英语阅读理解专题推理判断题解题技巧.ppt

welcome ReadingComprehension InferenceQuestions 阅读理解专题 推理判断题 东莞市光明中学高三英语科组易文辉 推理判断题 推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题 既要求考生透过文章表面信息推测文章隐含意思 又要求考生对作者的态度 意图及文章细节的发展做出正确的推理判断 解答该类题时 学生一定要力求从作者的角度去考虑 千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法而主观臆断 绝不可空穴来风 无中生有 一定高根据作者的字里行间来推测 Readbetweenthelines 做推理判断题时要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息 即某些关键词或短语去分析 推理 判断 利用逆向或正面推理 从而推断出对应信息所隐含的深层含义 若对全文信息进行推断 则有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上 整合与题目相关的有用信息 综合起来去推理判断 从而确定最佳结论 07 08广东高考阅读理解推理判断题 阅读推理判断题 推断题分类 要求考生根据文章的某个句子 段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理 推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实 旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力 这类试题的题干中常含infer 推断 suggest 暗示 imply 暗示 indicate 暗示 conclude 得出结论 belikelyto 等词语 名师指津 解答这类题时 首先通过寻读找到相关信息点 然后研读 理解相关信息点的字面意义 结合语境和常识 在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断 从而理解作者的言外之意 选择答案时 注意排除以下干扰项 以便缩小选择范围 1 原文信息的简单重复 而非推断出来的结论 考生易误选 2 推理过度的片面结论 3 与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等 4 符合考生已有常识 但文章中没有信息支持 考生易误选 解题技巧 通过寻读法 迅速找到相关的信息点 根据文章的字面意义 由表及里 由浅入深的推理 判断 一定要做到 2 技巧点拨 1判断有据 推论有理 忠实原文2 全面分析 不可断章取义 切忌片面思考3 善于揣摩作者思路 尽可能与作者的思路吻合 1 Questionforms Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat ismostlikely Whenthewritertalksabout whatthewriterreallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimpliesthat Wecaninfer concludefromthepassagethat 这类题干中通常含有infer suggest imply conclude等标志性词语 一 如何推断隐含意义 考点击破阅读下列短文或段落 从每题所给的A B C和D项中 选出最佳选项 1 2009年广东卷 Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass Everyoneintheclassmadeaposter Someofususedpartsofthosefancypapernapkins whileothersusednothingbutcoloredconstructionpaper Someofuswouldwanderpastthegoodstudents desksandthenreturntoourownprojectswithagrowingsenseofhopelessness Itwasyetanothergrown uptrickofthesorttheyseemedespeciallyfondof makingallofusbelievewehadafairchance andthenalways always rewardingthesameoldwinners IbelieveIdrewasailboat butIcan tsaythatwithanycertainty Imadeit Iadmiredit IdeterminedittobetheverybestofallofthepostersIhadseen andthenIturneditin Minutespassed Noonecamealongtogivemethegrandprize andIprobablyneverwouldhavethoughtaboutthatposteragain Iwasstillsittingatmydesk thinking whatposter Whentheteachergavemeanenvelopewithaten dollarbillinitandeveryoneintheclassapplaudedforme 50 Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor enjoyedgrown uptricksverymuchB lovedpostercompetitionsverymuchC feltsurprisedtowinthecompetitionD becamewiseandrichafterthecompetition 1 C 由 anothergrown uptrickofthesort always always rewardingthesameoldwinners 这是大人特别爱玩的一个把戏 好象给每个人一个平等的机会 最后得奖的却总是 总是那相同的几个人 Ican tsaythatwithanycertainty 我没有把握 和 Iwasstillsittingatmydesk thinking whatposter 我坐在座位上想 谁的广告会得奖呢 等可推断出 作者对自己得奖还是惊讶的 2 2009年全国II卷 Iknowwhatyou rethinking pizza Forbreakfast Butthetruthisthatyoucanhavelastnight sleftoversinthemorningifyouwantto Iknowlotsofwomenwhoskipbreakfast andtheyhaveatonofdifferentexcusesfordoingit Somesaytheydon thavetime othersthinkthey re saving calories 热量单位 卡 stillothersjustdon tlikebreakfastfood Butthebottomlineisthateatinginthemorningisveryimportantwhenyou retryingtoloseweight Andevenpizzacanbehealthyifit sloadedwithvegetables andyousticktoonesmallpiece 42 Whatcanweinferfromthetext A Workingwomenusuallyhavebreakfastinahurry B Manypeoplehavewrongideasaboutbreakfast C Therearesomeeasywaysofcookingameal D Eatingvegetableshelpssaveenergy 2 B 第二段谈到许多人以各种不同借口不吃早餐 可见他们对吃早餐有错误认识 3 2009年四川卷 Pedestriandeathswentdownby12 from5 449in1996to4 784in2006 Butamongthosein2006 471werekilledincrosswalks