中学个性化高二年级英语科目教材(单元串讲讲义).docx

中学个性化学习中心Personal Study Center Of Secondary Education高二年级英语教材单元串讲讲义必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists词汇部分词语辨析1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse词形变化1. scientific adj.科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家2. valuable adj.有价值的value n. 价值value v. 估价, 评价3. instruct v. 教导， 命令instruction n. 指示，用法说明instructive adj.有益的，教育性的4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者重点单词1. conclude v. 断定， 得出结论; 结束（正式）；2. attend v. vt. 出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意 vi.专心, 留意3. expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露4. absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)贯注;吞并5. blame n过失, 责备 vt.责备, 谴责6. instruct vt .教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知7. contribute vi& vt捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿重点词组put forward 提出：提议以供考虑 in addition/ apart from 除之外;另外make sense 有意义重点句子1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .重点语法过去分词做表语和定语 【语法考点归纳】分词的概念分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等。分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征。过去分词的定语和表语功能定语表“完成”或“被动”boiled water开水fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳selected apples 精选苹果spoken English英语口语iced beer冰镇啤酒cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆条单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。Hurry up，there is only a little time left.快点，时间不多了。If you wish everything changed，please say so.你如果希望改变一切，请说明。过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Near the window，there is a bookshelf filledwith many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was broughtup by me)has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。表语当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作)语法和词汇知识1、It is you as well as your wife that _ your sons bad performance at school.Ais to be blamed for Bare to be blamed forCare to blame for Dis to blame for 2、Johnson，come and look at the sea！Its beautiful，isnt it?Absolutely！If only I _here by the sea.Ahad lived BlivedClive Dwill live3、Please _ us in the discussion.Id like to，but Im _busy at the moment.Aattend；too Bjoin；much tooCtake part in；much too Djoin；too much4、The workers will go on strike if the demands they _ put forward are turned down.Acould BwouldC/ Dhad5、_ twice a year，whether it is a car or a truck，is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.AExamining BExaminedCHaving examined DBeing examined 6、Do you like to buy the product an advertisement _ on TV?Not really. I think its better to look before we leap.Aadvises BsuggestsCannounces Dpraises7、The official involved in the scandal said he was under _ to make the false statement to the police.Acontrol BinfluenceCpressure Deffort8、_ two giraffes，Zheng He later brought zebras，shells，elephant ivory back to China after his voyages.ABesides that BExceptCIn addition DApart from9、What about saving the drowning boy from the other side of the river?In my opinion，_.Ait makes sense Bits out of the questionCits up to you Dits hard to say10、The country has acknowledged _ every means to fight against any possible attack.Ato have taken Bhave takenCto having taken Dhaving taken11、With only eight months_ until the Olympics, chefs at Beijings hotels are refining menus for visitors who will come from around the world. A. going B. gone C. being going D. to go12、_ that you are chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Olympic Games, what will you do? A. Assumed. B. To assume.C. Assuming. D. To be assumed.13、Ashley, _ such cases, is sure instantly to come up with a brilliant idea. A. experiencing B. having experiencedC. to experience D. experienced14、With the Chinese people_ as one, any attempt to separate China is bond to fail. A. unite B. unitedC. to have united D. having been united15、Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem_ all the time. A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to have got worse D. getting worse必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom词汇部分词语辨析1. divide/separate 2. puzzle/confuse3.debate/argue/discuss/quarrel 4.influence/affect/effect 词形变化1. convenience n.便利，方便,适合convenient adj.便利的,方便的conveniently adv.便利地2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的attract v. 吸引3. construct v.建造,构造,建立construction n.建筑,建设4. arrange v. 安排,协商arrangement n. 排列,安排5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地,unfair adj. 不公平的7.suggest vt.建议, 暗示suggestion n. 提议, 意见, 暗示,重点单词8. consist vi.由.组成, 在于, 一致9. clarify v.澄清, 阐明10. convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具、11. influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)12. available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,13. arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商14. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜重点词组take the place of代替,取代 break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解leave out省去,遗漏重点句子1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.2. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.重点语法过去分词做宾语补足语【语法考点归纳】英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.她回来时发现有人破门而入。(此句中过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语door之间具有被动关系，表示一种状态。)为了使同学们对过去分词作宾语补足语的用法有一个系统而又具体的认识，本文对以下几种用法进行分析并加以概括，以利于大家掌握。解释例子过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave等的后面。They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。“have+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义。表示“让某人做某事”。如:I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了修我的自行车。The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。如:My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在汽车上被偷了。The old man had his wrist broken in the accident.这位老人在事故中腕部摔坏了。在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须表示结果。I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.他们用了很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。过去分词用在want，wish，like，expect，order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。My parents expected me to be well-prepared for the entrance examination.我父母希望我好好准备入学考试。过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了，双手被反绑在后面。With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园语法和词汇知识1、The criminal _ from the two policemen who were holding him and ran away.Abroke off Bbroke awayCbroke up Dbroke down2、Dont _ important facts in your job application or youll lose a good chance.Acut out Bleave outChand out Dpoint out3、We _ the job _ five parts，and each man did one part.Adivided；into Bseparated；intoCdivided；from Dseparated；from4、Many questions were asked，particularly _ the cost of the new plan.Ain reply to Bin relation toCin act to Din addition to5、When and where will it suit your _ for our next meeting，Mr.Brown?Asatisfaction BconvenienceCneed Dappointment6、Niagara Falls is a great tourist _，drawing millions of visitors every year.Aattention BattractionCappointment Darrangement7、There is reason to believe that most writers have difficulty in _ the opening paragraphs of their papers.Aconstituting BconstructingCcomprising Dfounding8、My teachers rich knowledge of science _ my decision _ study science.Ainfluenced；to Binfluenced；onChas influenced；with Dinfluences；on9、Mr.Wang _ two boys to send the sick boy to the nearest hospital.Aarranged Bhas arrangedChad arranged for Dhas arranged for10、We regret to inform you that there are no tickets _ for Fridays performance.Aavailable BusefulCconvenient Daffordable11、_ on the MSN, some people often use “88” for “good-bye”. A. When chat B. When chattingC. When chatted D. When to chat12、My daughter_ long hours alone in her room, only coming downstairs for meals. A. took to spend B. was used to spendC. took to spendingD. used to spending13、The main question_ us at present is how to avoid job losses. A. facing B. faced C. faces with D. to face14、The discovery of new evidence has led to_. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught15、Written in a hurry, _. A. they found many mistakes in the reportB. Sam made lots of mistakes in the reportC. there are many mistakes in the reportD. the report is full of mistakes必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future语法和词汇知识1、Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day.Atakes up Bmakes upCsaves up Dputs up2、Despite their_ of interest，Fleming kept trying to develop the chemical _ it would be safe and effective.Alacking；in order to Black；so thatClack；so as to Dlacking；so that3、Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，_.Ahappily and satisfied Beager and excitedly Chappy and satisfied Danxiously and excitedly4、It_ a calm head to find the best solution to such a difficult problem within a short time.Acosts BtakesCspends Dneeds 5、The _ on his face told me that he was angry.A.impression BsightCappearance Dexpression6、Nobody could believe what Chloe says because she is _ changing her mind.Aregularly BsteadilyCsuddenly Dconstantly7、The small grocer was at the _ of the people he owed money to.Aexpense BcostCmercy Dsight8、I sat until after eleven，_in a book.Aabsorbing Bhaving absorbed Cabsorbed Dhaving been absorbing 9、Now I come here at the _ of Mr.Smith to assist him finishing the work.Arequire BremarkCdemand Drequest10、Being able to speak another language fluently is a great _ when youre looking for a job.Achance BimportanceCadvantage Dassistant 11、A young woman saw a pair of fashion boots in a shop that set her heart_. But the price was far beyond her means. A. to race B. racing C. race D. raced12、Feeling more and more pressure from the environment_ , the government has decided to close down the factories pouring out poisonous chemicals. A. polluted B. having pollutedC. being polluted D. having been polluted13、_ the film so many times, I dont need to see or hear it_ what is happening now on the screen. A. Seeing;knowingB. Having seen;to knowC. To have seen;to knowD. To see;knowing14、“I wont have it_ that we are responsible for Mr. Wangs death in the accident. Its unfair! ” the director told reporters. A. said B. saying C. to say D. says15、It was reported that Bin Laden in Afghanistan missed _ and _ again. A. to be caught;to break awayB. being caught;breaking awayC. to be caught;broke awayD. being caught;broke away必修5 Unit 4 Making the news词汇部分词语辨析1. occupation/profession/job/work 2. acquire /obtain/get/gain3. accuse/charge 4.process/progress/procedure5. accurate /correct/exact/right词形变化1. employ v.