英语应用能力考试语法.doc

语法讲座合集原则一:语法一致谓语动词和及其主语在语法形式上必须一致,即:主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数形式.$英语应用能力考试语法讲座（一）主谓一致专题练习1. Neither of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; was D. are; is2. Some of the oranges _ turned bad.Some of the milk _ turned sour.A. has; haveB. have; has C. has; has D. have; have3. Our League secretary and monitor _ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor _ good friends.A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are4. Most of the students _ boys. Most of the money _ spend on books.A. are; isB. is; is C. are; are D. is; are5. The policeman _ standing at the street corner. The police _ searching for him.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is6. The glasses _ mine. That pair of glasses _ my brothers.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is7. The news at six oclock _ not true. Those pieces of news _ to be broadcasted.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; areD. is; is8. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons _ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _ taking a walk in the park now.A. are; are B. is ;are C. is; is D. are; is9. Either the judge or the lawyers _ wrong. Either you or he _ to blame.A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is10. My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is11. He is one of the boys who_ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who_ never late for school.A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are D. is; is12. What they had done _ of great use to us. What they says and what he does _ agree.A. is; does not B. is; not C. are; does not D. is; do not 13. One sixth of our classmate _ from peasant families. One sixth of her time _ devoted to writing.A. comes; isB. come; is C. come; are D. comes; are14. Almost 90 percent of the students in the class _ League members. About 40% of Jims income _ to the rent.A. are; go B. are; goes C. is; goes D. is; go 15. It is this teacher who _ leaving for London. It is you who _ next.A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. is; was 16. The kind of snakes _ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _ hard to find.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is17. Many a man _ seen the wonderful film. Many men _ seen the wonderful film.A. has; has B. has; have C. have; had D. had; has18. Her clothes _ nearly worn out. His physics _ than others.A. were; are B. is; were C. are; is D. are; are19. Five hundred dollars _ more than he can afford. Three meters _ not a long distance.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is20. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hangedD. hanging21. Although many of the houses in the small town _ still in need of repair, there _ lots of improvement in their appearance.A. are, has been B. is, have been C. is, are D. are, was22. Zhangs family _ rather big and his family _ fond of popular music.A. is, areB. is, isC. are, isD. are, are23. Mary, not her parents, _ present at the party.A. are B. have C. is D. were24. Martin with his wife, both working in the same works, _ on holiday.A. are B. is C. was D. are spending25. What _ your problems a year ago _ become mine.A. were, have B. was, has C. was, have D. were, has26. That education is important to the development of a country _ clear to us all.A. is B. are C. to be D. was27. Setting fires to the public buildings _ highly dangerous and punished by law.A. are B. is C. have D. were28. It _ the James(or Frank and Jack) who _been kidnapped.A. are, have B. is, has C. is, have D. was, has29. The following(Here/There) _ some other examples.A. is B. has C. have D. are30. Whom _ this pair of glasses belong to and whose _ the glasses on the table?A. does, is B. do, are C. does, are D. do, is31. The majority of the workers _ the plan.A. agree to B. is for C. was against D. is in favor of32. Two thirds of the work _.A. has done B. are done C. were done D. has been done33. Plenty of books _ upstairs.A. had been kept B. are kept C. is kept D. are keeping34. The number of the people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were35. His “Selected Poems” _ published. These new poems _ not selected.A. have been, are B. has been, areC. has been, is D. have been, is36. _ and _ are going abroad next Thursday. Which is wrong?A. The father, son B. The singer, dancer C. A singer, a dancer D. He, I37. A _ and _ has been bought for you. Which is wrong?A. gold watch, chain B. knife, fork C. desk, chair D. pen, pencil38. _ teacher and _ student has been invited. Which is wrong?A. Many a, (many a) B. Every, every C. No, no D. Each a, (each)39. _ is all that I can spare. Which is wrong?A. More than one hour B. Many a cattleC. A pair of gloves D. One and a half days40. _ the students like the paintings. Which is right?A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody butC. The teacher besides D. All except41. The worker, _ the visitors, is to answer for the fire. Which is wrong?A. and other than B. rather than C. as well as D. no less than42. Henry, _ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?A. (together) with B. like C. and not D. but in addition to 43. A few metals _ copper and silver are called good conductor. Which is wrong?A. such as B. like C. including D. the same as44. _ White _ his sister is coming to our help. Which is wrong?A. Either, or B. Neither, nor C. Not only, but also D. Both, and45. The soldier each _ a gun. Which is wrong?A. has B. have C. have been given D. were given主谓一致总述:3类原则 & 21条法则3类原则：语法一致：12条意义一致：7条就近一致：2条原则一：语法一致谓语动词和及其主语在语法形式上必须一致，即：主语是单数形式，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数形式。