBunyan apooranduneducatedtinker补锅匠 wasborninapoorfamily Andhesufferedalotbecausehispoorconditions whichlaidthefoundationforforminghisthinkingpatternsandthecreationofhisworks Bunyan ssufferingconfirmedhiminhiscallingasawriter especiallyfortheafflictedchurch Bunyan ssufferingdeepenedhisloveforhispeopleBunyan ssufferingopenedhisunderstandingtothetruththattheChristianlifeishardandthatfollowingJesusmeanshavingdifficulties Bunyan ssufferingsstrengthenedhisassurancethatGodissovereignoveralltheafflictions痛苦 折磨ofhispeopleandwillbringthemsafelyhome Bunyan ssufferingdeepenedinhimaconfidenceintheBibleasthewordofGodBunyancherishedadeephatredofboththekingandhisgovernment Literaryworks 1 GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner writteninprison 罪人受恩记 功德无量 2 Pilgrim sProgress masterpiece 天路历程 3 TheLifeandDeathofMr Badman 恶人先生的生平和死亡 贝德曼先生的一生 4 TheHolyWar 神圣战争 Part Christian aneverymancharacter whomakeshiswayfromthe CityofDestruction Earth tothe CelestialCity Heaven ofZion Christianfindshimselfweigheddownbyagreatburden sin whichcomesfromhisreadingabook obviouslytheBible OnhiswaytotheWicketGate Christianisdiverted 转移 byMr WorldlyWisemanintoseekingdeliverance 解救 fromhisburdenthroughtheLaw supposedlywiththehelpofaMr LegalityandhissonCivilityinthevillageofMorality ratherthanthroughChrist allegoricallybywayoftheWicketGate ChristianandHopefulmakeitthroughthedangerousEnchantedGroundintotheLandofBeulah wheretheyreadythemselvestocrosstheRiverofDeathonfoottoMountZionandtheCelestialCity Christianhasaroughtimeofit butHopefulhelpshimover andtheyarewelcomedintotheCelestialCity Part PresentsthepilgrimageofChristian swife Christiana theirsons andthemaiden Mercy TheyvisitthesamestoppingplacesthatChristianvisited withtheadditionofGaius InnbetweentheValleyoftheShadowofDeathandVanityFair TheheroofthestoryisGreatheart theservantoftheInterpreter whoisapilgrim sguidetotheCelestialCity Hekillsfourgiantsandparticipatesintheslaying 杀戮 ofamonsterthatterrorizesthecityofVanity ThepassageofyearsinthissecondpilgrimagebetterallegorizesthejourneyoftheChristianlife Byusingheroines Bunyan intheSecondPart illustratestheideathatwomenaswellasmencanbebravepilgrims ThePilgrim sProgressfromThisWorldtoThatWhichIstoCome areligious Christianallegory waswrittenbyJohnBunyanforsimplefolk intheformofallegoryanddream ItisregardedasoneofthemostsignificantworksofreligiousEnglishliteratureandhasbeentranslatedintomorethan100languages BunyanbeganhisworkwhileintheBedfordshirecountyGaol ForviolatingtheConventicleActwhichprohibitedholdingreligiousservices publicmeeting outsidetheauspices 赞助 支持 oftheestablishedChurchandgovernmentofEngland EarlyBunyanscholarsbelievedThePilgrim sProgresswasbeguninBunyan ssecondshorterimprisonmentforsixmonthsin1675 TheEnglishversionisdividedintotwoparts Thefirstpartwascompletedin1677andwaspublishedasthefirsteditioninFebruary 1678 TherewereeleveneditionsofthefirstpartinJohnBunyan slifetime publishedinsuccessiveyears TheSecondPartappearedin1684 andthereweretwoeditionsofthesecondpart Plot ThefirstparttellsofaChristian aneverymancharacter whomakeshiswayfromthe CityofDestruction Earth tothe CelestialCity Heaven ofZion ChristianthePilgrim settingoutinhissearchforsalvation isaccompaniedbyPliable Mr Evangelist福音 FaithfulandthenHopeful andonthewayhemeetswithmanypitfalls危险andhindrancesliketheSloughofDespond Mr WorldlyWiseman Apollyon恶魔 VanityFairandJudgeHategood andGiantDespairandtheDoubtingcastle AftermanynarrowescapesandnumeroustestsofhissteadfastnesshefinallyarrivesatCelestialcity ThesecondpartofThePilgrim sProgress dealingwithsimilaradventuresofChristian swifeChristiana theirchildren themaidenandtheMercy怜悯intheirpilgrimagetothecelestialcity