2010年高考英语学法指导与语法难点.doc

2010年高考英语学法指导与语法难点 高三英语学法指导与语法难点（二） 一 关于英语总复习的几点建议 （一）学会自主学习 所谓自主学习，就是学生具有学好英语的欲望，在老师的指导下能自己确定目标，自己安排进程，自己设计活动，自己寻找材料，自己监督自己，自己总结经验。课上课下听老师的话是对的，但要有主动性，作学习的主人。 坚持实践第一，以使用英语为主。简明扼要地对学过的知识进行归纳总结是必要的，但决不能用很多的时间去钻研语法规则。应该把大部分时间用在阅读、写作和听力的练习上，即应用语言上，尤其要加大和突出阅读的训练。使用英语的能力是在使用英语的实践中产生和提高的，并不是靠老师给讲会的。English is best learnt when always used in meaningful communication.学习英语要坚持模仿为主，理论分析为辅，不要过分钻研为什么。有的同学在学习英语时，采取”君子动口不动手”的态度，一味在那里琢磨理论，而不是抓紧时间动手写写，找出文章赶紧看看或打开录音机听听。这样的同学最终使用英语的能力不会有大的提高。 （二）抓好基础题 无论什么考试，基础的东西都是最重要的。英语高考也不例外。考生应努力做到保证拿到基础题的分，力争难题的分。在复习中，一定要结合实际情况安排练习的难度。如果水平不是很高，就一定要以练习基础题为主，不要嫌容易，不要跟别人攀比。要把基础词汇、基本句型弄扎实，要做到懂、会、熟。越临近高考越要降低难度 。有人以为做多难的练习就能达到多高的水平，其实并不是这样，这也取决于原来的基础。 （三）把考试大纲上的词汇表掌握好。 词汇表是高考命题的基础，是应该重点掌握的词汇。词汇表上的许多名词可归类为阅读词汇，这类词知道意思，会拼写即可。但动词、介词、连词及其他常用名词等则必须做到四会。学习词汇表不要照搬词典，词典的解释太繁杂了，高考用不上。 （四）重视总结做题规律和扩大知识面。 背诵短文，例句，甚至例题好处甚多。天天练，最终会见成效，但不要渴望迅速成功，因为语言的提高是慢工夫。停一天等于前三天白练。只有那些坚持不懈，埋头苦干，永不退缩的人才有希望到达光辉的顶点。 二 语法知识易错点 1. it, that, one, the one, the ones, those My pen was lost. I cannot find it. （同一物体） My pen was lost. I have to buy a new one. （同类不同一） The population of Shanghai is much larger than that of Tianjin. （不可数名词） This pen is not the one I lost yesterday. （特指） The pens are not the ones I lost yesterday. The pens are not those I lost yesterday. 误句：The weather in Beijing is much colder than the one in Shanghai. 正句：The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Shanghai. 2. each, either, both, neither, every, all Trees are planted on either/each side of the street. Trees are planted on both sides of the street. Trees are planted on every/each side of the square. Trees are planted on neither side of the street. Trees are planted on all sides of the square. 误句：You can tie the horse to every of the two trees. 正句：You can tie the horse to either of the two trees. 3. any, either I have three books and you can choose any one. I have two books and you can choose either one. 误句：-When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or Sunday? -Any day is OK with me. 正句：-When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or Sunday? -Either day is OK with me. 4. another, the other, the others, others Another student came in. I have two brothers. One is a teacher. The other is a doctor. Suppose there are 50 students. Some students (20) are playing football on the playground. Others (20) are doing their homework in the classroom. The other students (30) are playing football on the playground. The others (30) are playing football on the playground. 5. none, nothing, nobody, neither 1) -How many students are there in the classroom? -None. 2) -How much money do you have? -None. 3) -Is there anybody in the classroom? -Nobody. 4) -Is there anything in the room? -Nothing. 5) -Would you please lend me some ink? -Sorry, but I have none left myself. 6) I want neither of the two books. I want none of the three books. 误句：-What do you want? -None. 正句： 1) -What do you want? -Nothing. 2) -Of the three things, which do you want? -None. 6. 反身代词应注意以下几点。 1) I myself think 2) Help yourself! 请随便吃吧 3) Make yourself at home!别客气 4) Dont upset yourself.别自寻烦恼 5) make oneself heard/ understood I couldnt make myself heard above the noise.声音被淹没了。 6) between ourselves, do you think 私下里说 7) In itself, his illness is nothing to worry about.就疾病本身而言，没什么可担心的。 8) He is not quite himself today.他感到不舒服 9) by oneself = alone, without help 单干、无人帮忙 10) for oneself 为 You have the right to decide for yourself. 11) of oneself 自动地 The light went out of itself. 7. 代词的其他注意事项： 1) this, that My plan is like this: firstsecondthird He was ill. Thats why he didnt come. 2) much, many 3) some, any 4) it可以指代分不清性别的小孩 Is it a boy or a girl? 5) she, he也可以用于月亮、太阳、轮船或动物拟人化。 China is our motherland and she is the most beautiful country in the world in my opinion. 6) you, he and I, you and I, ladies and gentlemen 8. 数词 1) 大于某数 more than 20 years, over thirty, above twenty degrees 2) 小于 less than ten days, fewer than 50 people, children under 7 3) 至少 at least 10 dollars, no less than 100 people 4) 大约 about three days, around 2 oclock, two miles or so 5) 至多 not more than 5 rooms, at most ten days 6) 仅有 no more than 1 year, only 2 years 7) 倍数 This ruler is twice/three times longer than that one. This ruler is twice/three times as long as that one. This ruler is twice/three times the length of that one. 误：This box is as three times heavier as that one. 正：This box is three times as heavy as that one. 9. 数字+形容词+名词 Its a five-foot-deep hole. The hole is five feet deep. Its a hole five feet deep. 误句：Its a three-meters-long table. 正句：Its a three-meter-long table. 10. 形容词，副词的比较级和最高级 busy-busier-busiest hot-hotter-hottest important-more important-most important good-better-best many/much-more-most bad/ill-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest little-less-least far-farther/further-farthest/furthest badly-worse-worst well-better-best 11. 形容词需要注意以下几点： 1) 只能做定语的形容词有：live, main, chief; My main purpose is to help you here. 2) 只能做表语的形容词有：alone, alike, awake, asleep, lit, content He is alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 3) 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序依次是：冠词（所有格；指示词；数词）；品质；大小长短；形状；新旧；颜色；产地；材料；用途；例如： a beautiful little round red Chinese wooden public readin