最后一学期突破阅读理解.docVIP

Breaking through the reading comprehension in the last term英山一中 陈丽华Analysis of the students: Our Yingshan is a small mountainous county, total population is small , leading to fewer gifted students. At the same time, exposure to English channel is less, it is very difficult for the majority of students to learn English. Reading fear is the largest one for candidates . When they see a slightly difficult article, they have a headache or upset, as a teacher, we look this in the eyes, anxiously at heart, do make every attempt to let them love reading, from the syllabus requirements, analysis of proposition, learning method guidance, examination, training and so on, giving them brainwash to let them think, we have only a taste our teachers can understand, but our efforts have paid off., in 2011, the results of College Entrance Examination came out, there are two students in our school whose English marks are in the third and eighth, thanks to their marks of reading comprehension .Although this result compared with the ones of other schools is nothing, we still see the motivation of our efforts and direction, again believe whoever wins the reading comprehension will win the world. This term, our English group follows last years review mode ,and we would like to continue last years small brilliance, and a small breakthrough. Our approches are as follows,First, leading the students to read the syllabus, understand the requirements of the College Entrance Examination and the propositional trend.阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点， 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中的具体信息；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。其具体要求为：(1)能够读懂生词率不超过3%的短文；(2)把握短文的主要线索；(3)能够对短文内容作出简单以及抽象的判断；(4)理解短文的基本结构，了解重点段落、重点词句的含义，推测作者意图，把握文章脉络；(5)熟悉掌握实用性的文章，如：书刊、影视、产品等方面的广告、说明、通知、社评、旅游等。2012年的命题应该是结合我省的高中英语教学实际和普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，在考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能的基础上，突出考查考生的综合语言运用能力，特别是运用英语获取信息、处理信息、以及分析问题和解决问题的能力，命题会体现新课标理念，注重语言的实用性、交际性、时代性和思想性，重视真实环境中的语言理解和语言运用。阅读理解题应该会呈现出以下特点： (1) 体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛。体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、和议论文。（2） 语言地道，题型合理。所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇选材的真实性。在题型设计上，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等几大题型。 Second ,the guidance of learning ( 1) to overcome the bad habit of readingTry to develop good reading habits,and we must first overcome bad ones and often give students the alarm. 心译：读一句心译一句，句句必须借助汉语译文方能理解；指读：阅读时总是用指头或笔尖等指着句子，边移边读；逐字逐句：一字一句，字字重视，句句关心，生怕漏掉一个单词，眉毛胡子一把抓；见生即查：阅读时欲将生词各个击破，完全扫清阅读障碍，认为只要没有生词，便可洞悉文章；出声：阅读时发出声音，全篇诵读，字字句句，丝毫不拉；唇读：阅读时虽没有发出声音，但唇随句变，词带舌移，只是声带未颤，声音未出；默读：没有出声，也没有唇动舌移，但目光、意识仍在逐句念诵。 以上不良习惯要么会打断阅读思维的连贯性，要么会破坏对文本的整体理解，而它们最大的害处就是降低了阅读速度，拿高考来说，共有五篇文章，合理的时间分配是35分钟，再分配到每一篇就只有7分钟了(当然考生可以根据文章难易稍做调整)；罕有学生在35分钟内高质量完成五篇文章；有的同学用了50分钟，有的多达一个小时，还不算上复查的时间。常听到同学抱怨“其实试题并不难，只是时间不够”，这正是阅读的不良习惯使然。拿高考来说，共有五篇文章，合理的时间分配是35分钟，再分配到每一篇就只有7分钟了(当然考生可以根据文章难易稍做调整)；罕有学生在35分钟内高质量完成五篇文章；有的同学用了50分钟，有的多达一个小时，还不算上复查的时间。常听到同学抱怨“其实试题并不难，只是时间不够”，这正是阅读的不良习惯使然。(2)emphasize the correct procedures Ask students to use the following steps to solve a problem.I hope they can be in contrast with their situations,as soon as possible to correct the wrong methods of problem solving,so as to improve their reading efficiency. 第一步：通读 即“skim” (read quickly to get the main ideas ) 。通读采用的是速读法，同学们大可不必在这一环节花费掉过多的时间，在几秒钟内达到以下目的即可， A识别文体，掌握结构 B了解文章的主旨大意 第二步：读题 即浏览短文后面试题。在仔细阅读试题的提干和四个选项以后，了解该题的题型和考查内容，然后带着问题有目的地复读短文，这样就能在阅读过程中加快速度、集中思想，敏锐地捕捉到与题目相关的信息，从而有的放矢地找到答案。 第三步：复读 即“scan” (read quickly without careful reading, often looking for a particular thing, such as facts, names, time, figures, etc)。复读采用的是跳读法，同学们应按照试题要求，有针对性地从文章中迅速找出所需要的关键信息。