非谓语动词之过去分词.doc

iUnit 1过去分词做定语和表语Part 1 过去分词作定语例句 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1. The polluted water was to blame. 2. We should also respect the retired workers.3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.4. He is a teacher loved by his students.5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.归纳 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在_之前发生，已经完成（见句1）。作定语的过去分词由_动词变时，和所修饰的词语之间是_关系。不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如句2中的retired , 又如： _落叶； _升起的太阳。2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_（见句1、句2）。_作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个_（见句3、句4、句5）。拓展2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如：Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.【练一练】1、 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. This is the severely _(pollute) lake I mentioned to you the other day.2. Huang Lin _(educate) in Germany has the ability to deal with such a situation well. 3. Do you know the number of books_(order) by the library? 4. Most of the artists_(invite）to the party were from South America.5. Dont use words, expressions or phrases only_(know) to people with special knowledge.二、完成句子(运用过去分词做定语）1. 在会议上提出的问题对我们来说很严重。 The problem _ at the meeting is serious to us. 2. 不要担心。在结冰的湖上滑冰是相当安全的。 Dont worry. Its quite safe skating on the _.3. 为了把英语学好，你应该提高你的口语和书面英语。 In order to learn English well, you should improve your _and _.4. 他十分同情暴晒在太阳下的农民工。_5. 靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。_ 注意：不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做定语的区别(1) 不定式作定语时，表示即将发生的动作；-ing分词作定语时，表示主动或正在发生的动作；动词的过去分词作定语时，表示已经完成的动作。如：The text to be learnt tomorrow is said to be very difficult. 明天要学的那篇课文据说很难。The song learnt last week is very interesting. 上周所学的那首歌很有趣。The sleeping boy is Li Leis bother. 正在睡觉的男孩是李蕾的弟弟。The boiled water can be drunk. 开过的水可以被饮用。The question _ this afternoon is of great importance. 今天下午要讨论的问题很重要。The question _ last night is of great importance. 昨晚所讨论的问题很重要。The question _ now is of great importance. 现在所讨论的问题很重要。(2) 使-ing分词作定语时，表示事物的性质或特征；使动词的过去分词作定语时，表示人的心理状态。如：an interesting story 有趣的故事 an interested boy 感兴趣的男孩a surprising gift 意想不到的礼物 a surprised cry 感到吃惊的叫声a moving deed 一件感人的事迹 a moved group很受感动的人群a frightening dog 令人害怕的狗 a frightened boy 感到害怕的男孩an exhausting job令人疲倦的工作an exhausted expression 疲惫的表情Part 2 过去分词作表语例句 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1. The street is lined with small shops.2. Tom was astonished to see his father.归纳过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成_结构，表示主语的性质、特征和状态。 辨析1. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。如： The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.The library is now closed. 2. 有些动词如interest, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 强化训练 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。1. The Emperors New Clothes is an _ text. All of us are _ about it.A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited2. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried3. Im very _ with the dish I cooked. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm. It does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant 4. I have read plenty of books _ by Lu Xun.A. writtenB. wrote C. writes D. writing5. His nephew, _ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative.A. losing B. loses C. lost D. being lost6. They had beef and _ for supper.A. smoking fish B. fish smoking C. fish to smoke D. smoked fish7. She asked if there was anything _ for tonight.A. to plan B. planned C. that plans D. Planning【巩固练习】一 使用ing从句或-ed从句, 使两个句子合并为一句.1. I didnt talk much to the man. The man was sitting next to me on the plane.2. The taxi broke down. The taxi was taking us to the airport.3. At the end of the street there is a path. The path leads to the river.4. A window was broken in the storm last night. It has now been repaired.5. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were not practical（实际的）.6. A man was arrested(逮捕) by the police. What was his name?二，选择正确答案。1. Its sometimes embarrassing/ embarrassed when you have to ask people for money.2. Do you easily get embarrassing/ embarrassed?3. I had never expected to get the job. I was really amazed/amazing when I was offered it.4. She has really learnt very fast. She has made astonishing/ astonished progress.5. I didnt find the situation funny. I was not amusing/amused.6. It was a really terrifying/terrified experience. Afterwards everybody was shocking/shocked.7. Why do you look so boring/bored? Is your life really so boring/bored?8. Hes one of the most boring/bored people Ive ever met. He never stops talking and never says anything interesting/interested.三. 用动词的正确形式填空。1. Do you know the boy _ (lie) under the big tree?2. Many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth, _(believe) to be flat.3. The speech which he made _ (concern ) the football match bored a lot of fans to death.4. If the building project _ (complete ) by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.5. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to him a rule never _ (break).四， 完成下列句子.1. 他将会参加今年10月份举办的中文演讲比赛。He will take part in the competition _.2. Im Li hua, a Chinese student _ . (在你们的大学参加暑假课程)3. The Chinese version of this book, _ (在2010年出版), began to sell in China at the beginning of 2011.4.当他想到要长时间暴晒在太阳下，他异常沮丧。 _.5. 这个演讲是如此的鼓舞人心，以致他们都很兴奋。_.五、用括号里的动词的正确形式完成下面文章。 1 Many years ago, a young foreigner_1_(call) Marco Polo traveled all the way from Italy to China. From then on a window to the east has been _2_ (open) for westerners.Two kinds of gold coins once _3_ (make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.Marco Polo was _4_ (bear) in 1254.He lived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marcos father and uncle were merchants. They had traveled to the east. So when Marco was young, he enjoyed _5_ (listen) to the stories about the places _6_ (visit) by his father. His father decided _7_ (take) him on a trip. When Marco Polo was just 17, he left his country for China. They were among the first to go along the silk road. They had a lot of trouble in _8_ (explore)So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo, but he was very brave. After about four years, Marco met Kublai Khan who gave him a job. Marco spent 17 years_9_ (work) for him. He visited most parts of China. He learnt lots of _10_ (interest) things about Chinese life. When he returned home, he let others know about things like coal and paper money. He wrote about his trip in a famous book.六、写作运用 (1)根据所给提示写一篇英语短文，描述李平为了实现梦想而努力学好英语的决心和做法。期望父母期望他出国学习；出国学习也是他本人的梦想决心学好英语；他会排除万难，不遗余力地实现这个目标。做法尽力掌握语法规则，记单词；珍惜每个练习英语的机会；坚持到底，相信自己这是非常必要的【写作要求】(1)只能用5个句子表达全部内容；(2)尽可能多地使用非谓语动词(不定式)。 LiPings parents_, which is also his dream, and therefore, he was _. Even though he know clearly that it isnt an easy job, he will_and _. I