雇佣,使用employment n.雇佣employer雇佣者, employee受雇者2. approve v.赞成,批准approval n,赞成,批准3. profession n.职业,专业professional adj.专业的4. guilt n.犯罪 guilty adj. 犯罪的,内疚的重点单词1. concentrate vt.集中；聚集2. course n.过程；进程；课程；一道菜3. trade n.行业；贸易；商业4. defend vt.防护；辩护；护卫5. senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的6. approve vt. 赞成；称许；批准7. polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色8. employ vt. 雇用, 用, 使用9. intention n. 意图, 目的重点词组1.on ones own 独自；独立 2. have a good “nose”for sth 探查发现某事物的能力3. be supposed to应当；认为必须4. look forward to盼望 5. be guilty of有罪;因负疚 6. so as to 以致;为了重点句子Not only am I interested in photograph, but I took a course at university, so its actuallyof special interest to me.重点语法倒装【语法考点归纳】倒装倒装句就是把谓语动词放在主语之前，其形式有两种：一种是整个谓语放在主语之前，这叫完全倒装；另一种是谓语的一部分，即助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，这叫部分倒装，在下列情况下要用倒装语序:完全倒装（谓语全部放到主语前面）分类举例here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：Here he comes.Away they went.部分倒装（谓语的一部分如助动词、情态动词或系动词放到主语前）分类举例句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until.等。注意:如果否定词不在句首，不倒装：当not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.以not only.but also；hardly/scarcely.when；no sooner. than等开头的句子要倒装。Not only did he refuse the gift,he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.so,neither,nor作部分倒装表示“也、也不”。Tom can speak French.So can Jack.If you wont go,neither will I.only在句首后接状语时，要倒装。注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Only in this way,can you learn English well.Only when he is seriously ill,does he ever stay in bed.as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前。注意：句首名词不能带任何冠词。Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.so.that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.在某些表示祝愿的句型中。May you all be happy.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you,I would try it again.语法和词汇知识1、So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.AI did find Bdid I findCI have found Dhave I found2、_ he said at the meeting made everyone present angry.Yes.We all _ him of his rudeness.AThat；accused BWhat；accusedCThat；charged D/；charged3、In order to make our city green，_.Ait is necessary to have planted more treesBmany more trees need to plantCour city needs more treesDwe must plant more trees4、I can think of many cases _the media have a strong effect on young men.AwhyBwhich CasDwhere5、_ admitted to famous universities，parents should try to cure their children _ bad habits.AIn order to；from BSo as to be；ofCSo as to be；from DIn order to be；of6、He told this to somebody else，not realizing that he _.Adidnt suppose Bwas not supposedCdidnt suppose to Dwas not supposed to7、Are train services now back to _after last weeks snowstorm?Yes，they are.Aordinary BnormalCcommon Daverage8、Her mother does not _ of her going to study in the United States alone.AadmitBagree CproveDapprove9、He glanced out of the window，_ that the post office was still closed.Anoted Bhaving notedCto note Dnoting10、Into the sky_the light blue smoke.Ahad gone upBup wentCdid go upDwent up11、“By no means,”declared the captain,“_give way to disappointment.”A.we would B.we will C.might we D shall we12、_ he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of group workAEven though BNever until COnly before DEver since13、one has a child will one realize how great ones parents are.AUntil BUntil not CIt is not until DNot until14、Can I smoke here?No, in no circumstances _ in the libraryAsmoking permits Bsmoking is permittedCdoes smoking permit Dis smoking permitted15、So hard _ that he can go to an ideal university.A. studied Tom B. did Tom study C. does Tom study D. studies Tom必修5 Unit 5 First aid词汇部分词语辨析1. hurt/injure/harm/wound 2. cause/excuse/reason 3. electric/electrical 4. 4. jewelry/jewel词形变化1. bleed v. 使出血, 放血blood n. 血, 血液, 血统bloody adj. 有血的,2. mild adj. 温和的, 温柔的mildly adv. 温和地, 适度地3.treat v. 视为, 对待, 治疗treatment n. 待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗4. pressure n. 压, 压力,压迫press v. 压, 压迫5.bravery n勇敢brave n. 勇敢的重点单词15. aid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助16. tissue n.生组织,17. squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨18. present vt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现19. authentic adj.真实的；真正的；可信的重点词组fall ill; in place; make a difference; put ones hands on重点句子There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking a