非谓语动词高考考点全解.doc

15非谓语动词高考考点全解非谓语动词是高考中的重要考点，仅在单项填空题中，少则一道，多则三四道，因此，们在高考备考中必须给予高度重视。那么，在高考中究竟考非谓语动词的哪些方面，怎么考？归纳起不外乎以下几个方面。一、考查非谓语动词的时态和语态 不定式、现在分词或动名词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，就用完成式，否则，用一般式。当不定式、现在分词或动名词与其逻辑主语若是主动关系，就用主动式，否则，用被动式。如：(1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately_in time for Christmas.A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD.so as to be receiving答案是C。因为句子主语 All these gifts与不定式receive 是被动关系，只有选项C是被动式。（2）He glanced over at her , _that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted分析 因为he 与note 是主谓关系，note并非发生在谓语动词glanced之前，用现在分词的一般式作状语，故选A。（3）_ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC.Having been separatedD. To be separated分析 答案是C。因为Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。二、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语如：（1）While watching television ,_.Athe doorbell rang B.the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings分析 因watching的逻辑主语一定是句子的主语一定是句子的主语，能作其逻辑主语的只有选项C和D中的we；又因在hear后作宾补的应是省略to 的不定式，故选C。（2）In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more treesB. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees答案是D。作目的状语的不定式的逻辑主语应为句子的主语，选项中的主语能作不定式的逻辑主语的只有we 。三、考查非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式通常是在非谓语动词之前not、never。当前面有逻辑主语时，要放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间。如：（1）Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able分析 在介词for后作宾语用动名词，排除B和D；非谓语动词的否定式是将not放在非谓语动词之前，排除A；只有选项C正确，题中not放在动名词being之前，逻辑主语his之后。（2）_ the programme ,they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed答案是C。非谓语动词的否定式，要将not等放在非谓语动词的前面，排除D；they与complete是主动关系，用现在分词，排除B；“还没有完成”，发生在“决定”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式，排除A。（3）The teacher asked us_ so much noise. A. don，t make B.not make C.not making D. not to make答案是D。即ask sb.not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事。四、考查非谓语动词作主语和表语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式；表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词。如：(1) It，s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having答案是D。动名词短语作主语，表示一般的情况。（2）_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C.To walk D. Walk 分析 因a good form暗示泛指一般性行为，用动名词作主语，故选B。注：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平等结构中要用同一种形式。如：（3）Fishing is his favorite hobby, and_ .A. hed like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins,tooC.to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure分析 and连接两个并列句，前一分句用动名词作主语，与之并列的后一分句也应用动名词作主语，故选D。在seem ,appear,prove(结果是、后来表明),remain(尚须)， grow(达到程度)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语，但不用-ing 形式作表语。如：（4）I think youll grow _him when you know him better. A.liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking分析 在表示“达到喜欢的程度”的 grow后用不定式作表语，排除A；like作“喜欢”讲是动词，前面不用be，排除B；like一般没有进行式，排除D，故选C。五、考查不定式和动名词作宾语1有的动词或短语动词后只能用不定式而不能连接动名词作宾语如ask/demand（要求），plan/intend/mean(计划)，manage,do/try ones best, make an attempt(努力), learn(学习)，wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,would like,should like,would prefer(希望、愿意)，agree,promise(同意)，decide,determine,choose,make a decision,make up ones mind（决定）,offer（主动提出），apply(申请)，help(帮助)，fail(不能、没有)，prepare(准备),pretend(假装)，refuse(拒绝)，happen(碰巧)，afford( 负担得起)等。如：I dont want_ Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded分析 表示“想做某事”want 后只能接不定式，排除C。sound like中sound是系动词，属不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除B；发生在want后，sound不用完成式，排除D。故选A。2有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式作宾语如allow,permit(允许),consider(考虑)，suggest,advice(建议)， keep(on)(反复；不停)，finish (完成)，imagine(想象)，practise(练习)，understand(明白)，appreciate,enjoy(喜欢)，miss(错过；怀念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，forgive,pardon,excuse(原谅),dislike(厌恶),discuss(讨论)，report(报道)，admit(承认)，mind(介意)，risk(冒险)， cant stand(不能忍受)，burst out(突然开始)，feel like(想要)，insist on(坚持)，delay,put off (推迟)， give up(放弃)，be busy (忙于)，be worth(值得)等。如：I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B.you to treat C. why treat D. you treating分析 因understand 后可接动名词但不接不定式，故选D，you是treating的逻辑主语。3接不定式和接动名词意义不同的8个动词和短语remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing（记得做过）；forget to do (忘记去做)），forget doing(忘记做过)；regret to do (遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；try to do (设法做)，try doing(试做)；go on to do (接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；mean to do (打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；stop to do (停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做); cant help to do(不能帮助做),cant help doing(情不自禁做)。