需要注意的是，完成一篇高考阅读理解题的主要时间分布都应放在第二、三步上面。因为在高考英语的考场上，我们的目的就是做对题，而不是欣赏文章，所以从头到尾地看文章反而显得不那么必要了。 第四步：核查 对那些在第一遍做题时感觉把握不大或难度较高的题目，尤其是概括归纳题、作者意图题或推理题等，可以在最后根据全文及各题答案反复思考、认真比较，观察所选答案与原文在意思、时态、单复数是否一致，是否符合逻辑。而对细节题、词汇题、指代题和图形题等，不能仅凭自己的主观臆想，而是要在原文中的相关段落找到根据，才能做到准确无误。这一点，在完成词汇题时尤其要注意。( 3) master the strategy, invincible阅读理解无论从难度还是从分数所占比重都应该受到学生的重视，要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系。 1正确处理好“快”与“准”关系在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量提高阅读速度，而不是单纯地追求阅读速度。这样对文章的理解就会非常清晰，哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不准的心里也就有了底。然后对自己拿不准的题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。2正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选择答案的关系高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。结构复杂、修饰语叠缀、信息容量大的句子在新课标的试卷中频频出现，有时一个句子占几行甚至一个自然段。这就造成了理解的困难，而且也增加了学生的心理压力。为此，建议大家对这些拦路虎加以正确区分对待：与题目无关，不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反，那些和题目相关的长难句，我们就要首先分析其类型(是带有较多成分的简单句，还是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多个插入成分的句子)，然后理清句子成分，去除干扰成分，抓住句子主干，这样就能准确把握句子的意义。对待生词也应该采取同样的方法，首先看看生词是否与题目、文章的大意有关，如果是题目要求所必需的，我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境，以及和下文的联系，推测生词的含义，否则就忽略它。 3正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系我们在做题时，没有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重点理解与题目有关的信息就可以了。这就要求学生在答题时，最好先大体浏览一下文后的题目，确定主攻方向，然后带着问题阅读文章，特别要关注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉络，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息。然后针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的段落、句子或词汇。4所选有据，忠实原文，避免主观做题时，我们必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法当作原文或作者的观点。同时，符合原文的答案是正确答案但不一定就是最佳答案，阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。 Third, the teaching time and content design我们高三英语组群策群力，集中集体的力量，利用各种渠道，搜罗各种好题和新题，每个人准备一种类型的题目，它们分别是人物传记型、故事记叙型、新闻报道型、广告应用型、文化教育型、史地常识型、社会生活型、科普知识型文章，将以上篇章重新组合成五篇一套的试卷，每周最少抽出两节课进行限时阅读，试卷做完，收上来全批全改，下节课点评和评讲，评讲时要点学生用一俩句话说出文章的主旨大意，以防部分不认真的学生根本不看文章，一气乱选，还要及时地得到学生的反馈，试题的难易和好坏，以期进行下次的调整。对选题选得好的老师，每周给予小小的奖励，并鼓励老师进行新题预测。 There are two examples to share with you. （一） There has been an outpouring of love for, a 23-year-old disabled woman whose dog was killed in front of her while a groomer (美容师) tried to trim (修剪) its claws. Calls and emails came from as far away as the Upper Peninsula and Arizona as well as Oakland and Macomb counties, offering Laurie Crouch, who uses a wheelchair because of multiple sclerosis (硬化症), everything from dogs to money, such as that from Jason Daly of Roseville who said, “I would like to buy her a new dog.”A story about the death of Crouchs pet, Gooch, was printed on the front page of Macomb Daily. Crouch said a groomer tied Gooch up with a collar, and then she and a man sat on the dog to trim its nails. Gooch died after one claw was trimmed.Crouch yelled at the groomer to stop when she saw Gooch was struggling to breathe, but she said she was ignored.“If I could have walked, I would have put my hands on her and pulled her off my dog and physically stopped her, but I cant do that.” Gooch was not a trained service animal, but naturally helped Crouch by picking up things for her.“This case is absolute animal abuse (虐待)，” Larry Obrecht, division manager of the Oakland County Animal Shelter in Auburn Hills, said.People who read the story contacted Oakland Press to offer help. A message, from Rebecca Amett of Giggles N Wiggles PuppyRescue, in Roseville, said, “We have puppies to donate and want to help the young woman who lost her service dog.”“When Gooch was with me, I was happy，” Crouch said. “I think I can be happy again but no animal can replace Gooch. Theres never going to be another Gooch out there but I think I will find a dog that can bring me joy again.”