2010年南开大学翻译硕士MTI考研辅导班真题答案解析.doc

2010年南开大学翻译硕士MTI考研辅导班真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。基础英语答案详解 Part 1: Grammar and Vocabulary. 01. Many Americans think a national committee should be formed to discuss alternatives to existing mass transit system. 句义：很多美国人认为，应该国家委员会来讨论现有公共交通系统的备选方案。答案：D考点：词义辨析分析：A. alterations改变，变更B. alternations间隔；轮流C. attendants随从；跟班D. alternatives候选；备选02. Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on file for two months. 句义：感谢你申请公司职位。我们暂时没有职位空缺，但我们会将您的申请存档两个月。答案：D考点：介宾搭配分析：A. pile堆；摞；叠B. segment部分；片段C. sequence有次序的事D. file档案，归档03. The oxygen equipment made it possible for the climbers to rest and sleep at very high altitude. 句义：氧气设备使登山者得以在高海拔地区休息和睡眠。答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. latitude纬度B. altitude海拔C. level水平D. hemisphere半球04. Now the congested port city near the mouth of the mighty Yangtze River is hoping to leave its record of turmoil behind and renew its status as the epicenter of Chinese modernization. 句义：如今浩浩荡荡的扬子江入海口附近，拥挤不堪的港口城市希望摆脱混乱的历史，变成中国现代化的中心。答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. flapped拍动，使飘B. congested拥挤不堪的C. dined进餐，宴请D. dictated口授，命令05. Had he not been taken good care of, he would not have recovered so soon. 句义：如果没有得到良好的照顾，他不会恢复得那么快。答案：B考点：虚拟倒装分析：在倒装句中，如果虚拟从句中包含动词be/have，则需省略疑问词if，并把be/have提到主语之前A. Hadnt he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of06. More than one third of the Chinese immigrants in the United States live in California, predominantly in San Francisco. 句义：在美国，有超过三分之一的中国移民住在加利福尼亚，主要在旧金山。答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. previously事先；仓促地B. predominantly显著；占优的C. practically几乎，实际上D. permanently永久，持久地07. The very essence of civil liberty consists in the right of every individual to claim the protection of laws, whenever he receives an injury. 句义：公民自由的本质在于，无论一个人何时遭受伤害，他都有权请法律保护。答案：A考点：状语从句分析：A. whenever无论何时B. wherever无论何地C. whereas鉴于D. whichever无论哪个08. The manifestation of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspects in the life style of the people. 句义：文化现象的表现，通常是人们生活方式的物理性质得出的逻辑结论。答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. implementation履行；成就；完成B. manifestation表明；现象C. demonstration证明；论证D. expedition远行；探险；考察09. The recently-developing tourist industry has been unprepared for the very large number of visitors who are now coming to Britain. 句义：大量的游客让近期兴起的英国旅游业措手不及。答案：D考点：构词法分析：可以先将四个选项都当作词组看待，develop本是动词，但在此变为形容词，形容词前应为副词A. recent-developedB. recently-developedC. recent-developingD. recently-developing10. The twin brothers slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without their parents consent. 句义：这对双胞胎兄弟未经父母同意便溜出房间去了游泳池。答案：C考点：词义辨析分析：A. command命令；指挥B. conviction定罪；坚信C. consent同意；允许D. compromise妥协；和解11. Not only did he complain about the food in the restaurant, but he also refused to pay for his meal. 句义：他不仅抱怨这家餐馆里难吃，还拒绝买单。答案：C考点：部分倒装分析：Not onlybut also连接两个句子表示强调。not only放在句首，后面的句子必须部分倒装，将助动词did提前A. He did not only complain B. Not only he did complainC. Not only did he complainD. He not only did complain12. The process of fermentation is accelerated by adding sugar. 句义：加糖可加快发酵过程。答案：D考点：动词用法分析：A. furthered推动B. precipitated突变C. hurried催促D. accelerated加速13. Much as he likes her, he does get annoyed with her sometimes. 句义：尽管他很喜欢她，但他有时的确生觉得她很烦。答案：D考点：让步倒装分析as表虽然则不能用于句首。若表原因虽可用于句首但不符文意。如用although则为Although he likes her muchA. Although much he likes herB. Much although he likes herC. As he likes her much D. Much as he likes her14. When decimal currency was introduced, one old man in the village said, “I dont think it will catch on round here.” 句义：当十进制货币引入后，村里的一位老汉说“我认为它不会在这一带流行起来”。答案：C考点：词义辨析分析：A. catch up赶上，采用B. catch out发觉有错误C. catch on流行D. catch in系紧15. The scientist could hardly find sufficient grounds to be based on his arguments in favor of the new theory. 句义：这名科学家几乎找不到支持新理论的足够证据。答案：A考点：被动语态分析：空白处要修饰定语从句的先行词，排除名词选项；本句结构为不定式作后置定语，应采用被动语态A. to be based onB. to base onC. multitudeD. attitude16. The English language contains a (an) multitude of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 句义：英语里多数单词在日常对话中很少用到。答案：C考点：词义辨析分析：A. altitude海拔B. latitude纬度C. multitude多数D. attitude态度17. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining scheme, allows more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. 