第十六章国际货物买卖合同的订立PPT课件.ppt

Chapter16TheConclusionofSalesContracts国际货物买卖合同的订立 2020 3 18 1 Lesson1Theprocedurefortheconclusionofsalescontract TheinternationalbusinessmadebetweentheBuyerandtheSelleraremainlytheconclusionofthecontractandthefulfillmentofthecontract Theestablishmentofacontractincludesthefollowingfourlegalsteps inquiry offer counterofferandacceptance inwhichtheofferandtheacceptanceareindispensableandnecessary 2020 3 18 2 DefinitionofContract Acontractisanagreementreachedbytwoormorethantwopartiesconcerned inordertoestablish modifyorterminatethecivilrightandobligationoftheparties AccordingtothedefinitiongiveninCommonLaw acontractisanaccordofbothparties whichcanbeexplainedinshortasfollows thecontractisformedonthepromiseoftheoffer thecontractisformedupontheacceptanceoftheoffer theestablishmenttimeofacontractisalsothetimewhentheacceptancecomesintoeffect 2020 3 18 3 Offer发盘 Anofferisaproposaloftermsandconditionspresentedinapotentialcontractbyoneparty calledtheofferor toantherparty calledtheofferee Anoffermaybeproposedbythesellerorthebuyer Theofferproposedbythebuyerisreferredtoasbid 2020 3 18 4 Thenecessaryconditionsforavalidofferinlaw 1 Anoffermustbeaddressedtooneormorespecificpersons 2 Thecontentsofanoffermustbesufficientlydefinite 3 Withtheindicationthattheofferisbindingupontheofferer 4 Anoffercomesintoeffectonlywhenitreachestheofferee 2020 3 18 5 Validitytimeofanoffer发盘的有效期 Anofferisusuallywithavalidity theacceptancemadebyanoffereeiseffectivemerelywithintheperiodandtheofferorisboundtotheobligationtoconcludethecontractwiththeoffereeupontheoffertermswithintheperiod Whenthevaliditytimeisnotspecifiedintheoffer theofferee sacceptanceshallbemadewithinareasonabletime So called reasonabletime isdependingonthespecificsituation 2020 3 18 6 TheWithdrawalandtheRevocationofanoffer Inlegalsense thewithdrawalandtherevocationofanofferaredifferent Thewithdrawalofanoffermeansthattheofferortakessomemeasurestopreventtheofferfromtakingeffectbeforetheofferbecomeseffect Therevocationofanoffermeansthattheoffer seffectisremovedbytheofferoraftertheoffercomesintoeffect 2020 3 18 7 1 Thewithdrawalofanoffer发盘的撤回Anoffer includinganirrevocableoffer maybeamendedorwithdrawnbeforeitcomesintoeffect thewithdrawalnotificationmustreachtheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheofferreachtheofferee 2020 3 18 8 2 Therevocationofanoffer发盘的撤销Therevocationofanofferwhichhasbecomeseffectiveinlaw meanstheofferisnotbindingupontheofferorifitisrevocable ThereisagreatdifferencebetweenCommonLawsystemandContinentalLawsystemabouttheoffer srevocation 2020 3 18 9 3 Inquiry询盘 Thenon firmofferislegallycalledasinvitationtoforoffer referringtowithanintentiontopurchaseorsellsomecertaincommodities onepartyinquiresaboutthetradetermstotheotherparty orbringsaboutaproposalforbusinesstransactionwithsometerms Therearesomewaystomakeaninvitationtoforoffer theinquiryiswidelyused Itisnotwithlegalforce norconstitutinganoffer 2020 3 18 10 4 CounterOffer还盘 Counteroffermeansareplytotheoffermadebytheofferee notacceptingcompletelythetermsoftheofferandwiththeproposaltomodifyorchangeit 2020 3 18 11 5 Acceptance接受 Acceptancemeansthattheoffereeagreeswiththetradetermsoftheofferunconditionallywithinthevalidityperiodoftheoffer andiswillingtoconcludethecontractwiththeofferorbasedontheseterms Thecontractisestablishedoncetheofferisaccepted Thebothpartiesconcernedshallperformtheobligationstipulatedinthecontractandowntherelevantrights 2020 3 18 12 Theperiodforanacceptancecomingintoeffect Acontractisestablishedupontheacceptanceofanoffer sothetimeofanacceptancetobecomeeffectiveisinvolvedintheestablishmentofacontract 2020 3 18 13 LateAcceptance逾期接受 1 Alateacceptanceisinvalidinprinciple However alateacceptanceisstilleffectiveiftheofferornotifiestheoffereewithoutdelayorallyorinwritingthatalateacceptanceiseffective So itisdecidedbytheofferorwhetheralateacceptanceiseffectiveornot 2020 3 18 14 2 Ifaletterorotherwritingcontainingalateacceptanceshowsthatithasbeensentinsuchcircumstancesthatifitstransmissionhadbeennormalitwouldhavereachedtheofferorinduetime thelateacceptanceiseffectiveasanacceptanceunless withoutdelay theofferororallyinformstheoffereethatheconsidershisofferashavinglapsedordispatchesanoticetothateffect 