考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析ppt版.ppt

2012年考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析 Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage Forthesechildren totheirfulladultpotential theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences A todevelopB tobedevelopedC developingD willdevelop AForthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential在句中做目的状语 thesechildren是todevelop的逻辑主语 这种主谓关系在目的状语中一般是不能用分词表示的 B中不定式被动式与句意相悖 for不是连词 故不能选D 否则语句不通 Spaceexplorationpromisestoopenupmanynewterritoriesforhumansettlement aswellas theharvestofmineralresources leadstotoleadtoleadingtoleadto Caswellas在语法功能上相当于介词 所以在句中要接动名词leadingto Someday solarpowercollectedbysatellites theearthorfissionpower 裂变能 manufacturedbymankindmaygiveusalltheenergyweneedforanexpandingcivilization circledtocirclecirclingcircles C句子的主语为solarpowerorfissionpower 谓语是maygive collectedbysatellitecirclingtheearth是后置定语修饰solarpower 其中circlingtheearth又是现在分词短语修饰satellite 环绕地球的卫星 相当于thesatellitewhichcirclestheearth 其他选择项均不符合句子语法结构要求 Inthisexperiment theyarewakenedseveraltimesduringthenight andaskedtoreportwhatthey A hadjustbeendreamingB arejustdreamingC havejustbeendreamingD hadjustdreamt C句中已给出频次状语severaltimes 说明要用完成时态 同时句子的时态定位是现在时theyarewakened 显然不能用过去完成时 所以选C Herterrorwassogreat somewheretoescape shewouldhaverunforherlife onlyifthattherehadonlybeenC thathadthereonlybeenD iftherewereonly C这是一个so that结构表示结果状语的句型 A D可以排除 在that从句中又有条件从句 而且应该是虚拟语气结构 B中没有表示条件的连词 是错误的 C虽然也没有连词if 但采用了倒装结构 可以将if省略 又是haddone 表示与过去事实相反的假设 时态 结构完全正确 因此是惟一正确的选择 Somewomen agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily mustmakeshouldhavemadeC wouldmakeD couldhavemade D这是一个含蓄虚拟句 意为 有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里 干一份工作挣得可观的工资 可是她们决定不工作 为的是照顾家庭 所以选D shouldhavemade意思是 本应该做而实际上没做 与原句意不够贴切 Alightwithnomorepowerthan byanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint sizedbeam A asisproducedB thatproducedC thatisproducedD produced B相当于Alightwithnomorepowerthanthepowerthatisproducedby that代替power 表示相比较的事物 而D中没有比较对象 故不对 as表示原级比较 不与than用在一起 故A也不正确 C中缺少that的先行词 也是错误的 Formostpeopletheseawasremote andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit letalone whatlaybeneaththesurface A askingB askC toaskD beasked Cletalone 更不用说 在用法上相当于并列连词 因此要求填入与前面一样的结构 此处是不定式 Eveniftheyareonsale these refrigeratorsareequalinpriceto ifnotmoreexpensivethan attheotherstore A anyoneB theothersC thatD theones D句子要求填一个能够代替theserefrigerators的代词 故排除A C theothers一般与另一部分相对而言 在此句中不对 所以选theones Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthas itssoilandthewaterofitslakes riversandoceans A areB isC doD has A句子后半句是倒装句 主语是复数itssoilandthewaterofitslakes riversandoceans 因为较长 所以后置 故选A Fromnowon whenanyoneinourrankswhohasdonesomeusefulworkdies soldierorcook weshouldhaveafuneralceremonyandamemorialmeetinginhishonor A nomatterheisB whetherhehasbeenC beheD whetherbehe C此句含有让步状语从句whether or 不管是 还是 采用倒装后省略连词 用原形动词 所以只能选C