句义：兼职和灵活就业模式的发展，以及培训和再培训方案的完善，使越来越多的女性能享受就业机会。答案：D考点：谓语单复数分析：本句缺谓语，可理解为：The growth allows women to do sth. 主语是不可数名词growth，应用单数A. have allowedB. allowC. allowingD. allows18. Although he has had no formal education, he is one of the shrewdest businessmen in his company. 句义：尽管他没受过正规教育，但他是公司里最精明的商人之一。答案：A考点：词义辨析分析：A. shrewdest精明的B. sternest严厉的C. nastiest讨厌的D. alertest警惕的19. The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 句义：心脏并不比胃聪明，因为二者都受大脑支配。答案：D考点：比较级分析：题目拿心和胃做比较。由后半句“都受大脑的支配”可知，两者的关系不是相互比较，而是平等的A. not soB. much moreC. not moreD. no more20. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from contamination on earth than bacteria on Mars. 句义：如今，科学中的一篇文章指出，岩石中的有机物主要来自地球的污染物，而非火星微生物。答案：D考点：词义辨析分析：A. configuration表面配置B. constitution构造，组成C. condemnation谴责D. contamination致污物21. Several decades ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun other than going sightseeing. 句义：半个世纪以前，富人们狩猎是为了享乐而非观光。答案：C考点：语义理解分析：首先注意结构统一，排除非-ing选项，另外要注意C项中other than放在本句的意思是“不同于”A. rather than to goB. more than goingC. other than goingD. than to go 22. Tens of thousands of diplomats, scientists, ecologists and coarse hangers-on are expected to gather in dozens of auditoriums for nearly 400 official and unofficial events. 句义：数以万计的外交官、科学家、生态学家和随从将聚集在几十个会场中，参加近400个正式或非正式会议。答案：D考点：词义辨析分析：A. assorted物品混杂B. obedient服从顺从C. inaccessible达不到的D. coarse粗俗下等23. As my father is not acquainted with the language, he has asked me to assume the role of private secretary and meet you on his behalf. 句义：我父亲对这门语言不是很熟悉，所以让我担任私人秘，代表他与您见面。答案：C考点：词义辨析分析：A. lounged闲逛，闲荡B. logged正式记录C. acquainted了解，熟悉D. omitted省略，删节24. “May I speak to your manager Mr. Cooper at three oclock this Friday afternoon?”“Im sorry. Mr. Cooper will have gone to a conference long before then.” 句义：“本周五下午三点，我可以和你的经理库柏先生谈谈吗？”“不好意思，库柏先生那时正在参加另一个会议。”答案：A考点：将来完成时分析：将来完成时构成为will（shall）have+过去分词，例句：He will have written it tomorrow at noon. A. will have goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. has gone25. Confucianism has evolved into a culture of rationalistic traditionalism, a combination of traditional filial and group virtues with a pragmatism shaped by the conditions of a new competitive environment. 句义：儒学已经演变为纯理论的传统主义文化，一个被新的竞争环境改变了的、实用主义的传统孝道和美德体系的融合。答案：C考点：词义辨析分析：A. helm舵轮，舵柄B. assault袭击，攻击C. filial子女，孝顺D. derivation发展，起源26. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material be heated to its burning temperature. 句义：物质着火的必备条件之一是被加热到燃点。答案：C考点：虚拟语气分析：在表愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原型或“should（可省略）动词原形”表虚拟语气A. is heatedB. will be heatedC. be heatedD. would be heated27. After years of negotiation, an international agreement to conserve imperiled species and ecosystems has finally been changed. 句义：经过几年的谈判，保护濒危物种和生态系统的国际协议最终改变了。答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. ventilated通风的B. imperiled濒危的C. utilized被利用的D. modified改良的28. Nobody saw the CEO at the seminar; he couldnt have spoken at it 句义：没有人在研讨会上见过总裁，他不可能在会上发过言。答案：A考点：虚拟语气分析：由题意“没有人见过总裁”可知，他不可能在会上发过言。用到的是对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定A. couldnt have spokenB. couldnt speakC. mustnt have spokenD. shouldnt have spoken29. These pictures will show you what our high-tech incubator looks like. 句义：这些图片会向你展示我们高科技孵化器的样子。答案：B考点：宾语从句分析：引导宾语从句的谓语look like是及物动词，后面要加宾语；同时，还要注意本题从句要用陈述语气A. what does our high-tech incubator look likeB. what our high-tech incubator looks likeC. how does our high-tech incubator look likeD. how our high-tech incubator looks like30. With Schindlers List, the true story of a German businessman who saved more than 1000 Jews during the Holocaust, Steven Allan Spielberg appears determined to prove that he can make a movie that will live up to all expectations. 句义：辛德勒的名单是关于一位德国商人在大屠杀期间拯救了1000多名犹太人的真实故事。在这部电影中，史蒂芬艾伦斯皮尔伯格证明了自己能拍出一部不负众望的电影。答案：B考点：词义辨析分析：A. fall short of达不到，缺乏B. live up to做到，不辜负C. run contrary to违反D. get out of逃避Part 2: Reading Comprehension. Passage A题目来源本文选自人民邮电出版社编写的剑桥BEC真题集（高级），2007年版。答案详解BCDAC本段讲商学院的研究成果能否经受住时间的检验还是个未知数。即01题B项：价值能否持续还是不确定的。排除A. 并未提及质量“参差不齐”C. 只说了产出数量多，作者并未批评速度过快的问题D. 与原文矛盾，见粗体部分这段说作者认为商学院是学术同行相互认可的工具。作者认为学术研究应该为现实世界做贡献，即02题C项：选错了受众。排除A. 如果态度消极就不可能有那么多研究成果B. 文中没提到不能提供可靠的管理模式，只说毫无新意D. 禁不起学术监督，没提到第三段，作者批评商业学校过分追求理论证明，而非应用。