downslightlyfrom488tenyearsearlier theNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration NHTSA says 59 ThereportfromNHTSAsuggeststhat A fewerpeoplewereinjuredincrosswalksB crosswalksafetyhasbeengreatlyimprovedC muchhasbeendonetoreducetrafficaccidentsD pedestriandeathsincrosswalksremainaseriousproblem 3 D 由But后的数字可知 行人死亡问题依然严重 4 2008年湖北卷 AnotherchallengeMargarethastofaceisthereactionofotherpeoplewhenshetellsthemwhatshedoesforaliving Theythinkyou reacleanerbecauseyoudon tknowhowtoreadandwrite saidMargaret IusedtothinkwhatmyparentswouldsayiftheyknewwhatI dbeendoing butIdon tthinkthatwayanymore Idon tdisliketheworkthoughIcan tsayI mmadaboutit 64 TheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphimpliesthatMargaret sparentswould A helpcareforherchildrenB regretwhattheyhadsaidC showsympathyforherD feeldisappointedinher 4 D 字面意思 我以前常常想 如果我父母知道我是做清洁工 他们会说什么 但是我现在不这样想了 虽然说不上特别喜欢这份工作但也不是不喜欢这份工作 根据常识和前面两句话 不难推知 父母知道我一直做的是清洁工会对我感到失望的 5 2008年天津卷 Askids myfriendsandIspentalotoftimeoutinthewoods Thewoods wasourpart timeaddress destination purpose andexcuse Wesometimestoldourselvesthatwhatweweredoinginthewoodswasexploring Exploringwasamorepopularideabackthenthanitistoday Historyseemedtobemostlyaboutexplorers Ourexplorations though seemedtohavelesssystemthanthehistorickind somethingusuallycameupalongtheway Saywestayedinthewoods throwingrocks shootingfrogs pickingblackberries digginginwhatwewerebrieflypersuadedwasanItalianburialmound 52 WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2 A Theactivitiesinthewoodswerewellplanned B Humanhistoryisnottheresultofexploration C Explorationshouldbeasystematicactivity D Theauthorexploredinthewoodsaimlessly 5 D 由第二段第三句 但是我们的探索与历史上的相比不够系统 有些东西通常都是在沿途中偶然出现的 基本可知 作者探索是aimlessly 漫无目的 再根据Say forexample 后面举的例子可以进一步确定 正确选项是D Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle 1分钟 Thesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople Practice 1 passage1 SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge todayonlytwoexist Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison orbuffalo Atonetime herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison A liveoutsidetheUnitedStatedandCanadaB arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC existedbeforetheIceAgeD havebeenkilledorhavediedout 2 Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine Doyouknowwhatismeantby Takeonlyasdirected Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem Toreducepain taketwotabletswithwater followedbyonetableteveryeighthours asrequired Fornight timeandearlymorningrelieftaketwotabletsatbedtime Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty fourhours Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold givehalftheamount Forchildrenundersixyearsold askyourdoctor sadvice Reducetheamountofifyousufferfromrestlessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine Itcanbeinferredfromthedirectionsthatthismedicine A helpsyoutofallasleepquicklyB maybedangeroustosmallchildrenC cannotbetakenifonefeelssleepyD shouldn tbetakenbychildrenundersix B Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience bytestingandprovinganidea orbyreasoning Wecanachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning it snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco workers Unfortunately passivelearninghasaseriousproblem Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittletimemorethanhearsayandrumour 谣言 08天津 Whatcanweinferfromthepassage A Activelearningislessimportant B Passivelearningmaynotbereliable C ActivelearningoccursmorefrequentlyD Passivelearningisnotfoundamongscholars Malaria theworld smostwidespreadparasitic 