In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize andwashonoredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazismhewasdrivenfromGermanybecausehewasaJew A thenB andC whenD before Cwhen引导时间从句 纳粹上台的时候 他被赶出德国 then不是连词 用在句中不符合句法要求 如果选B 应为andthen before填入句中句意不通 Physicsisthepresent dayequivalentofusedtobecallednaturalphilosophyfromwhichmostofpresent daysciencearose A thatB allC whichD what D句中要求一个能够引导of介词宾语从句的连接词 所以只有what具有这个功能 thepopulationofworkingageincreasedby1millionbetween1981and1986 todayitisbarelygrowing A WhereasB EvenifC AfterD Nowthat A前后两个句子是对比关系 increased和barelygrowing 而evenif表示让步 即使 after表示时间 nowthat表示原因 故只有whereas正确 Hisfeatureswereagreeable hisbody slightofbuild hadsomethingofathleticoutline A somehowB asC thoughD somewhat Cthough表示让步 意为 虽然 全句的意思是 他的长相挺好 身体虽然瘦小 但有点儿运动员的样子 somehow 不知怎么 不知什么原因 as可以引导让步从句 但句子结构要倒装 不用于省略句 因此在此处不合适 somewhat 有几分 有点儿 没有让步意味 Bythefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury internationalcommercialtrafficvastlybeyondtoday slevels A willbeexpectedtoextendB willhavebeenexpectedtoextendC isexpectedtobeextendedD isexpectedtohaveextended D句子讲的是 人们期待到21世纪前10年时 国际性商业航空交通远远超过当今水平 人们现在就期待 而不是将来期待 所以A B是错误的 另外 表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或出现的状态 应用将来完成时 按句意 是指extend这一动作的完成 所以应该在不定式上体现出来 根据上述分析 选D符合句意要求 Weadvocatetheeconomic culturalandreligioustraditionsofallnationalminorities A torespectB toberespectedC respectingD havingrespected C动词advocate后接动名词而不接不定式做宾语 D虽然是动名词 但用其完成式在语义上讲不通 Therearetwohorsesattheendsofaropewithalltheirmightinoppositedirections A pullingB pullC pulledD topull Apulling是现在分词在句中做horses的定语 相当于whichpull TodaytheTennesseeValleyisoneoftherichestareasintheworld Butifthingsastheywereitwouldnowbeadesert A hadleftB wereleftC hadbeenleftD hadbeenleaving Chadbeenleft表示与过去事实相反的假设 如果情况还像以前那样 Aftertwentyyearsabroad Williamcamebackonlyhowhishometownwasdamagedinanearthquake A tofindoutB findingoutC tohavefoundoutD tobefindingout A不定式tofindout做结果状语 有意想不到的含义 不定式表示结果时 用其一般式即可 Relaxation freshair purewaterandcleanfood isessentialtoasoundmindandhealthybody A muchlessthanB nolessthanC nomorethanD anylessthan Bnolessthan 与 同样 重要 全句意为 放松休息 就像新鲜空气 纯净水 清洁的食品一样 是健康的身心所不可缺少的 Itisfarbettertodowellabitofworkwhichiswell alargefortune A worthytobedonethanhaveB worthdoingthantohaveC worthwhiletodothanhaveD worthyofdoingthanhave Btohavealargefortune与todowellabitofwork 是并列不定式 另外 worth worthy worthwhile在用法上的区别是 1 worth是介词 后接动名词或名词 形成介词短语 接动名词时 与主语是动宾关系 其形式是主动的 意义是被动的 如 Thebookisworthreading 2 worthy是形容词 置于be动词后或名词后面 做后位修饰语 其结构是 beworthyofdoingsth sth isworthytobedone 3 worthwhile是形容词 要与形式主语it并用 Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook worth和worthy都不能用于这种结构 Understandingtheculturalhabitofanothernation especially containingasmanydifferentsubculturesastheUnitedStates isacomplextask A oneB theoneC thatD such Aone指代前面提到的具有泛指含义的可数名词单数 在该句中指代anothernation 句中属于泛指 可见B是错误的 such指代前面讲过的整个情况 多用作主语 that指物时常用来指代不可数名词 指代可数名词时具有特指含义 