试图让现实的管理去适应固定模型。即03题D项：inflexible，僵化。排除A. 无法理解的B. 含糊其辞的C. 自相矛盾的第四段作者论述了商业学术系统如何与有用的、创造性的的研究相背离：用新方法来分割旧数据，而非追求创造性研究，即04题A项：满足于重复解释旧有研究。排除B. 逃避复杂问题，没有提及C. 关注领域过窄，没有提及D. 讨论过时问题，没有提及注意这里：pseudo-academic，伪学术；dismiss as，不屑；故05题选C项，与dismiss对应的：look down，瞧不起。排除A. 商学院并未自认失败B. 他们并未怨恨学术批判C. 满足于现状，与文意不符In terms of pure quantity of research and debate, business schools have performed amazingly in promoting management as a distinctive activity. No other discipline has produced so much in such a short period. It is unclear yet how much of it will stand the test of time, but for sheer industry; the business schools deserve credit. Not a day goes by without another wave of research papers, books, articles, and journals. In these terms, business schools have produced a generally accepted theoretical basis for management. When it comes to knowledge creation, however, they find themselves in difficulties. They are caught between the need for academic rigor and for real-world business relevance, which tend to pull in opposite directions. The desire to establish management as a credible discipline leads to researchers is that panders to traditional academic criteria. The problem for business school researchers is that they seek the approval of their academic peers rather than the business community. In the United States this has led to the sort of grand paper clip counting exercises that meet demands for academic rigor but fail to add one iota to the real sum of human knowledge. Business schools have too often allowed the constraints of the academic world to cloud their view of the real world. Business school researchers seek provable theories rather than helpful theories. They have championed a prescriptive approach to management based to analysis and, more recently, on fashionable ideas that soon disappear into the other. The one best way approach encourages researchers to mould the idiosyncrasies of managerial reality into their tightly defined models of behavior. Figures and statistics are fitted into linear equations and tidy models. Economists and other social scientists label this cure smoothing. Meanwhile, reality continually refuses to cooperate. Central to this is the tension between relevance and rigor. In a perfect world, there would be no need to choose between the two. But in the business school world, the need to satisfy academic criteria and be published in journals often tilts the balance away from relevance. In other words, it is often easier to pursue quantifiable objectives than it is to add anything useful to the debate about management. To a large extent, the entire business school system works against useful, knowledge-creating research. Academics have five years in which to prove themselves if they are to make the academic grade. It seems long enough. But it can take two or even three years to get into a suitable journal. They therefore have around three years, probably less, to come up with an area of interest and carry out meaningful and original research. This is a demanding timescale. The temptation must be to slice up old data in new ways rather than pursue genuinely groundbreaking, innovative research. It is a criticism also made by some business school insiders. “Academic journals tend to find more and more techniques for testing more and more obscure theories. They are asking trivial questions and answering them exactly. There has to be a backlash,” says Julian Birkinshaw of London Business School. In large part, the problem goes back to a time when business schools were dismissed as pseudo-academic institutions, including the universities of which they often formed a part, regarded them as a little more than vocational colleges. Since then, most of the leading schools have undergone major reassessments and introduced sweeping changes. However, it is questionable whether those changes have gone far enough. Passage B题目来源本文为How Stuff Works网站对美国于2001年宣布退出京都议定书所发评论。答案详解DCABC污染是导致气候变暖的主要原因，排除03题C选项：自然因素是主要诱因。只提到了降水量变化，03题D项中罗列的海面上升与荒漠扩大未提及。排除01题B项，起决定性作用的是实际掌权的人，而非科研成果。结合文意和本段大意，02题应选C，作者的目的在于解释政策为什么存在障碍。排除A. 去掉美国因素，其他国家仍会导致气候问题B. 与文意不符合D. 与作者态度不符排除01题A项，影响大小上存在许多争议，并非共识。即03题A项前半句。即03题A项后半句。04题ACD均有提及，只有把车停半路没有提到。排除01题C项，只提到了不要焚烧垃圾和资源回收，没提到填埋。