TheBookToday 100yearsagoitwouldhavebeenconsideredthegreatestnoveleverwrittenIfafamilyownedtwobooks onewastheBible theotherwasPilgrim sProgressThebookhasbeentranslatedintoalmosteverylanguageonearth CharactersPartI CHRISTIAN whosenamewasGracelessatsometimebefore theprotagonistintheFirstPart whosejourneytotheCelestialCityistheplotofthestory EVANGELIST thereligiousmanwhoputsChristianonthepathtotheCelestialCity HealsoshowsChristianabook whichreadersassumetobetheBible MR WORLDLYWISEMAN aresidentofaplacecalledCarnalPolicy whopersuadesChristiangooutofhiswaytobehelpedbyaMr LegalityandthenmovetotheCityofMorality FAITHFUL Christian sfriendfromtheCityofDestruction whoisalsogoingonpilgrimage CharactersPartI GOODWILL thekeeperoftheWicketGatethroughwhichoneentersthe straightandnarrowway alsoreferredtoas theKing sHighway totheCelestialCity IntheSecondPartwefindthatthischaracterisnoneotherthanJesusChristHimself HOPEFUL theresidentofVanityFair whotakesFaithful splaceasChristian sfellowtraveler IGNORANCE abriskyounglad男孩 少年 whojoinsthe King sHighway bywayofthe crookedlane 弯曲的小巷thatcomesfromhisnativecountry called Conceit自负 CharactersPartII MERCY CHRISTIANA sneighbour whogoeswithheronpilgrimageandmarriesMATTHEW MR GREAT HEART theguideandbody guardsentbytheinterpreterwithCHRISTIANAandhercompanionsfromhishousetotheirjourney send HeprovestobeoneofthemainprotagonistsintheSecondPart OLDHONEST apilgrimthatjoinsthem awelcomecompaniontoGREAT HEART Mr VALIANT FOR TRUTH apilgrimtheyfindallbloody withhisswordinhishand afterleavingtheDelectableMountains CharactersPartII CHRISTIANA wifeofCHRISTIAN wholeadsherfoursonsandneighborMERCYonpilgrimage MATTHEW CHRISTIANandCHRISTIANA seldestson whomarriesMERCY SAMUEL secondeldestson whomarriesGrace Mr Manson sdaughter JOSEPH thirdeldestson whomarriesMartha Mr Manson sdaughter JAMES youngestson whomarriesPhoebe Places CityofDestruction Christian shome representativeoftheworldHillDifficulty boththehillandtheroadupiscalled Difficulty itisflankedbytwotreacherousbyways Danger and Destruction Therearethreechoices CHRISTIANtakes Difficulty therightway andFormalistandHypocrisytakethetwootherways whichprovetobefataldeadends HouseBeautiful apalacethatservesasareststopforpilgrimstotheCelestialCity ItapparentlysitsatoptheHillDifficulty FromtheHouseBeautifulonecanseeforwardtotheDelectableMountains ItrepresentstheChristiancongregation andBunyantakesitsnamefromagateoftheJerusalemtemple RiverofGodorRiveroftheWaterofLife aplaceofsolaceforthepilgrims Itflowsthroughameadow greenallyearlongandfilledwithlushfruittrees TheEnchantedGround anareathroughwhichtheKing sHighwaypassesthathasairthatmakespilgrimswanttostoptosleep Ifonegoestosleepinthisplace oneneverwakesup TheLandofBeulah alushgardenareajustthissideoftheRiverofDeath TheRiverofDeath thedreadfulriverthatsurroundsMountZion deeperorshallowerdependingonthefaithoftheonetraversingit TheCelestialCity the DesiredCountry ofpilgrims heaven thedwellingplaceofthe LordoftheHill God ItissituatedonMountZion KnowledgeGainedthroughTravelKnowledgeisgainedthroughtravelbyportrayingChristianandhiscompanionslearningfromtheirmistakesontheirjourney Pilgrimagedependsontravel andsoapilgrimmustbeavoyagerpreparedtogofarandwide TheImportanceofReadingEmphasizedthroughoutThePilgrim sProgressbecausethepilgrimsreachsalvationandhappinessbyunderstandingtheBible ThepilgrimswhohavenotreadanddonotunderstandtheBibleareviewedasdisappointments whowillnotgainentrytotheCelestialCity TheValueofCommunityThevalueofcommunityisportrayedinPartIIthroughChristian sjourneytotheCelestialCitywithherchildrenandafewothercompanions Asaresult Christianexperiencespilgrimage朝圣itselfasacommunal社会 共同的activity Theme Analysis ThePilgrim