高三书面表达指导专项(六)-图表类说明文.doc

高三书面表达指导专项（六）- 图表类说明文I. 范文剖析 A: 根据以上数据,写一篇短文,包括以下内容:1调查时间,调查问题,以及调查对象;2. 男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异;3. 父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异;4. 男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同;5. 你的偶像及理由。阅读以下范文：a. 找出每句写了哪些方面？Conclusion/fact/reason/your opinion?b. 数据的描述用了哪些不同的表达?请划出来。1. _ Last week，we did a survey among 2，600 students on “Who is your idol”. 2._ The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols，while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.3._ As the data shows， “parents” rank the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys. 4._ However，the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls.5._ As for myself，Thomas Edison is my idol，because his inventions have greatly changed our life.B: 最近，上海博物馆宣布免费开放。消息传出，博物馆每天被闻讯涌来的上万名游客挤得近乎“爆棚”。这一现象引发了各方的热烈讨论：博物馆该不该免费开放？下图是某网站进行的一次社会调查，请你根据图示用英语给该网站的英语栏目写一篇短文介绍调查结果，并为三种不同的意见拟写各自的理由。注意： 1. 词数150左右（文章开头已经给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可以有适当发挥，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】 Recently a survey entitled “Should museums be free to the public?” was conducted to find out peoples attitudes towards this question.Opinions are found to vary from person to person.67.9% of the people surveyed believe that museums should be free to the public as they are important places for both education and entertainment. They say that free museum entrance will attract more visitors, which will no doubt contribute to promoting knowledge and culture. The more museums open their doors to the public for free, the more people they will benefit.14.9% hold the opinion that museums should only be free for certain special groups, such as students, soldiers and the disabled. Besides, the times that entrance is provided free for the groups should be strictly regulated.However, 17.2% believe that, to keep the museums functioning well, museums should charge visitors an entrance fee. In addition, to attract more visitors, museums, should try to figure out visitors expectations and offer better service instead of free entranceQuestions for thinking:1. 作者主要运用了什么时态？2. 句子的主语有什么变化？3. 作者用什么不同的表达方法表述不同观点？II. 图表类说明文的类型:1. 以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来,即统计表（table） 。Item19941995199619971998Food65%60%48%42%35%Clothing8%9%12%15%17%Recreation3%5%7%8%10%Others24%26%33%35%38%Total100%100%100%100%100%2. 以图形形式A 表示数据变化的曲线图（graph）; B 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异C 表示总体内部结构变化的的柱状图（bar chart）；扇形图（pie chart） III. 图表类说明文的写作步骤:第一步：_常使用的词汇有: （图表/数据）: _, _, _,_； 动词：_, _, _,_. 常用句型：1. The graph/chart/table above 2. _ the above graph/chart, it can be seen that.3. (正如) is shown in the graph, .4. _ has been shown from the table that5. From the figures _(give) in the table, it can be seen / noticed that第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层次。 即 facts and reasons增长/减少的表达：表示上升的动词: _；表示上升的名词:_；表示下降的动词:_；表示下降的名词: _;表示平稳: _.常用句型：（ Facts）1. There was a great /slight increase /rise in2. There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in3. The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31% in4. By comparison with, it decreased/increased/fell fromto_ (compare) with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10%.5. Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.6. The population owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 1999.7. It rose from 8. The total number was lowered by 10%.9. The number of amount to/add up to/sum up to/reach (数量总计)10. The number of make up about / account for 倍数的表达:1. The number /rate has nearly （是的两倍）, as against that of last year.2. The number is that of.（是的5倍) =The number is times than in (比多4倍)3. It decreased twice than _ of 1906.Reasons:1. The reason is that2. One may think of the change as a _ of 3. The change in largely results _ the fact that4. This brings the important fact that5 .is the key (因素)in. It is because of _ 7. There are several reasons that a_ for it. 8. A number of factors account for .9. Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with, . Secondly, . Besides/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover,. Finally/ Last but not least/, .10. That is why .第三步：_。常用表达：1. in a ,/ in short, / in _（简而言之） / speaking（总的来说）2. summary, it is important3. From what has been discussed above, we can (得出结论）that4. （很明显地）, if we want to, it is necessary5. _(毫无疑问) attention must be paid to6. I _(建议)the government take effective measures to 7. _, I think(就我来看) the “golden week” should remain, for8. In my opinion / Personally, / As far as Im concerned, 9. It seems clear that / Its clear from the chart that10. The results seem to suggest thatIV. 范文背诵：今年2月6日，教育部对“高中是否该文理分科”征求民意。为此，某媒体做了一次民意调查，调查结果如图表所示。支持者反对者你的观点减轻课业负担；现代社会需要专门人才人才培养的必由之路；可以培养复合型人才请你结合图表所示内容，用英语写一篇题为”Should Science and Arts Education Be Separated?” 的短文，谈一下你的看法，以便刊登在某一英文报刊上。要求：1. 观点明确，理由充分。2. 不要逐句翻译。3. 词数120左右（开头已经给出，不计入总词数）。4. 