美国不在这35国之列，排除05题A项；议定书包括其他温室气体，排除05题B项发达国家是主要排放国，排除03题B项。即05题C项，去掉会导致政治包袱的条款。戈尔提到了执行有难度，没提到方法不靠谱，排除05题D项。人类必须团结面对气候变暖，即01题D项。Global warming was once an uncommon term used by a few scientists who were growing concerned over the effects of decades of pollution on long-term weather patterns. Today, the idea of global warming is well known, if not well understood. It is not unusual to hear someone complaining about a hot day or a freak storm and remark, “Its global warming.” Global warming is a significant increase in the Earths climatic temperature over a relatively short period of time as a result of the activities of humans. In specific terms, an increase of 1 or more degrees Celsius in a period of one hundred to two hundred years would be considered global warming. Over the course of a single century, an increase of even 0.4 degrees Celsius would be significant. Most scientists recognize that global warming does seem to be happening, but a few dont believe that it is anything to be worried about. These scientists say that the Earth is more resistant to climate changes on this scale than we think. Plants and animals will adapt to subtle shifts in weather patterns, and it is unlikely anything catastrophic will happen as a result of global warming. Slightly longer growing seasons, changes in precipitation levels and stronger weather, in their opinion, are not generally disastrous. They also argue that the economic damage caused by cutting down on the emission of greenhouse gases will be far more damaging to humans than any of the effects of global warming. In a way, the scientific consensus may be a moot point. The real power to enact significant change rests in the hands of those who make national and global policy. Some policymakers in the United States are reluctant to propose and enact changes because they feel the costs may outweigh any risks global warming poses. Some common concerns, claims and complaints include: A change in the United States policies in emissions and carbon production could result in a loss of jobs; India and China, both of which continue to rely heavily on coal for their main source of energy, will continue to cause environmental problems even if the United States changes its energy polices. Since scientific evidence is about probabilities rather than certainties, we cant be certain that human behavior is contributing to global warming, that our contribution is significant, or that we can do anything to fix it. Technology will find a way to get us out of the global warming mess, so any change in our policies will ultimately be unnecessary and cause more harm than good. Whats the correct answer? It can be hard to figure out. Most scientists will tell you that global warming is real and that it is likely to do some kind of harm, but the extent of the problem and the danger posed by its effects are wide open for debate. Though scientists warn that global warming will likely continue for centuries because of the long natural processes involved, there are a few things we can do to decrease the effects. Basically, they all boil down to this: Dont use as much of the stuff that creates greenhouse gases. On a local level, you can help by using less energy. The electricity that operates many of the devices in our homes comes from a power plant, and most power plants burn fossil fuels to generate that power. Turn off lights when theyre not use. Take shorter showers to use less hot water. Use a fan instead of an air conditioner on a warm day. Here are some other specific ways you can help decrease greenhouse-gas emissions. Make sure your car is properly tuned up. This allows it to run more efficiently and generate fewer harmful gases. Walk or ride your bike if possible, or carpool on your way to work. Cars burn fossil fuel, so smaller, more fuel-efficient cars emit less CO2, particularly hybrid cars. Turn lights and other appliances off when youre not using them. Even though a light bulb doesnt generate greenhouse gas, the power plant that generates the electricity used by the light bulb probably does. Switch from incandescent light bulbs to fluorescent bulbs, which use less energy and last longer. Recycle. Recycle. Recycled goods also require less energy to produce than prod