初一英语知识点概括.doc

初一英语知识点概括一：各单元知识点：Unit 1词汇：1. my 我的，形容词性物主代词还有his，her，your2.由name构成的短语first name 名字 last name 姓氏 family name 姓氏3.“电话号码”的表达方式：telephone number、phone number 4. 缩写： Im = I am whats = what is its =it is 5. answer n. 回答；答案（也可做动词“回答”，如answer the questions）句式：1. What +be 动词+your(his/her) name? Whats your name? Whats his name? Whats her name?2. 自我介绍时常用语： My names Jenny. Im Gina.3.表达第一次和某人见面的高兴之情： Nice to meet you!4. 询问别人的电话号码： Whats your telephone number?5. 询问别人的姓氏常用语： Whats her family name? Unit 2词汇：1. pencil case 文具盒 pencil sharpener 铅笔刀 pen钢笔 eraser橡皮擦 ruler尺子 backpack 双肩背包 dictionary 字典2.指示代词：this 这个 that 那个3. in English 用英语 4. ID card 身份证 5. computer game 电子游戏6. lost and found 失物招领 7. excuse me 打扰了8. call sb. 给某人打电话 9. a set of 一套；一副句式：1. 询问某物品是否属于某人的问句及答语Is this/that your pencil? Yes, it is. Its my pencil./No, it isnt. Its his pencil.2. 询问某物用英语怎么说 Whats this in English?3. How do you spell sth.? How do you spell it?4. Whats +sth?询问某物是什么 Whats this? Its a watch.5. Call at sb. at +电话号码. Call Alan at 495-3539. Unit 3词汇：1.称呼类词汇：sister 姐；妹 mother妈妈 father爸爸 brother兄；弟grandmother祖母；外祖母 grandfather祖父；外祖父aunt姑母；伯母；婶母uncle叔；伯；舅；姨夫son 儿子cousin表（堂）兄弟（姐妹） daughter女儿 2. 缩写：thats = that is hes = he is3. 指示代词：these 这些 those 那些 4. thanks for 为而感谢句式：1. This/that/These+ be动词+ sbs This is his sister. That is my brother. These are his brother.2. be动词+代词+Is this your sister? Is she your sister?3. Thanks for Thanks for the photo of your family.4. Here +be 动词+ Here is my family photo. Unit 4词汇：1.本单元出现的家具类词汇：table桌子 bed床 bookcase书橱，书柜 sofa沙发 chair椅子 drawer抽屉2.表位置的介词短语：under the table在桌子下面 on the sofa在沙发上in the backpack在双肩背包里 under the bed在床下面 on the chair在椅子上 on the dresser在梳妆台上on the table在桌子上 in the drawer在抽屉里 on the floor在地板上3.math book数学书 4.alarm clock闹钟5.computer game电脑游戏6.video tape录像带7.take sth. to sb.把某物带给某人take these things to your sister把这些东西带给你姐姐8.ID card身份证9.bring sth. to some place把某物到给某地bring some things to school把一些物品带到学校10.pencil case铅笔盒11.in the bedroom在卧室12.in the kitchen在厨房句式：1.询问地点Where + be动词 + sth. 答语It is/They are + 表位置的介词短语Wheres my backpack？ Its under the table.Where are your books？ Theyre on the chair.2.询问某物是否在某地的句型及答语 Is the baseball on the sofa？No，it isnt. Its under the chair. Are they on the bed？ No，theyre not.3.祈使句Please do sth. Please take these things to your sister4.can引导的一般疑问句 Can you bring some things to school？5.倒装句Here + be动词 + 主语 Here is my pen. Here are some apples.Unit 5词汇：1.球类名词小结soccer ball英式足球 ping-pong ball乒乓球tennis网球volleyball排球basketball篮球2.“球拍”的表达 tennis racket网球拍 ping-pong bat乒乓球拍3.play + 名词 结构的短语play sports参加体育运动play computer games玩电脑游戏4.“play + 球类名词”结构的短语 play ping-pong ball打乒乓球play tennis 打网球 play soccer踢足球 play volleyball打排球5.sports club运动俱乐部 6.first name名 last name=family name姓7.watch TV看电视 on TV在电视上，通过电视8.常用的描述某物或某事的形容词：interesting有趣的fun有趣的 relaxing轻松的 boring无聊的difficult困难的9.have a great sports collection有大量的体育收藏品 10.every day每天句式：1.Do引导的一般疑问句 Do you have a TV？Yes，I do. / No，I dont.Does he have a tennis racket？ Yes，he does. / No，he doesnt.2.祈使句Lets do sth. Lets play ping-pong.3.主系表结构主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 That sounds good.Unit 6词汇：1.水果banana香蕉 orange橙子strawberry草莓 pear梨 apple苹果2.蔬菜：tomato西红柿 carrot胡萝卜broccoli花椰菜3.