Whetherornotthenextplanwillyieldanypositiveresults tobeseen A remainB remainsC isremainedD haveremained Bwhether引导名词性从句做主语 谓语动词应为单数 另外 remain一般不用被动式 所以B为正确选项 Ifeveragain happensanaccidentlikethis wewillhaveonlyourselvestoblame A itB soC thereD that C这是therebe句型的异化形式 即therebe句型中还可以用be以外的不及物动词 如live stand exist come remain等 Thestudentsweremuchencouraged achancetotalkwiththeAmericansinEnglish A togetB gottenC tohavegotD havinggot C句中不定式表示原因 学生有机会用英语与美国人交谈 很受鼓舞 所以应用不定式完成式 如果句子用的是一般现在时are 那么选A是对的 Whenapersonisinahappyframeofmind hemayagreeonthethingthathewon ttolerate whenheisnotintherightframeofmind A doingB todoC doneD tobedone Atolerate要求动名词做宾语 只能选A Recentlymanyschoolshavefacedwhatcouldbecalledthecrisisofcomprehensionor insimpleterms thephenomenonofstudentswithphonicandgrammarskillsstill unabletounderstandwhattheyread A areB tobeC beingD havebeen C动名词being做students的逻辑谓语 相当于 students beingunabletounderstandwhattheyread 整个动名词短语做of的宾语 所以只能选C I thetrainbutIoversleptthatmorning A couldcatchB mightcatchC musthavecaughtD couldhavecaught D这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句 前半部分假设 后半部分真实 因此应选couldhavecaught 意为 我本来能赶上火车的 可是那天早上我睡过头了 区别这类含蓄虚拟条件句的关键词是but Itisverykindofyoutodothewashing up butyou it A mustn thavedoneB wouldn thavedoneC mightn thavedoneD didn thavetodo Ddidn thavetodoit 不用非得洗 碗 符合句意 Ifyouhavebeengeneroustoapersonforaperiodoftime itismostlikelythatthepersonwilltakeadvantageofyourgenerosityandtradeonyour weakness becomeappreciativeofyourkindness A butnotB letaloneC ratherthanD insteadof Cratherthan表示对比 在意思上前后形成对照 takeadvantageofyourgenerosity ratherthanbecomeappreciativeofyourkindness意为 利用你的慷慨 而不是理解你的好意 另外 ratherthan在结构上起并列作用 使takeadvantage与becomeappreciative平行 Apoetmustnotwritefortheagespast butforinwhichhelivesandthosewhicharetofollow A oneB thoseC theoneD that Ctheone替代theage 还原为 butmustwritefortheageinwhichhelivesandtheageswhicharetofollow Thereisadelicatebalanceofnaturemanysquaremilesofoceanandvegetationandcleanairareneededtomaintainonlyarelativelyfewhumanbeings A whereB inwhichC whenD how Binwhich在定语从句中做状语 相当于inthebalanceofnature manysquaremilesof Therearecasesnewfactoriesarebeingputupandbeautifuloldtreesaregoingtobecutdownforanewfactory A whichB whereC thatD when Cthat引导case的同位语从句 其他连接词都不合适 Somebodyinthenextroommustbeill adoctorhasjustcomeout A becauseB forC inthatD as Bfor连接一个原因分句 对前面的推测做原因上的解释 请考生记住 无论从逻辑推理还是从语法规则上看 只要前面是表示推测的句子 后面大都用for连接后一句 而不用其他连词 Hewouldalwaysignorethefactofsuchacontradictioninhisinnerthought A theretobeB therebeingC itbeingD therehavingbeen Btherebeing做介词of的宾语 如果是介词for 则用theretobe Aconvenientwayistosetthefoodonapieceofaluminumoil totheairforhalfanhour andthencoveritwithadish A letitstayopenB letitstayedopenC lettingitstayopenD lettingitstayopened C分词短语做伴随状语 形容词open在分词短语中做补语 表示状态 不用过去分词 所以D不正确 Theyuswillinglybutthattheyhappenedtobeshortofhands too A wouldhelpB wouldhavehelpedC weregoingtohelpD musthavehelped B此句是含蓄虚拟语气句 暗含的假设条件为 iftheyhadn thappenedtobeshortofhands 故应选B Researchfindingsshowthatwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight nomatterwhatweduringtheday A shouldhavedoneB wouldhavedoneC mayhavedoneD musthavedone Cmayhavedone 不管我们白天 可能做了些什么 符合句意 shouldhavedone 本该做 但实际未做 wouldhavedone表示与过去相反的假设 musthavedone是对已发生的情况作肯定推测 Ifyouaretocatchatrain itisalwaysbettertobecomfortablyearlythanevenafractionofaminutelate A tooB veryC muchD rather A句中toolate相当于toolatetocatchthetrain 所以选其他词不合适 Thestudiesshowthatthedriverwhohasconsumedanamountofalcoholwithinthelimitislikelytohaveanautomobileaccidentthanthedriverwhodoesnottakeanyalcohol A notsoB notmuchC nolessD nomore Dnomore than 不比 更 此句意为 研究表明 喝了酒但不过量的司机可能出车祸 不喝酒的司机也同样可能出车祸 Ifsomeoneisdyingofcancerandbeggingtobeputoutofhisorhermisery andsomeonegivesthatpersonadeadlydoseofmorphine thatseemsmercifulcriminal A neverthelessB otherwiseC orelseD ratherthan Dratherthan起并列作用 使merciful与criminal形成平行结构 表示对比 Whenwearrived hefoundtheagedandthesickathome A nonebutB noneotherthanC nothingbutD nootherthan Anonebut相当于noonebut 只有 通常接表示人的词 nothingbut接表示物的词 noneotherthan和nootherthan两者的意思都是 不是别的 正是 与本题全句意思不 Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment willbeseriouslyconsideredhere A asB whileC afterD since Aas在句中是关系代词 引导非限定性定语从句 其先行词是precautions 其他几个选项都不是关系代词 所以是错误的 MostofisonAmericantelevisionareprogramsdesignedtoappealtopeoplewhogointothesupermarketsandbuytheproductsthatareadvertisedonTV A whichB thatC whateverD what Dwhat是关系代词 引导名词性从句 同时又在从句中充当一个成分 如在本句中做从句的主语 整个名词性从句做介词of的宾语 which只能引导形容词性从句 that引导名词性从句时 只是连词 whatever用在句中不通 Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanthusfar A hasgivenB wasgivenC beinggivenD hasbeengiven D时间状语thusfar 到目前为止 与现在完成时连用 据此排除B C 比较从句完整的结构应该是 thanthethoughtwhichhasbeengiventhusfar 可以把than看做关系代词在从句中做主语 也可以把主语看做是省略了 Ofgreatsignificancethenation widemovementistheKampucheanpeopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnamese A tosupportB forsupportingC supportingD ofsupporting A题句由于主语较长 采用了倒装结构 可还原为 thenation widemovementtosupporttheKampucheanpeopleintheirheroicstruggleagainsttheaggressionoftheVietnameseisofgreatsignificance movement要求不定式做定语 其他选项均不符合语法规则 Manyfarmerscametothecity jobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunitiesoflifeinthecity A lookingforB tolookforC havinglookedforD lookedfor Alookingfor 分词短语做came的伴随状语 如果选tolookfor做目的状语的话 不该有逗号 Itisrequestedthatanapplicantwhoseundergraduateworkisdoneatanotherinstitutiontwocopiesofundergraduatetranscriptsanddegreesdirectlytothedeanofthegraduateschool A mustsendB sendC aretosendD needsend B动词request要求其主语从句 宾语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词用 should 原形表示虚拟 该句中that引导的是主语从句 YouherinherofficelastFriday she sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks A needn thaveseenB mighthaveseenC musthaveseenD can thaveseen Dcan thavedone表示对已发生的情况作否定推测 一定不是 没 根据句意只能选D Afterpeoplehavelearnedthatmagnetsattractthings centuriespassed theytooknoteofthefactthatmagnetssometimesalsorepelthings A beforeB untilC afterD sinc