1、语法一致（1/12）单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。2、语法一致 （2/12）复数主语，用and或bothand连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句做主语，语动词则用复数形式。3、语法一致 （3/12）当and连结的两个单数名词前都有冠词时，主语是指两个人或两件事，谓语动词应该用复数形式；当and后的单数名词前没有冠词时，主语是指一个人或一件事，谓语动词应该用单数形式。la cup and saucer （茶杯茶碟）lbread and butter (奶油面包)la knife and fork (一副刀叉)la cart and horse (一套马车)lthe needle and thread （针线）4、语法一致（4/12）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than, etc. 以上词语构成的短语出现在主语中心词之后，谓语仍和前面的主语保持一致。5、语法一致（5/12）有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。 6、语法一致（6/12）当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。7、语法一致（7/12）type of, kind of 结构的谓语视type与kind的单复数而定.these/those kind/type of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。8、语法一致（8/12） quantity of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式; quantities of + 可数与不可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。9、语法一致（9/12）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, all of, most of, some of, none of, plenty of , the rest of, the majority of等 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。 10、语法一致（10/12）如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。 11、语法一致（11/12）由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词)，many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如果more than后面是复数名词，则谓语动词要用复数。 12、语法一致（12/12）在“one of + 复数名词定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般被看作是修饰该复数名词的，动词要用复数形式。在“the one of + 复数名词定语从句”的结构中，定语从句修饰的是“the only one”，因而动词要用单数形式。原则二：意义一致指谓语动词和主语的一致，是由主语所表达的单、复数概念来决定的，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式。1、意义一致（1/7）有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。如果，这类词后跟有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则，强调具体成员时，谓语动词用复数，关系代词用who; 强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，关系代词用which。2、意义一致（2/7）有些表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式，如people, plice, cattle(牛的总称), poultry（家禽) 等。3、意义一致（3/7）有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。4、意义一致（4/7）用and连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。5、意义一致（5/7）表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。6、意义一致（6/7）国家、单位和书报的名称，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式。7、意义一致（7/7）the + 形容词作主语时，如主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。原则三：就近一致指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词保持一致1、就近一致（1/2）由连词or, neitheror, eitheror, not only but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。 2、就近一致（2/2）在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近一致原则。英语应用能力考试语法讲座（二）虚拟语气专题练习. Choose the correct answer.1. Jeans uncle insists _ in this hotel.A) he stays B) that he not stay C) not to stay D) staying not2. If I had been shown the dictionary, I _ able to give a better account of it now.A) should be B) be C) am D) was3. We must stop now. It is time we _ home.A) have gone B) are going C) went D) will go4. _ the smallest mistake, the successful launching of the spacecraft would have been impossible.A) Were there to be B) If there were C) Had there been D) Would there have been5. If I _ familiar with Jack, I could tell you more about him.A) were B) are C) was D) had been6. _ your advice yesterday, I would have missed the trainA)Had I not taken B) If I did not take C) If I have not taken D) I did not take 7. It was essential that the application form _ back before the deadline.A)must be sent B) be sent C) would be sent D) were sent8. They told the story as if they _ it.A)had experienced B) were experience C) have experienced D) would experience9. It is natural that an employee _ his work on time.A) finished B) finishes C) finish D) finishing 10. _ tomorrow, I should be only too glad to meet her at the bus station. A) Were she to arrive B) She was to arrive C) If she was to arrive D) She would arrive11. I wish Mark _ a little better when our visitors come.A)would behave B) has arrived C) had arrived D) will arrive12. If only he _ there in time.A) arrives B) has arrived C) had arrived D) will arrive13. It is high time you _.A) start to work B) started working C) had started to work D) would start to work14. Without electronic computer, much of todays advanced technology _.A) havent been achieved B) hadnt been achievedC) wouldnt be achieved D) wouldnt have been achieved15. She says shed rather he _ tomorrow instead of today.A) left B) leaves C) will leave D) would leave16. I wish that I _ the concert last night.A) could attend B) could have attended C) to attend D) attended 17. It was important that they _ before the curtain went up.A) arrived B) had arrived C) arrive D) have arrived18. If we _ sooner, we might have got there.A) started B) would have started C) had started D) start19. If he _ the detective honestly, he would not have been arrested.A) would have answered B) should answer C) answered D) had answered20. Had she been older, she _ less sympathetic.A) had been B) might be C) might have been D) would be21. Any man in his position _ like that.A) have done B) would have done C) would be done D) would be doing 22. Given more time and money, he _ better than what it is.A) did B) had done C) could have done D) would do23. This kind of work is hard and dangerous. But _ you would become rich.A) would you succeed B) could you succeedC) might you succeed D) should you succeed 24. Id rather you just _ in bed and _ anything for at least two weeks.A) stayed-did B) stay-dont C) stayed-dont do D) stayed-didnt do25. Since he suffered a great deal from stomachache, the doctor insisted that he _ wine any more.A)did not drink B) dies not drink C) not drink D) could not drink26. He _ ten lecture on American history, but he only gave two because of his illness.A) had given B) gave C) should have given D) must have given27. Without your encouragement and support, we _.A) should not succeeded B) would not succeedC) would have succeeded D) would not have succeeded28. I dont know, but he certainly looks _ hed lost his best friend.A) that B) as C) so that D) as if29. _ you were coming today, Id have met you at the airport.A) Have I known B) Had I known C) I have known D) I had known30. If you _ see Mr. Allen, give him my regards.A) should B) will C) would D) shall. Fill in the blanks.31. If she should have more money, she _ (dress) more fashionably.32.The traffic was very heavy, otherwise I would _ (be) 50 minutes sooner.33. The project required that more time _ (be) put in since it was so difficult.34. If you listened to the questions carefully, you _ (answer) them easily. 35.Bobby wishes that he _ (study) English instead of French when he was in high school.Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 语气: 英语中共有三种语气1.陈述语气 (indicative mood) You are very careful. 你很细心。2.祈使语气 (imperative mood) Please be careful. 请细心点。3.虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更细心些。Exercises： 请指出下列句子是何种语气1 )You must have been a beautiful baby. ( 陈述 )2) I wish you would stay a little longer. ( 虚拟 )3) “Come along with me,” said Jacky. ( 祈使 )一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的运用英语中的条件句有两种: 1)真实条件句 2)非真实条件句1.在虚拟条件句中,虚拟语气的一般表示方法(1)与现在事实相反 条件从句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + 动词过去式 (be动词的过去式一律用were)结果主句：I (we, you, he, it, they) + would + 动词原型eg. He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.(2)与过去事实相反 条件从句：If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) had + 过去分词结果主句：I (we, you, he, it, they) + would + have + 过去分词eg. If we had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train.(3) 与将来时间相反条件从句：A式：were+不定式 B式：一般过去式 C式：should+动词原型结果主句：would (should) + 动词原型eg. If she were to marry me, I would be the happiest man in the world.eg. If it rained tomorrow, we wouldnt play basketball.eg. If he should leave, we should be sad.Whats the difference? (可能性大小比较)If it were to snow,(可能性较小)If it snowed (可能性一般) tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.If it should snow (可能性较大)倒装结构: 条件句中有were, had, should, could时,可以省略if，而把该词放在主语前。这种用法主要用于书面语中 Were it necessary, I might resign. Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her. Could you meet Mary, you should not be able to recognize her.Exercises：If he had studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam. Had he studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam.虚拟语气中的主句通常是陈述句，但也可以是疑问句，感叹句或祈使句 If she had everything, would she be happy? （疑问句） If he had married Alice, how happy he would have been!（感叹句） If you were man enough, dont give up.（祈使句）Note:(1) 在同一个句子中，不能一部分表示真实条件，另一部分表示非真实条件，不然会破坏句子的一致性。 判断对错： If he is here, he would not let the matter end this way. ( F ) If he were here, he would not let the matter end this way. ( T ) If I had the book, I will lend it to you. ( F ) If I had the book, I should lend it to you. ( T )(2) 条件从句中不可用would, 否则就是语病。判断对错：If he would have come yesterday, I should have told him. （ F ）If he had come yesterday, I should have told him. （ T ）但如果表示有某种愿望，条件从句也可用would,相当于be willing to,这常表示说话人不相信主语有这种愿望。If he would lend me the money, I would buy a car.2错综时间条件句: 在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据所指的不同时间选用恰当的虚拟语气形式。If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. ( 过去 现在 )If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.( 现在 过去 )If the ship had left at noon, it would be passing through the canal now.( 过去 现在进行 )If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour. ( 过去 将来 )Exercise: 如果昨晚你不看那部电影，现在就不会眼困了。 If you hadnt watched that movi