2020 3 18 15 TheWithdrawalofAnAcceptance接受的撤回 Thewithdrawalofanacceptancemeansthattheoffereetakessomemeasurestopreventtheacceptancefromcomingintoeffectwhenhehasmadeacceptancetotheofferor 2020 3 18 16 Lesson2EstablishmentofInternationalBusinessContract TimeofEstablishmentofaContract合同成立的时间InaccordancewiththeCISG acontractisconcludedwhentheoffereeacceptstheofferandsendstheacceptancetotheofferorwiththevaliditytimeoftheoffer Inthepractice thetimeoftheestablishmentofacontractissubjecttothedateindicatedonthecontractsigned orthedateofconfirmingthecontractfromtheotherparty 2020 3 18 17 KeyElementsforanEffectiveContract合同生效的要件 1 Thepartiesconcernedmustbewiththeconductcapacitytosignacontract 2 AcontractmustbewithConsiderationorCause 3 Theobjectiveofacontractmustbelegal 4 Acontractshallbeincompliancewiththestipulatedformbylaw 5 Thepartyconcernedofacontractshallbeintruewillingness 2020 3 18 18 SignificanceofSigningaContract签订书面合同的意义 It snotnecessaryforaneffectivecontracttosignacontractinwrittenform ItisstatedintheCISG asalescontractisnotboundtobeconcludedorcertifiedinwrittenform unlimitedintheform Asalescontractmaybecertifiedinanywaysincludingpersons However intheinternationalbusinesspractice thepartiesconcernedwillusuallysignacontractinwrittenformafterreachinganagreementthroughnegotiation Therearethefollowingthreefunctionstosignacontractinwrittenform 2020 3 18 19 CaseStudy Case1 Asanexporter wecableanAmericanbusinessmantoexportagriculturalproducts Besidethenecessaryitemsstatedintheoffer theclause PackinginSound bagsisalsoaddedin Duringthevalidityoftheoffer theAmericanbusinessmanreplies Refertoyourtelexfirstaccepted Packinginnewbags Whenwereceivetheabovereply wearereadyforshipment Theinternationalmarketpricefortheagriculturalproductstumbledafewdaysago TheAmericanbusinessmanrepliesthatthecontractdoesnotestablishedbecausewedidnotconfirmwhentheychangedthepackingcondition Weinsiststhatthecontracthasbeenestablished Sothepartiesoccurthisargument Howtohandlethiscase 2020 3 18 20 Case2 AChineseInternationalengineeringcontractingcompanyasksanItaliansuppliertomakeanofferforustosellabatchofsteelonMay3bytelex Inourtelexstatement Werequirethatthisofferistocalculatethespecialistofabuildinganddeterminewhetherornottoparticipateinbidding WemusttenderthetendereronMay15andthebidopeningdateisonMay31 TheItaliansuppliercablesustheofferonMay5fortheabovementionedsteel WecalculatethepriceonhisofferandsubmitthetendertothetendereronMay15 TheItaliansuppliersendsatelextorevokehisMay5offerOnMay20 Becauseoftherisingpriceofthesteelmarket Weimmediatelyreplythemthatwedon tagreetorevoketheoffer So bothsidesmakeadisputeontherevocationoftheoffer ThenonMay31 webidsuccessfully WeimmediatelytelextheItaliansuppliertoaccepttheMay5offer ButtheItaliansupplierinsiststhattheyhavecancelledtheofferonMay20 Thecontractisnotestablished Howeverwebelievethatthecontractisestablished Bothsidesargue Hencebothsidesagreetosubmitittoarbitration Question ifyouareanarbitrator howtomakeanarbitration Explainthereasons 2020 3 18 21 Case3 ABritainbusinessman businessmanA makesanoffertoafederalGermanybusinessman businessmanB onMay3tosellacertainofgoods BusinessmanBisinthereceiptofthisofferthenextday May6 BusinessmanBmakesacompleteanswertoaccepttheofferonthemorningofMay6 AfterbusinessmanAsendstheoffer hefindsthecommoditypricesupward hencehecabledbusinessmanBtowithdrawtheofferintheafternoonofMay7 ItisinthemorningofMay8thatBusinessmanAreceivestheacceptancefrombusinessmanB Question 1 AccordingtotheBritainlaw isitlegalforbusinessmanAtowithdrawtheoffer 2 IfthecaseisappliedtotheCISG whetherbothsidesexistcontractrelationship 2020 3 18 22 Case4 OnedaymorningAFrenchbusinessmanpaysavisittooneofourexporterstopurchaseacertainofgoods Wemakeanoraloffer theydonotanswer Hevisitedagainthatdayafternoonandacceptedthemorning sofferunconditionally Atthattimewehavealsolearnedthatthereisanupwardtendencyintheinternationalmarket Sohowtohandlethissituation why 2020 3 18 23 Case5OneofourexportersmakesanoffertoanItalianbusinessman theofferissubjecttothereplyreachhereon10thofthismonth ThentheItalianbusinessmancablestoinformusofacceptingthisofferon9th Becauseofthedela