()1.What does the passage mainly tell us?AA disabled womans service dog.BA cruel groomer killed a disabled womans dog.CPeoples love for a disabled woman who lost her dog.DA disabled woman loves to have the dog as company()2.People called and emailed to _.Agive their angry voice to the groomerBoffer help and care to Laurie CrouchCtell Crouch how to punish the groomerDoffer a cure for Crouchs disease()3.Gooch died mainly because _.Athe groomer was carelessBthe groomer didnt know how to trim the dogs nailsCthe groomer sat on the dog with another manDthe dog was wearing a collar()4.What do we know about Crouchs dog?AIt was a specially trained service dog.BIt was trained to do many things for people.CIt was Crouchs only friend.DIt could offer some help to Crouch.()5.We can infer from the passage that _.ACrouch must be sad after losing her dog BCrouch refused to take another dogCCrouch has accepted another dog from a strangerDCrouch can live well without a dogs company解析】 一位23岁的残疾女士，她的狗被宠物美容师压死以后，人们纷纷打电话或者发电子邮件安慰她，并表示愿意为她提供帮助。1C主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，文章主要叙述了人们对这位失去爱狗的残疾女士的关爱。2B细节理解题。从文章第二段everything from dogs to money, such as that from Jason Daly of Roseville who said, “I would like to buy her a new dog.”和倒数第二段可知B为正确选项。3C细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，宠物美容师和另外一个人坐在狗身上最终导致狗窒息而死。4D细节理解题。从文章第四段可知，Gooch虽然没有经过特殊训练，但能够为Crouch捡东西，给她提供一些帮助。5A推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知，Crouch认为没有狗会替代她原来的狗，因此推断狗死了以后，她很伤心。 （二） Grace Kane hangs onto an Olympic dream of clinging to a granite (花岗岩) wall by her fingertips 70 feet from the ground. The fearless girl is only 10, but already has scaled great heights in the sport of rock climbing. Last week, Kane won a bronze in the 11andyounger sport class at the USA Climbing Youth National Championships in Atlanta. She was the only competitor of the 31 there with no climbing coach or topflight facilities in which to train. Climbing will become an exhibition at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics in Brazil. The hope of enthusiasts is that the sport will gain full status in 2020.“Im already training for that，” saidKane.“Climbing is my passion, my love, and I want to make something of it.”Her dad took her to climb rocks on her fourth birthday for the first time and today he cant keep up with her.“Its the freedom to let loose，” she said. “When Im up there, Im so focused and dont hear anything. I always feel comforted knowing people are supporting me.”The bronze in Atlanta qualified Kane for the USA team and Novembers International Championships in Ecuador. Thats a trip she might have to miss because its too expensive.Kane held a backyard music concertshe played the guitar and the piano and wrote inspirational songsand raised $600 for her $1,500 trip to Atlanta. Shes also beensponsored by a shoe company, but must rely heavily on donations from family and friends for travel expenses.Her mom Heather Kane said the family has chosen “to do whatever we need to help her achieve her goals”One of Graces biggest challenges is finding balance in her life. Theres school, her music and church to fit around climbing.“Climbing is going to mean sacrificing things other kids might pursue，” Grace said. “But it doesnt bother me. Its like playing the piano; you cant take a break or youll lose your touch.”()1.What would be the best title of the passage?ARock climbing gains popularityBGrace Kane likes challengesCA young climber follows her dreamDAn amazing victory for a young rock climber()2.We can learn from the second paragraph that rock climbing _.Ais not an exhibition at the Olympics nowBis an official event at the Olympics nowCis not open to childrenDwill gain full status in 2020)3.Which of the following is TRUE about Grace Kane?AShe is only interested in rock climbing.BShe is a girl with many talents.CRock climbing has