食品：hamburger汉堡包 French fries薯条ice cream冰淇淋 salad沙拉chicken鸡肉egg鸡蛋4.countable nouns可数名词 uncountable nouns不可数名词 5.running star赛跑明星6.lots of = a lot of非常多，很多（后面既可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词）7.healthy food健康食品8. have sth. for breakfast/lunch/dinner/dessert早餐/中餐/晚餐/甜点吃句式：1.询问某人是否喜欢某物的句型及答语 Do/Does sb. like sth.？ Yes，sb. do/does. No，sb. dont/doesnt.Do you like salad？Yes，I do./ No，I dont.Does he like pears？Yes，he does. / No，he doesnt.2.祈使句Lets do sth. Lets have ice cream.3.一般现在时的肯定句及否定句 I like oranges. I dont like bananas.They like salad. They dont like broccoli. She likes bananas. She doesnt like ice cream. Unit 7词汇：1. how much （价钱）多少2. seven dollars七美元one/a dollar 一美元3.a pair of socks 一双袜子two pairs of socks 两双袜子4. “颜色+名词”结构的短语有：red sweater 红毛衣blue skirt 蓝裙black pants 黑裤子5. 由help构成的短语：help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事help sb. (to) do sth帮助某人做某事6. want sth. 想买某物 want a sweater 想买一件毛衣7. what color 什么颜色 8. at Huaxings=at Huaxing Clothes Store 在华兴服装店9. come and buy your clothes 来买你的衣服10.“like+名词”喜欢某物 like sweaters 喜欢毛衣11.at a very good price 以非常优惠的价格 12.bags for sports 运动包13. T-shirts in red=red T-shirts 红T恤衫 14. socks for only￥5 each 每双袜子五元15. afford our prices负担得起我们的价格16. for yourself 亲自17. come to some place 来某个地方18. buy sth. from some place从某地买某buy skirt from Huaxing Clothes Store从华兴服装店买裙子 19. sell sth. to sb. = sell sb. sth.把某物卖给某sell the bike to him = sell him the bike 卖给他自行车20. have a look 看一看；看一眼have a look at = look at 看21. on sale 廉价销售for sale 等待出售备考句式：1. How much + be动词+?询问某物价钱 How much is this T-shirt? = Whats the price of the T-shirt? How much are these socks? 2. It is /They are +数字+ 币种单位。表示某物多少钱 Its seven dollars. Theyretwo dollars.3. can 引导的疑问句 Can I help you? 同义表达： What can I do for you? Is there anything I can do for you?4. sb. want(s) sth.某人想买某物 I want a sweater. 相当于：I want to buy a sweater.5. What color do/does sb. want? What color do you want?6. 递给别人东西时的常用语：Here you are.7. 决定要买某东西时的常用语：Ill take it. 8. Do/Does sb. like?Do you like sweaters?9. sb. sell(s) sth. for + 钱. We sell pants for only ￥30.10. Have a look at sth. Have a look at Zig Zags Clothes Store. Unit 8词汇：1. “某人的生日”的表达有：your birthday 你的生日 mothers birthday 妈妈的生日 Liu Pings birthday 刘平的生日2. “几月几日”的表达方式： 某月1日/21日/31日 用“月份+ 1 st / 21st /31st”September 1 st 9月1日 August 21 st 8月21日 某月2日/22日 用“月份+2 nd/ 22nd” May 2 nd 5月2日 March 22 nd 3月22某月3日/23日 用“月份+3 rd /23rd” July 3 rd 7月3日除上述日期外，其余的日期都用“月份+日期+th”November 11 th 11月113. date of birth 出生日期4. how old 多大年龄5. speech contest 演讲比赛 give a speech 发表演讲6. school trip 学校郊游 trip的其他常用短语：go on a trip出去旅行business trip 出差7. basketball game 篮球比赛 volleyball game 排球比赛8. birthday party 生日聚会 party的其他短语有：at the party 在聚会上have a party 举行聚会9. School Day 校庆10. Art Festival 艺术节11. Music Festival 音乐节12. English Party 英语聚会句子：1.When + be动词+其他？询问时间 When is your birthday? When is your mothers birthday? Joe, when is the school trip?2. Sbs birthday +be动词+日期 My birthday is June fourth. Her birthday is July 22 nd.3. How old +be动词+sb? How old are you?4. Do/Does sb. have /has.? Do you have a School Day at your school? Do you have an Art Festival? 5. sb. +be动词+年龄 Im fifteen years old. Unit 91. go to a movie 去看电影go to movies go to the cinema go to see a film 2. action movie 动作片3. want to do sth. 