sProgress theCityofDestruction毁灭城 theSloughofDespond绝望泥潭 theVanityFair名利场 DoubtingCastle怀疑城堡 theDelectableMountains快乐山 theCelestialCity天国城 具有寓意性质的地名 具有寓意性质的人名 Faithful Malice怨恨 Bradman恶人 Pickthank拍马 Superstition Envy JudgeHate good恨善法官 Truth 对当时社会现实生活作了相当广泛的批判性描述 Analysis ThePilgrim sProgressThoughanallegory itscharactersimpressthereaderlikerealpersons Inreality theCelestialCityinThePilgrim sProgressisthevisionofanidealhappysocietydreamedbyapoortinkerinthe17thcentury Thetraveler snameisChristian andherepresentseveryChristianinhumanworld Thefigures人物andplacesChristianencountersonhisjourneystandforthevariousexperienceseveryChristianmustgothroughinthequestforsalvation Bunyan slanguage 1 Bunyan slanguageischieflyplainandcolloquialandquitemodernincomparisonwiththatofthewritersoftheRenaissance 2 Hislanguageisclear vivid natural homely 朴实的 fluent musicalandpowerful Andbecauseofhisconcreteandlivinglanguage carefullyobservedandvividlypresenteddetails eventheleasteducatedreaderscanreadhisnovelsandenjoyit 3 Hepavedthewaynotonlyinlanguagestylebutalsoinwritingtechniqueofnovels forthenovelistsofthe18thcentury Allegoryisafictionalliterarynarrativeorartisticexpressionthatconveysasymbolicmeaningparalleltobutdistinctfrom andmoreimportantthan theliteralmeaning Ithasalsobeendefinedasanextendedmetaphor Thesymbolicmeaningis usuallyexpressedthroughpersonificationsandothersymbols Relatedformsarethefable 尤指动物为角色的短寓言故事 andtheparable 尤指圣经的寓言故事 whicharedidactic comparativelyshortandsimpleallegories Allegory Allegory TheartofallegoryreacheditsheightduringtheMiddleAges especiallyintheworksoftheItalianpoetDanteandtheEnglishpoetGeoffreyChaucer andduringtheRenaissance OneofthegreatestofallallegoriesisPilgrim sProgressbyJohnBunyan aprosenarrativesymbolicallyconcerningthesearchforspiritualsalvation TypesofAllegory 1 ClassicalallegoryInclassicalliteraturetwoofthebest knownallegoriesarethecaveinPlato sRepublic BookVII andthestoryofthestomachanditsmembersinthespeechofMeneniusAgrippa Livyii 32 InLateAntiquityMartianusCapellaorganizedalltheinformationafifth centuryupper classmaleneededtoknowintoanallegoryoftheweddingofMercuryandPhilologia withthesevenliberalartsasguests Capella sallegorywaswidelyreadthroughtheMiddleAges TypesofAllegory 2 MedievalallegoryMedievalthinkingacceptedallegoryashavingarealityunderlyinganyrhetoricalorfictionaluses Theallegorywasastrueasthefactsofsurfaceappearances TypesofAllegory 3 ModernallegorySincemeaningfulstoriesarenearlyalwaysapplicabletolargerissues allegoriesmaybereadintomanystories sometimesdistortingtheirauthor sovertmeaning Forinstance manypeoplehavesuggestedthatTheLordoftheRingsisanallegoryfortheWorldWars inspiteofJ R R Tolkien semphaticstatementintheintroductiontothesecondedition Itisneitherallegoricalnortopical Icordiallydislikeallegoryinallitsmanifestations andalwayshavedonesosinceIgrewoldandwaryenoughtodetectitspresence Wheresomerequirementsof realism initsflexiblemeanings aresetaside allegorycancomemorestronglytothesurface asintheworkofBertoldBrechtononehand orontheotherinsciencefictionandfantasy whereanelementofuniversalapplicationandallegoricalovertonesarecommon aswithTheChroniclesofNarnia 人生 朝圣者们的艰辛历程人 天路的朝圣者基督寻求救赎的朝圣历程 人类摆脱世界烦恼和焦虑 追求美好永恒未来的过程 Symbolism SymbolsHousesCertainlymanyhousesinthebookareplacesofimprisonment placeswheremovementisdeniedandsalvationrejected GiantDespair sDoubtingCastleexemplifiesahousethatthwarts阻挠pilgrims movementforwardbyholdingthemhostage人质 Christian sCertificateChristian scertificate ortherollthathereceivesfromtheoneofthethreeShiningOnesafterlosinghisburden symbolizesChristian sfirstaccomplishmenttowardsalvation GatesGatestestspiritualfaithandcommitment ToreachtheCelestial