高考英语新题型语法填空的考查分析及应考策略 -.doc

高考英语新题型语法填空的考查分析及应考策略陕西省英语试题从2016年开始使用全国II卷，新增了听力，语法填空和七选五阅读。其中语法填空是同学们认为比较难的一个题，但同时也是这三个新题型里最容易提分的一个题，所以本人就此题的考查特点及应考策略谈谈自己的看法。语法填空的考查目的和要求：语法填空考查考生的语言基本功和在具体的语境下准确运用语言的能力。要求考生挖掘语境信息，运用逻辑语义、语篇衔接等手段，辨析各题、各个选项在语义、语用价值上的差异。其创新的意义在于体现“突出语篇、强调应用、注重实际”的精神。体现了语言测试的交际性原则，体现了高中课程改革的教学理念，与课程标准所提出的英语课程性质相吻合。语法填空的核心是语言基本功，所以要求关注基础。教师在教学中重视语法的使用情境，体现语法的语用要求和交际功能，把握好语法复习的度。考纲中规定的语法项目都要复习到位，既要保证语法知识复习的系统性、完整性，又要结合高考试题，做到重点突出、详略得当。学生在语法复习时一定要注意语法的基本使用规则，通过语境了解语法，学习语法，亦运用语法。语法复习最好以练固讲，精讲精练，让考生在练中归纳，在练中感悟和提高。切忌面面俱到，耗时耗力地讲解语法规则和条文而削弱实践和练习，忽视其交际功能和语用功能。语法填空题型特点和要求: 要求: 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。一般十个题里有七个是给提示词的，主要考查实词，例如考查名词的单复数，代词的变化，动词的时态语态，形容词副词比较级最高级，以及各个词性之间的转化。三个是无提示词的，主要考查连词，包括并列连词和从属连词，介词的搭配和运用，冠词等，这就要求学生们对文章句意，整体内容和结构的把握。语法填空新题型对英语教学的启示：1. 转变传统的语法教学理念改变“重识记，轻运用”的语法教学理念，适当减少较繁琐复杂的语法知识的讲解，指导学生在具体语境中学得和习得语法。2. 重视学生的英语课外阅读高考命题专家旨在通过“以考促教”，加强中学英语教学中的精读教学和课外阅读;教师做好课本精读教学，引导学生多读经典小说简易读本，多读一些适合学生水平的高质量英语报刊杂志。3. 摒弃题海战术学生有了一定的语言知识，有了足够的生态阅读体验之后，无需海量操练，即可轻松做好语法填空题。语法填空应考策略：语法填空的练习题可以主要来自于我们平时所学习的课文，做过的单选题，短文改错等。这些都可以经过改编成为语法填空题的素材。这样做的目的不仅仅是练习了语法填空，也是学生们意识到上课认真听讲和紧抓课本的重要性。课文原句改编：e.g.: 1. Yang Liwei _(land)_(safe) this morning in the Shenzhou V capsule in Inner Mongolia.(外研版Book 2 Module 5)e.g.: 2. But one cant forget the wonderful Chow Yun-fat, _ is _ good with a sword as he is with a gun. (外研版Book 2 Module 6)高考单项选择题改编成语法单句填空：e.g.:3. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New Pad. (2012陕西卷)A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand此题可以改编成例4的语法填空题：e.g.:4. _ (stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New Pad. )2012陕西卷)课文原文改编：“British and American English”（Book 5 Module 1）本篇文章是要求学生按首字母给出单词，这样可以在一开始练习时降低难度，建立学生的自信心。British and American English are different. The most o_ difference is in the vocabulary. For example, Americans drive down freeways, w_ the British drive along motorways. Sometimes the same word has a different meaning, which can be c_.There are differences in grammar, too: c_ the British sentence “Have you got .?” with the American sentence “Do you have .?”. P_ can also be different. Americans say “on the weekend”, while the British say “at the weekend”.The other variations in the two v_ of English are spelling and pronunciation. Americans prefer to s_ spelling.As for pronunciation, although there are differences, a Briton can still understand an American.Recently, both varieties of English have become more alike. Satellite TV and the Internet let the British and Americans listen to each other at the f_ of a switch, leading to American words and s_ passing into British English. However, as English is spoken worldwide there may be more than two varieties in the future. But dont worry. Users of English will still be able to c_ with each other and understand each other.在练习过一段时间后，即可按照语法填空的出题要求去提高难度，让学生们进行模拟练习体验。作为相同的语境使用考题，短文改错也是改编成语法填空题的很好素材：One day an extreme successful and rich man noticed a fellow seating under a tree and doing nothing. Out of enthusiastic, he asked if the fellow would like to work. “What is the cause for it?” said the lazy fellow. “To earn plenty of money,” explains the rich man and then he continued, “When you have many thousand of money, you dont have to work for the rest of your life.” “What do you think of that Im doing now ?” answered the lazy man with a big smile. Success is one way of measuring how closed you are to our goal. But actually everyone has his own attitude to life. 以上这篇文章红色字体为错误地方，可以将其改编成下面形式的语法填空题：One day an _(extreme) successful and rich man noticed a fellow_( seat) under a tree and doing nothing. Out of _(enthusiastic), he asked if the fellow would like to work. “What is the cause _it?” said the lazy fellow. “To earn plenty of money,”_( explain) the rich man and then he continued, “When you have many _(thousand) of money, you dont have to work for the rest of your life.” “What do you think of _ Im doing now?” answered the lazy man with_ big smile. Success is one way of measuring how _(close) you are to our goal. It is for these reasons that I finally _(make) my choice.基于平时的学习改编，学生们不仅会更加注重课堂，也会重注平时的阅读积累，以及注重对所做题的深层理解。语法填空备考建议： 1.探究命题规律，科学有效备战（教师会依据规律命题，学生会依据规律解题）。 2.练好单词拼写基本功，规范书写训练：注意大小写、不规则动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词；名词复数、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。 3.加强构词法学习、拓展词汇。 4.结合阅读学语法适时开展精读教学，对好词好句进行分析、摘抄、背诵。 5.熟记一些常见的介词搭配。语法填空答题思路：一、 给提示词的空：1、词性需要发生变化的：分析句子结构，看句子缺什么成分，对所给出的词进行词性转化，填相应的词性。2、词性不需要发生变化的：分析句子结构，看句子缺什么成分，确定如果不需要转换词性，则：给出的词是名词，则考虑单复数，可根据修饰词，谓语的单复数以及并列的名词确定。给出的词是动词，先考虑是需要谓语还是非谓语。如果是谓语则根据时间状语或句子意思考虑时态和语态。如果是非谓语也要考虑相对应的变化形式。如果之前是介词，则变成动名词（-ing）形式。给出的词是形容词或副词，则考虑比较级和最高级。如果之后是than，则是比较级。给出的词是代词，则考虑需要人称代词还是物主代词，人称代词考虑主格还是宾格，物主代词考虑是形容词性还是名词性。还要根据句子意思判断是不是反身代词，有时可能是固定搭配，如enjoy oneself, relax oneself, help yourself等。二、 不给提示词的空：冠词：第一次提到或泛指一个则是a或an。特指，或专有名词前及形容词最高级前则是the。可数名词的单数永远不可能单独出现，其前面一定有a, an, the,指示代词或形容词性物主代词。连词：根据句子结构判断是需要从属连词还是并列连词。如果是从属连词则看是什么从句，从句中缺什么成分，去找从属连词。如果需要并列连