如：When asked by the police,he said that he remembered_at the party,but not_.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving ; leaving D. arriving; to leave分析 由语境可知，题中的remembered 表示“记得（曾经做过某事）”，后接动名词；又因but not 是与之并列的，都作remember的宾语，所以都用动名词，故选C。4表示未曾实现的愿望或打算的动词和短语如plan ,intend ,mean,want ,hope, wish ,expect 等动词的过去完成时，加不定式的一般式，或者这类动词的一般过去时，加不定式的完成式；was/were,would/should like 加不定式的完成式； was going加不定式的一般式。如：I would love_ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone分析 由句意可知，是表示过去未曾实现的愿望，用“would love+不定式完成式”，故选B。5要接动名词的含有介词的固定句型如prevent /stop/keep sb ./sth. from doing(阻止做)；spend/waste time or money in doing(在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing(在做方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth.（做某事很艰难）；there is no sense in doing(做是没有理由/道理的)；How /What about doing sth.(做怎么样？)；thank (excuse/admire/blame/scold/punish)sb. for doing sth.(因做某事而感谢/羡慕/表扬/责备某人)等。如：According to a recent U.S. survey children spend up to 25 hours a week _TV. Ato watch B. to watching C.watching D. watch分析 spend some time(in)doing sth.( 做某事花了多长时间)是固定句型，故选C。6to 是介词的固定结构这类词组很多，常见的有：look forward to (盼望)，devoteto /be devoted to (致力于),be/get used to (习惯),lead to (导致)，get down to (开始认真)，pay attention to（注意），refer to(谈到),point to(指向)，turn to (转向)，object to(反对)，equal to(等于、能胜任),belong to(属于)等。如：Mr.Read made up his mind to devote all he had to_ some schools for poor children. A. set up B.setting up C. have set up D.having set up分析 因devote中to是介词，接动名词；all 是devote的宾语，he had是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句；“建校”是谓语“下决心捐款”之后，不用完成式，故选B。7but和except后可接不定式介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except等后面有时可接不定式，当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；否则，要带to。如：Sandy could do nothing but_to his teacher that he was wrong.(2001上海春)A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 分析 前面有行为动词do时不带to，故选A。8表示“需要”的need,want 和require等后的动词形式这时，其主语一般是事物，后的动词形式可以是不定式的被动形式，也可以是动名词的主动式。如：There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_ road conditions need_. A that ; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving D. when; improving分析 “公路状况需要改善”，need后接improving或to be improved都可以。后面的从句应是problem的同位语，应用that引导，故选A。六、考查不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式（未来或全过程）或现在分词（正在进行或持续进行）；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。如：(1)My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take分析 因me与take是主动关系，且take发生在谓语动词encouraged之后，要用不定式作宾补，即encourage sb.to do sth.故选D。（2）Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. learn B.to learn c. learned D.learning 分析 在使役动词make ,let ,have 后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主补的不定式要加to，故选B。（3）He looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D.putting分析 因a man与put是主动关系，且看到时正在发生，用现在分词作宾补，故选D。（4）Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run分析 the water与run是主动关系，又表示持续进行，用现在分词作宾补，故选B。（5）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D.to carry out分析 句中that引导一个定语从句，它代表the plan并在从句中作see的宾语，宾语that（the plan）与宾补carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补，即see the plan carried out,故选A。（6）You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained分析 宾语it（the rule）与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，have sth.done请人做某事。故选D。（7）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked分析 find,keep等后可用现在分词（主动）或过去分词（被动）作补语，一般不能用to do 作补语；he 与smoke是主动的，用现在分词作主语补足语。故选B。（8）Charles Babage is generally considerd_ the first computer.A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented分析 think ,consider,believe等后接to have done作补语，表示“认为做了”，故选A。七、考查不定式、现在分词或过去分词作状语1在表示时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等时，通常要用分词，不用不定式句子主语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，句子主语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。注意：现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。如：（1）Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having分析 作伴随状语不能用不定式，we与have fun是主动关系，要用现在分词，故选D。（2）_ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited分析 表示时间不能用不定式，而要用同在分词，故选C。Having waited等于 After he had waited注：表示时间、条件或让步等的分词，有时还可带上连词。如：When _help ,one often says,“Thank you.”Or “Its kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered分析 某人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，故选D。When offered help=When he is offered help2不定式和分词表示原因的区别表示原因时，分词短语常放在句首，也可放在句末，多用逗号隔开；不定式短语却只能放在句末，但不用逗号，且多用表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词之后。如：(1)Im surprised to see you here.(2)_ in a white uni