初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习(上课).doc

宾语从句什么是宾语从句？在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。任务1：请找出下列复合句中的宾语从句，并用下划线标出。eg, Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.宾语从句三大考点: . 引导宾语从句的引导词； . 宾语从句的语序； . 宾语从句的时态。.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.任务2：用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句：1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend （that）1. This is a book.2. You like singing.3. He worked last night.4. They will go home.5. Jim has been to Beijing.6. She sings well.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student? I dont knowI dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?任务3：用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句：1. Do you know 2. I want to know 3. The teacher asksif/whether1. Is he reading?2. Do you get up at six?3. Does Tom work hard?4. Did you watch TV?5. Will they read books?6. Can you sing?难点：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether： 与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. I dont know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1. What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2. Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?任务4：用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. Do you know 2. I want to know 3. Can you tell me 1. What is this?2. What are you doing?3. Where do you live?4. When does he get up?5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句that不变I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序He asked who was our English teacher.难点: 语序不变的情况：(一)当从句的原句为以下句子时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening?eg: I dont know whats the matter.(二)当从句的原句以what, who作主语时，语序不变：eg: Can you tell me who is over there?.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we will go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 难点：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍然用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.锦囊1 宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。其他考点：宾语从句中的否定前移如果主句的谓语动词是believe, think, guess, suppose等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，这也就是我们平常所说的“否定前移”。 I dont think (that) it will rain. I dont believe he tells lies. 难点： 这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。 任务5：请给出下列句子的反意疑问句。I dont think (that) he is interested in that thing, _ _? 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗？ 如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。任务6：请给出下列句子的反意疑问句。She thought that film was not interesting, _ _? 她认为那部电影不好看，是吗？ You think you cant get up, _ _? 你认为你起不来，是吗？其他需要说明的问题： 1标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。 eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take? 2. 宾语从句和状语从句的区分 任务7：请指出下列两个句子：哪一个是宾语从句，哪一个是状语从句？ eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2） I dont know if the train has arrived. 句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。锦囊2： 1从位置看： 状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2从引导词看： if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”。3从时态看： if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来（即”主将从现”）。任务8：将下列连个句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I dont know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12) Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _fried chicken.15) Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.任务9：单项选择。1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A. whenB. ifC. whetherD./2)I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A. whyB. whenC. howD. where3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A. whetherB. whyC. whatD. how4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A. where does Mr. Li liveB. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li livesD. where Mr. Li lived5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB. has；boughtC. did；buy D. does；buy6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A. thatB. whetherC. whyD. where7)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A. how much did she pay forB. how much will she pay forC. how much she paid forD. how much she will pay for8) I dont know _ tomorrow. Can you tell me?A. when we startedB. when did we startC. when we will start D. when will we start任务10：历年中考真题。例1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A. thatB. howC. whatD. if例2I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A. that howB. how thatC. when thatD. that when例3I wonder _.Zebras.A. what do they call these animalsB. how they call these animalsC. what they call these animalsD. how do they call these animals任务9：单项选择。1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy答案：Ado you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用一般过去时态和陈述语序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7) Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。8) I dont know _ tomorrow. Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will start D.when will we start答案：C由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。任务10：历年中考真题。例1In the booksh