复合型 multi-skilled支持分科43%无所谓6%其他1%反对分科50%【参考范文】The issue of separating science and arts education is getting heated up as the debate spreads through the country, which attracts tens of thousands of votes.About 50% of the people interviewed think it unwise to get science and arts separated in high school. In their opinion, a real expert needs a wide range of knowledge. With the development of modern society, multi-skilled people are in great demand. However, over 40 % of them insist that science and arts should be separated so that students can concentrate on some subjects and become experts. Besides, they will not be overburdened as before.As far as Im concerned, a comprehensive education is better than a separated one. A strong ability in both science and arts is helpful for the long-term development of individuals and the society as a whole. Worldwide, only in China science and arts are separated, which has had a bad effect on students sound development. Its high time we changed this model. I dont think comprehensive education will put a heavy burden on the students.针对目前高三学生学习压力较大的现状，有人以“Effective Ways to Release the Stress”为题于上周调查采访了五个学校的500名高三学生。请你根据以下调查结果的图表写一份报告，并再谈谈自己或身边同学释放压力的有效方法。注意：1.词数：120左右； 2.调查报告的题目和开头已为你写好(不记入总词数)。 3.参考词汇：心理咨询室the psychological consulting office【参考范文】Effective Ways to Release the StressNowadays more and more senior three students are getting stressed in their studiesIn order to find out effective ways to release the stress，a survey was made last week in five schoolsAltogether 500 students were interviewed，and some of the interesting results were as follows：About thirty-five percent of the students let out their stress by doing sportsThey play football，for instanceMeanwhile，another fortyfive percent of them release their stress by listening to different kinds of musicInterestingly，the rest twenty percent of them usually get help from the school psychological consulting officeWhen Im stressed，I usually do lots of weightlifting to get myself tiredThen Ill have a good sleepOnly in this way will I feel relaxed and forget all about my worries假如你是高中三年级的学生李华，你在学校组织了一项“有烦恼向谁说”的调查活动。请用英语给校报编辑写一封信，反映相关情况。内容包括：调查结果（如图所示）、持相应想法的理由及你对调查结果的看法。注意：1信的开头和结尾已经给出。2词数100词左右。【参考范文】Dear Editor,I am a Senior Three student. Recently we have carried out a survey“To whom do you go when in trouble?” The main findings are as follows. 61% of the students surveyed select friends or schoolmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble, the reason of which is that they are in the same age group and have a better understanding of each other. Another 22% choose teachers and parents to talk to. They suggest that teachers and parents are rich in life and educational experiences. Nevertheless, there are also 17% who dont share their troubles at allThey say that their troubles are none of others business. Others find it hard to get along with others. It is not easy to reach definite conclusions based on such a small example. However, some general comments can be made. It seems clear from the response that some students lack communication with others and teachers and parents need to play a more important role in their lives.Yours sincerely,Li Hua根据下列图示, 以 “The New Grading System in Our School”为题, 为某一中学英语报写一篇短文, 说明你校目前新课改中的这一举措以及你对学校实施这一举措的认识。要求: 词数120字左右, 开头已为你写好, 不计人总词数参考词汇: 评分体制grading system 参与participation（n.） tests notes homework class participation team work【参考范文】The New grading system in Our SchoolIn order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works.The students final score will be made up of 5 parts. About 30% of it will come from their test results. The rest of the score is decided by the performances of the students in the following parts: 20% comes from your notes, and another 20% is decided by how you do your homework. If you take an active part in classroom activities, you can get another 20% of the score. Teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates.In my opinion, our school has made a good decision. To begin with, this new grading system has changed the way the students performances in school only depended upon their test results. Secondly, it will certainly help to improve ourselves in many ways. (江西师大附中、鹰潭一中、宜春中学、临川一中、南昌三中五校联考英语试卷)以下是某英文报联合你校对你市（Kangming City）1998年到2008年家庭消费变化的图表，请据此写一篇短文，作一文字说明。文章的开头已经给出。词数110左右。【参考范文】The average family income in our Kangming City increased from 8,000 yuan per year in 1998 to 20,000 yuan in 2008. In the meantime, the structure of the average family expenses has changed, too. These graphs show the change clearly. The biggest part of the average family expenses is housing. In 1998, the average family spent 25 percent of its income on housing. In 2880, expenses on housing rose to 42 percent. Food and drink are the second biggest part of the average family expenses. In 1998, about 18% of the average income was spent on this item. In 2008, the figure grew to 30%. As a result of such increase in the expenses on housing and food, expenses on other items have been reduced from 57% in 1998 to 28%in 2008. Thus, a conclusion can be drawn that as income increases, people can improve their living step. But still the average family has to spend a large part of income to meet the basic needs.自1978年以来，我国海外留学生回国人数逐年上升。请在Shanghai Daily上发表一篇文章，根据图表叙述海外人员归国情况，分析回流原因，并希望更多的海外学者回国创业。要求： 1）可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 2）词数：150字左右。短文开头已为你写好，不计入词数。参考词汇：制定政策 work out policies 海归人员 returnee【参考范文】There has been a reversal of the brain drain since 1978 across the country. Between 1978 and 2007, about 7,000 overseas Chinese returned to Shanghai after completing their studies abroad. They accounted for