寄生虫 disease killsasmanyasthreemillionpeopleeveryyear almostallofwhomareunderfive verypoor andAfrican Fordecades thefirst choicetreatmentformalariaparasitesinAfricahasbeenchloroquine achemicalwhichisverycheapandeasytomake Unfortunately inmostpartsoftheworld malariaparasiteshavebecomeresistanttoit Successfulalternativesthathelppreventresistancearealreadyavailable buttheyhavebeeninshortsupplyandareveryexpensive Ifthesedrugs shouldfail nobodyknowswhatwouldcomenext 07广东 Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat A nodrugshavebeenfoundtotreatthediseaseB thealternativetreatmentisnoteasilyavailabletomostpeopleC malariahasdevelopeditsabilitytoresistparasitesD nobodyknowswhatwillbethedrugtotreatthedisease Itwasawintermorning justacoupleofweeksbeforeChristmas2005 Whilemostpeoplewerewarminguptheircars Trevor myhusband hadtogetupearlyridehisbikefourkilometersawayfromhometowork Onarrival heparkedhisbikeoutsidethebackdoorasheusuallydoes Afterputtingin10hoursofalabor hereturnedtofindhisbikegone Thebike ablackKona18speed wasouronlytransport Trevorusedittogettowork puttingin60 hourweekstosupporthisyoungfamily Andthebikewasalsousedtogetfactories savingusfromhavingtowalklongdistancesfromwherewelive 全国 Wecaninferfromthetextthat A thecoupleworked60hoursaweekB peoplewerebusybeforeChristmasC thestrangerbroughtoverthebikeD lifewashardfortheyoungfamily Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit Sodohumans Whenyouseeanappleorapieceofchocolateyouknowthatthesearethingsyoucaneat Youcanalsouseothersenseswhenyouchooseyoufood Youmaylikeitbecauseitsmellsgoodorbecauseittastesgood Youmaydislikesometypesoffoodbecausetheydonotlook smellortasteverynice Differentanimalsusedifferentsensestofindandchoosetheirfood Afewanimalsdependononlyoneoftheirsenses whilemostanimalsusemorethanonesense 全国 Wecaninferfromthetextthathumansandanimals A dependononesenseinchoosingfood B arenotsatisfiedwiththeirfoodC choosefoodinsimilarwaysD eatentirelydifferentfood Imagineyou reatapartyfullofstrangers You renervous Whoarethesepeople Howdoyoustartaconservation Fortunately you vegotathingthatsendsoutenergyattinychipsineveryone snametag Thechipssendbackname job hobbies andthetimeavailableformeeting whatever Makingnewfriendsbecomessimple Thishasn tquitehappenedinreallife ButtheworldisalreadyexperiencingarevolutionusingRFIDtechnology WhenMarconiinventedradio hethoughtitwouldbeusedforship to shorecommunication Notforpopmusic WhoknowshowRFIDandrelatedtechnologieswillbeusedinthefuture Here sawildguess Notforbuyingmilk 湖北 ThelastparagraphimpliedthatFRIDtechnology A willnotusedforsuchmattersasbuyingmilk B willbewidelyused includingforbuyingmilk C willbelimitedtocommunicationuses D willprobablybeusedforpopmusic SincethebeginningofthespreadofAIDSin1981 about11 7millionpeoplehavediedofit Itisroughlycalculatedthatin1997alone about2 3millionpeoplediedofit Nevertheless therearefreshreasonsforoptimisminthebattleagainstAIDS Duringthepastfewyears therehasbeenadropinnewAIDScasesinwealthynations Inaddition promisingdrugsholdouthopeofbetterhealthandlongerlife 07湖北 Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat A promisingdrugswillsoonstopAIDSB thespreadofAIDScouldbecontrolledC itishopelesstowinthebattleagainstAIDSD thedeathrateofAIDSpatientshasbeenreduced Taylorsaid Wavesareoneofnature swaysofpickingupenergy Theresourceishuge saidJanetSwainoftheWorldwatchInstitute Wewillneverrunoutofwavepower Traditionalsourcesofenergylikeoilandgasmaysomedayrunout DemandforenergytopowerourTVSandcomputers driveourcars andheatandcoolourhomesisrisingrapidlythroughouttheworld Swainsaid Inthefuturewhenyouturnonalight anoceanwavecouldbeprovidingtheelectricity 