专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-10词汇及课后答案.doc

Unit10GlobalizationWord Bankalienation: a turning away; estrangement疏远，疏离altitude: the height of a thing above a reference level高度，海拔assemble: to bring or call together into a group or whole召集bureaucrat: an official of a bureaucracy官僚collaboration: the act of working with another or others on a joint project协作commission: a group of people officially authorized to perform certain duties or functions调查团commoditize: to make sth. bear the feature of being a commodity商品化commodity: something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage日用品，商品concrete: of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance具体的，实际的converge: to tend toward or approach an intersecting point汇聚destructive: causing or wreaking destruction; ruinous破坏，破坏性的dismantling: the act of taking apart or tearing down拆开，分解embassy: a building containing the offices of an ambassador and staff大使馆embolden: to foster boldness or courage in使大胆，使有胆量exclusion: the act or practice of excluding 排除flattening: being flat扁平的gang: a group of criminals or hoodlums帮派grievance: a feeling of resentment or injustice at having been unfairly treated抱怨；委屈hateful: feeling or showing hatred憎恨的instrument: a means by which something is done; an implement手段；工具invisible: impossible to see; not visible看不见的minimize: to reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree最小化outsource: to buy in (components for a product) rather than manufacture them外界供应oyster: any of several edible bivalve mollusks牡蛎potential: capable of being but not yet in existence潜在的，可能的refuge: a place providing protection or shelter庇护所reservation: the act of reserving保留restriction: the act of restricting限带，限定retiree: one who has retired from active working life退休者spot: a place of relatively small and definite limits场所；地点stimulate: to excite (a nerve, organ, etc.) with a stimulus刺激；激发summon: to call together召集；召唤swarm: to move in or form a large number成群移动或出现unlock: to undo or set free打开；释放utmost: of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme极度的，最大的versus: against与相对warp: to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape扭曲Phrases and Expressionsbring about: to cause to happen造成bring down: to cause to fall打倒，击落draw up: to prepare a draft of (a legal document) 草拟look through: to examine查阅；审校reflect on: to think over思考；反省Reading Comprehension Choose the best for each of the following.1. It is concluded in the article that 11/9 and 9/11 are different in that _C_.A. 11/9 brought down a wall and 9/11 opened the windows of the worldB. 11/9 brought down the World Trade Center and 9/11 put up new invisible wallsC. 11/9 represented the creative imagination and 9/11 represented the destructive imaginationD. 11/9 unlocked half the planet and 9/11 made the citizens potential partners and competitors2. According to the article, what might be the cause(s) of 11/9? ( D )A. Hundreds of East Germans sought refuge at the West German embassy in Hungary.B. The East German government gave in to the pressure built up by the escape of more than thirteen thousand East Germans.C. Eastern Europeans looked forward to walking out from behind the Iron Curtain and engage with a flattening world.D. All of the above.3. We were the only superpower, and the world was our oyster (Para. 4) Here oyster infers that _B_.A. the world itself provides a shelter for AmericansB. people in America could enjoy supreme freedom so as to get everything they want from lifeC. Americans feel to be playing a significant role in the whole worldD. America is a paradise of liberty and freedom4. Why could imagination never be commoditized according to the article? ( B )A. Because imagination is too important to be commoditized.B. Because imagination is too individualized to be commoditized.C. Because it is extremely tough for imagination to be commoditized under a near total monopoly of power.D. Because it is of no value at all to commoditize imagination.5. It can be inferred from what Irving Wladawsky Berger says that _A_.A. positive imagination could possibly ease the danger from individuals even without the instruments of a stateB. focus on productive outcomes could advance and unite civilizationC. peaceful imagination could minimize alienation and celebrate interdependenceD. stimulating positive imagination is of the utmost importance II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you. The past decade and a half witnessed how the world went (1) flat, which is characterized by two dates: 11/9 and 9/11. The creative (2) imagination of 11/9 led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and helped citizens around the globe to join together in business and trade. In the mean time, the (3) destructive imagination of 9/11 brought down the World Trade Center, throwing the world into chaos and panic. Eleven-nine arose from a simple event in which hundreds of East Germans sought (4) refuge at the West German (5) embassy in Hungary in July 1989. As a result, Hungary decided to lift the (6) restrictions on the passage to Austria, which made it possible for thousands of East Germans to (7) escape to Austria and thus to West