2018版高三英语一轮复习2012年至2016年五年真题分类2阅读理解7选5题及答案.doc

20122016年 阅读理解7选5Passage 1 2016全国卷，10分 词数：298Secret codes （密码） keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 1 Code breaking never lags （落后） far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 2 For example, the first letters of My elephant eats too many eelsspell out the hidden message Meet me. 3 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message Meet me would read 13 5 5 20 13 5.A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 4 For example, bridge might stand for meet and out might stand for me. The message Bridge out would actually mean Meet me. 5 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.Passage 2 2016全国卷，10分 词数：320A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 2 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 3 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 4 how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 5 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. Its our experience of the garden that matters D. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you havePassage 3 2016全国卷，10分 词数：269Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 1 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 2 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 3 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 4 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. 5 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its ready to serve.A. Do not buy it.B. The easiest is to steam it.C. This is how you can do it.D. It just requires a little knowledge.E. The fish will go bad within hours.F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.Passage 6 2015新课标全国，10分 词数:330Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 2 Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. 3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.4 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a victim mentality. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose everything.Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.Passage 7 2015新课标全国，10分 词数：251Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 1 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 2 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 3 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 4 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 5 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A. After six daysB. For a good marathon runnerC. Before you begin your trainingD. With each day, increase the distance by a half mileE. If they still feel good, you can begin running in themF. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and timePassage 9 2014新课标全国，10分 词数：297The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 1 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 2 Ask kids,What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 3 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head, but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 4 Why do you think shes crying?Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?4. Self-expression 5 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music, acting, drawing, building, photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we cant forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.Passage 10 2014新课标全国，10分 词数：320Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. 1 Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: 1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 2 2.Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 3 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3. 4 This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start. 5 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A. Try new things.B. Ability is easily improved.C. Make three or four instead.D. Understand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.Passage 13 2013新课标全国，10分 词数：243Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润) that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 1 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 2 Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 5 A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects. Passage 14 2013新课标全国，10分 词数：302 Public Speaking TrainingGet a coach 1 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you. Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you arent doing well. 2 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do. 3 If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about. 4 .As far as were concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends. You are a special person not a clone Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 5 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone youre not. A. You arent like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and donts E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F. The one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleep G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse Passage 16 2012新课标全国，10分 词数：339 Kids health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time to time. 1 Some ways of dealing with stress like screaming or hitting someone dont solve(解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1)Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.(2)Dont take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself. 3 (3)Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get down to business. 4 Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 5 A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.C. Different people feel stress in different ways.D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And dont forget about your friends.G. Then, find a way to calm down.20122016年 阅读理解7选5 答案Passage 1 文章主要介绍了与密码学相关的一些情况。1.D 根据后面一句Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making可知，此空该选D（只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们）。2.E 根据后一句的For example, the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me.可知，此空该选E（你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息）。3.G 上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选G（另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母）。4.F 由前一句的a code book和空后的bridgemight stand for.me.可知，此空该选F（有了密码书，你就可以写下代表其他单词的单词）。5.A 本段介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选A（没有密码书是很难破解密码的）。Passage 2 本文介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。1.F 根据文章首句及下文的But it doesnt happen by accident可知，这里是在讲你是否曾去过一个花园但是它不是偶然发生的。故F项You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too符合语境。2.A 根据下文中的a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选A项。3.E 根据上文的Some people may think.和Others are concerned about.可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的Still others may simply enjoy.与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。4.C 根据上文的.but thats not whats important和下文中的how being in those gardens made us feel可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。5.G 上文的the gardens of your youth以及下文的your childhood memories与G项中的those gardens和the strongest memory you have相呼应，故选G项。Passage 3 本文介绍了如何用简单的方法购买鱼和烹制鱼。1.G 由第1空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选G。2.D 空前一句提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难，空后一句讲本文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼的，故选D这只需要一点点知识就能做好。3.F 段落的支撑细节始终围绕主题句展开，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，因此可以判断F项正确。4.A 第4空前提到，浓烈的气味说明鱼已不新鲜，故不能买这种鱼。据此可知A项正确。5.B 本段的主题为如何烹制鱼，下文讲到了烹制鱼的步骤：首先，洗净鱼；其次，添加调料；最后，将装有鱼的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸8至10分钟即可食用（以重约为一磅的鱼为例）。故选B项最简单的方法是蒸。Passage 6 本文介绍了三种策略，帮助我们重新建立信任关系。1.B 根据上句信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为和下句信任是一种冒险可知，此空选B，本句是对第一句话的进一步解