05广东 Itcanbeinferredthatsomedaywemightnotworryabout A airpollutionB ourboattrafficC ourpowersupplyD oursupplyofseafish Astrongerargumentcomesfromresearchintoschoolresults Girlsgrowupearlierthanboys tendtobemoreorderlyandarelikelytobebetteratlanguages Inamixedclass boyswhomightdowellinasingle sexclassbecomediscouragedandtakeontheruleoftroublemaker CertainlyintheUKthissituationhasgreatlyalarmed 惊动 thegovernmentforittobeencouragingco educationalschoolstohavesomesingle sexclasses IntheUKthebestschoolsareallsingle sex stronglysuggestingthatco educationisnotthebestanswer Thismay however notbeassimpleasitlooks Itmaysimplybethatthefamousoldschoolsthatattractthebeststudentshappentobesingle sex ratherthanbeingsingle sexmakesthembetterschools Inthisparagraphthewritersuggeststhat A single sexschoolsarethebestschoolsintheUKB beingsingle sexdoesnotnecessarilymakeaschoolbetterC co educationalschoolsarebetterforbothsexesinpersonaldevelopmentD becauseboyscannotcompetewithgirlsinstudy theygotosingle sexschools 5 In1837 thehistorianCarlylemadethefirstrecordeduseoftheword queue 排队 HespokeoftheFrenchandtheir habitofstandinginaqueue FortyyearslaterPariswasthebestplacetowaitinline However queuingbecamepopularinBritaintoo TheSecondWorldWarwasthegoldenageofqueuing andpeoplejoinedanylineinthehopethatitwasaqueueforsomethingtobuy ThiswasthesourceofmanySecondWorldWarjokes Shopkeepertocustomer Excuseme miss areyoupregnant 怀孕 Customer Well Iwasn twhenIjoinedthequeue Today accordingtoresearchinAmerica we inBritain canspendupto5yearsofourlivesqueuing 2005年广东 68 ThejokeinParagraph2impliesthattheyoungwoman A hasbeenwaitinginthequeueforalongtimeB doesn tneedtostandinthequeueC enjoysstandinginthequeueD hasstoodinthewrongline A 68 ThejokeinParagraph2impliesthattheyoungwoman A hasbeenwaitinginthequeueforalongtimeB doesn tneedtostandinthequeueC enjoysstandinginthequeueD hasstoodinthewrongline A 6 Manypeoplenolongerhavethepatiencetostandinaqueue Onewaytomakelifeeasieristointroduce queuemanagement Customersatsupermarketcheesecounterscannowtakeaticketwithanumberwhichappearsonascreenwhenitistheirturn Andwhiletheywaitfortheirnumber theycandoabitofshopping Butsomepeoplejustlikequeuing OnemanqueuedallnightforHarrodsfamousJanuarysale andthenreturnedhomeforbreakfastatnineo clockthenextmorningwithoutgoingintotheshop 2005年广东D71 71 Wecaninferfromthepassagethat A queuemanagementdoesn tworkwellB thereisstillqueuinginEnglandC wedon tseemuchqueuinginParisD theFrenchlikequeuingmorethantheBritish B 2 Scientificexperimentscansometimesgowrongandwhentheydotheresultsmayrangefromthedisastroustothetroubling Thestorybeganin1956 Thenthingsbegantogowrong Butworsewastofollow Havingtakenoverthecountryside thenewbees withtheirdangerousstings 叮 begantoattackitsneighbors cats dogs horses chickensandfinallymanhimself Alongperiodofterrorbeganthathassofarkilledagreatnumberofanimalsandabout150humanbeings ThiswouldhavebeenbadenoughifthebeeshadstayedinBrazil Butnowtheyareonthemove headingnorthwardsincountlessmillionstowardsCentralandNorthAmerica andmovingatthealarmingspeedof200milesayear Thecountriesthatlieintheirpatharenaturallyworriedbecauseitlooksasifnothingcanbedonetostopthem 2006年广东 59 Thelastparagraphimpliesthat thebeeshavebeendriventoCentralandNorthAmericaB thebeesmaybringabouttroubleinmorecountriesC thebeesmustbestoppedfrommovingnorthD thebeesprefertoliveinBrazil B 3 Wehavetwodaughters KristenissevenyearsoldandKellyisfour LastSundayevening weinvitedsomepeoplehomefordinner Idressedthemnicelyfortheparty andtoldthemthattheirjobwastojoinMommyinansweringthedoorwhenthebellrang Theguestsarrived Iintroducedmytwodaughterstoeachofthem EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig todo overtheyoungeronebecauseshe stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt Wedoitwiththebestofintentions Butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild IwasalittleworriedthatKristenwouldfeelshewasbeingoutshined IwasabouttoservedinnerwhenIrealizedthatshehadbeenmissingfortwentyminutes Iranupstairsandfoundherinthebedroom crying Isaid Whatareyoudoing mydear Sheturnedtomewithasadexpressionandsaid Mommy whydon tpeoplelikemethewaytheylikemysister IsitbecauseI mnotpretty Isthatwhytheydon tsaynicethingsaboutmeasmuch Itriedtoexplaintoher kissingandhugginghertomakeherfeelbetter Now wheneverIvisitafriend shome Imakeitapointtospeaktotheelderchildfirst 2005年广东 59 Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat A parentsshouldpaymoreattentiontotheelderchildrenB theyoungerchildrenareusuallymoreeasilyhurtC peopleusuallyliketheyoungerchildrenmoreD adultsshouldtreatchildrenequally D 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 说明文中作者的态度 objectiveneutral 中立的 在议论文中 有 1 positive 积极的 2 negative 3 neutral 中立的 4 approval 5 disapproval 6 indifferent 7 sarcastic 讽刺的 8 critical 批评的 9 optimistic 10 pessimistic 客观的 消极的 漠不关心的 赞成的 不赞成的 乐观的 悲观的 1 Questionforms Thewriter sattitudetoward is Thewriterthoughtthat Accordingtotheauthor 2 技巧点拨 根据作者的措辞 尤其注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词及所举的例子 才能推断出作者的弦外之音 要求考生推断作者对某人或某事物的看法或态度 常见的题干有 1 Thewriter sattitudetoward is 2 Whatistheauthor sopinionof 3 Accordingtotheauthor 解答时 要根据作者在文中的措辞 尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词及所举的例子 推断出作者的弦外之音 熟悉作者表达观点态度的词 如subjective 主观的 objective 客观的 等 名师指津 1 2009年陕西卷 Oldwives tales arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother Forexample mostofusrememberourparents tellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings Isthereanytruthintheseteachings Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking butothershavenotpassedthetestoftime Didyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes Scientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegeneration 考点击破 阅读下列短文或段落 从每题所给四个选项中 选出最佳选项 Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon tholdwater thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives tales Afterall muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated 积累 fromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare 54 Whatistheauthor sattitudetoward oldwives tales inthetext A SubjectiveB ObjectiveC DissatisfiedD Curious 1 B 由第三段的 notallofMom sadvicepassedthetest 第四段 Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsome don tholdwater thereisstill 可知作者对于 老人言 持客观态度 2 2009年浙江卷 InancientEgypt thepharaoh 法老 treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace ifhebroughtgoodnews However iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews hisheadwascutoff Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertoday sconversations OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting Aswewalkedlight heartedlyoutthedoor picnicbasketinhand asmilingneighborlookedupattheskyandsaid Ohboy baddayforapicnic Theweathermansaysit sgoingtorain Iwantedtostrikehimontheracewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches Notforhisstupidweatherreport forhissmile It snotthenewsthatmakessomeoneangry It stheunsympatheticattitudewithwhichit sdelivered 57 Inthewriter sopinion hisneighborwas A friendlyB warm heartedC notconsiderateD nothelpful 2 C 作者跟朋友正兴高采烈地要郊游 邻居却突然告知这个不好的消息 多扫兴呀 特别是邻居还smile 显得没有同情心 unsympathetic 更让作者认为邻居不 体谅 他们 3 2009年广东卷 Sireshowsinherbookadeepconcernaboutthefallofhandwritingandthefailureofschoolstoteachchildrentowritewell