Germany. The impending (8) pressure drove the East German government to (9) remove travel ban. Thus on 11/9/89, East Germans gathered to break down the Berlin Wall. However, 9/11 changed the way in which the world got flattened peacefully and positively. Bin Laden and his gang might have plotted to hit both towers of the World Trade Center at the exact right (10) spot. Unfortunately, September 11, 2001 turned out to be day that the terrorists had their destructive imagination materialized.Vocabulary I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1. Some animals get confused when seeing their _B_ a mirror. A. inflection B. reflection C. conviction D. nutrition 2. Memory can be profoundly _A_ by subsequent experience. A. shaped B. shipped C. shifted D. sharpened 3. We received many clever and _C_ entries in our childrens painting contest. A. initiative B. inductive C. imaginative D. informative 4. This dress was sewn by my mother carefully and the stitches are almost _D_. A. incredible B. impossible C. insatiable D. invisible 5. Many businesses with growth _B_ fail to raise enough funds because they lack investment readiness. A. essential B. potential C. utensil D. spatial 6. Countless small streams _A_ to form a large river. A. converge B. diverge C. submerge D. infringe 7. These pills should help to _C_ the pain. A. increase B. lease C. ease D. abuse 8. A big _B_ of bees started following Claire who ran away terrified. A. swim B. swarm C. warm D. swam 9. During the pregnancy, its normal to gain weight, but I _B_ ballooned up. A. initiatively B. literally C. laterally D. lastly10. His _C_ is to dedicate himself to the service of his country. A. hatred B. education C. motto D. religionII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. represent realize innocent commodity available threaten stimulate minimal suspect reserve restrict center alien grieve lock 1. Public health officials now say the disease is under control and is, not a public health threat. 2. Dont worry. Your loyalty is above any suspicion. 3. For the past 10 years, many technologies that we have been using reached wide scale adoption and thus essentially have become commoditized. 4. Life saving care used to be unavailable to women giving birth, particularly in rural areas. 5. If you prove your innocence you can be free. 6. I think we can minimize the problem, so it isnt worth fussing about. 7. These inscriptions are keys with which we unlock the secrets of ancient Egypt. 8. Id like to change my reservation in your hotel. 9. Power without restriction is vulnerable to corruption.10. Your kindness was a consolation to me in my grief.TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.9/11造成的污染让约40万人的健康受到严重伤害。据市卫生署的有关官员介绍，统计数据显示，有35万至7万人患上了PTSD心理后遗症，另有038万到l26万人可能得了哮喘。这其中包括参与事后救援和重建的人员、曼哈顿下城区居民、区域工人、上班族和过路人。总体来看，有一半的受访者称当时他们被笼罩在大楼倒塌产生的巨大烟尘中，70的人亲眼目睹了飞机撞上大厦和尸体横飞的恐怖场景；还有13的人受了伤。参考译文Of the estimated 400,000 people believed to have been heavily exposed to pollution from 9/11 disaster, data suggests that 35,000 to 70,000 people developed PTSD and 3,800 to 12,600 may have developed asthma, city health officials said. They include rescue and recovery workers, lower Manhattan residents, area workers, commuters and passers-by. Overall, half of the respondents said they had been in the dust cloud from the collapsing towers; 70 percent witnessed a traumatic sight, such as a plane hitting the tower or falling bodies; and 13 percent sustained an injury that day. ExerciseTranslate the following sentences by using non-restrictive attributive clause1去年1月份，北京将小排量汽车购置税减半，这也是政府的新政策。(halve the purchase tax)2正如所预料的，今年中国持续高涨的钢铁需求影响了钢铁行业的格局。(dominate the landscape)3温室气体排放量占全球排放总量约40的中美两国是气候峰会上两股最重要的力量。(account for)4谷歌事件给一些对中国政治体制心存偏见的西方人一个指责中国政府的机会。(be biased against)5如果他仅做买卖而对市场潜力不做调查，他就是一个不善经营的商人。(market potentiality)6摄取均衡营养的最佳途径是均衡饮食，其中包括大量新鲜水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维。(get the righ t balance of)7收入低于最低工资标准的执法官员们有时候几个月都拿不到薪水。(on end)8火箭在太空中运行最佳，因为在那儿不存在阻碍他们运动的大气。(perform best)9约有50至80的食物传播的疾病都发生在厨房，细菌从生肉和蔬菜传播到手上。 (foodborne illnesses)10十年前中国电影在各大国际电影节大放异彩时国内的电影产业却是混沌一片。(in disarray)参考译文：1. Beijing last January halved the purchase tax on vehicles with smaller engines, which was also a new policy carried out by government.2. As is expected, Chinas surging demand for steel this year has dominated the landscape of the steel industry.3. The US and China, which together account for some 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions, are the nations that matter most in the climate debate.4. The Google case provides some westerners, who are biased against Chinas political system, with an opportunity to point their fingers at the Chinese government.5. He would be a bad businessman, who merely did buying and selling without investigating market potentiality.6. The best way to get the right balance of nutrients is a balanced diet, which includes plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables and dietary fiber.7. Law enforcement officials, whose salaries were far below a living wage, sometimes received no pay months on end.8. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their