想做某事 want to go to a movie 想看电影 want to see a comedy 想看喜剧片4. Beijing Opera 京剧 5. Chinese history 中国历史6. my favorite actor 我最喜欢的演员a great actor 一位伟大的演员7.a very successful thriller一部非常成功的恐怖a very successful comedy一部非常有趣的喜剧片 8. a new movie 一部新电影 9. on weekends 在周末10. Shaolin Temple 少林寺句式:1. Do/Does sb. want to do sth.? Do you want to go to a movie?2. sb. want to do sth. I want to see a comedy.3. What kind of movies do/does sb. like? What kind of movies do you like?4. sb. like(s) sth. and sb. like(s) sth.I like thrillers and I like action movies. Guo Peng likes comedies and he likes Beijing Opera.5. sb. like sth. but sb. dont /doesnt like sth. I like thrillers but I dont like comedies. Maria likes thrillers but she doesnt like comedies.6. sb. think(s) sth. +be动词 +adj. She thinks they are very exciting.sb. often do sth. with sb. She often goes to see Beijing Opera with her father. Unit 10词汇1.“play + the + 乐器类名词”结构的短语有： play the guitar弹吉他 play the piano弹钢琴play the drums敲鼓 play the trumpet吹喇叭play the violin拉小提琴2. “play + 棋牌类名词”结构的短语有（名词前不要冠词）： play chess下国际象棋 play cards 打牌3. 本单元中出现的各种俱乐部：art club美术俱乐部 English club英语俱乐部chess club国际象棋俱乐部music club音乐俱乐部swimming club游泳俱乐部 basketball club篮球俱乐部 表示“加入俱乐部”用joinclub，如：join the music club参加音乐俱乐部4. “speak + 语言类名词”表示“说某种语言”，如：speak English说英语5. want to do sth.想做某事 6. be good with kids擅长与孩子打交道7. help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事 8. school musical festival学校音乐节9. call sb. at + 电话号码 拨号码找某人call Zhang Heng at 622-6033拨622-6033找张衡10. rock band摇滚乐队11. school show学校公演功夫12. a little一点，少量13. learn about了解14. E-mail address电子邮箱地址句式：1. can引导的一般疑问句及相应的答语 Can you paint？ Yes， I can. Can you swim？ No，I cant.2. What + 名词 + do sb. do sth？ What club do you want to join？3. What can sb. do？ What can you do？4. 由but连接而成的并列句 Tom can play the guitar but he cant play it very well.5. 以动词原形开头的祈使句 Come and join us！ Come and show us！6. 询问对方姓名： May I know your name? Whats your last name?7. How old + be动词 + sb.？ How old are you？8. do引导的一般疑问句 Do you have an e-mail address？9. 常见的表示感谢的用语 Thanks a lot. Thank you. Thank you very much.10. Why do sb. do sth？是询问原因的句型Why do you want to join the club? Unit 11词汇：1.“go to + 名词”结构的短语有：go to school去上学 go to bed去睡觉 go to work去上班2.get up起床，起来3. eat breakfast = have breakfast吃早饭 eat dinner吃晚饭 eat lunch吃午饭4. take a shower=have a shower洗淋浴5. work very long hours工作很长时间brush ones teeth刷牙6. “after + 名词”结构的短语有：after breakfast早饭后after class下课后after school放学后after work下班后7. “get to +名词”结构的短语有：get to work到达上班地点get to school到校“get + 副词”结构的短语有：get home到家get here到这里get there到那里8. take the number 17 bus to a hotel乘17路公交车到宾馆9.“all+时间名词”结构的短语有：all night整夜 all day整天10. love to do sth.喜爱做某事 like to do sth喜欢做某事11. listen to sb.听某人（说、唱、弹奏乐器等）12. watch morning TV看早间电视13. in the morning在早晨，在上午in the afternoon在下午 in the evening在晚上14.do (ones) homework做家庭作业 15. know about了解16.at around six fifteen在大约6:15 17. tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关某事的情况句式. 1.what time引导的询问时间的句型（答语要用具体的时间点） What time do you get up？I get up at six oclock.What time is it？ Its eight thirty.1. sth. takes sb. to某物带某人去The bus usually takes him to work at 19：15.3.when引导的询问时间的句型 When do people usually eat dinner？ People usually eat dinner in the evening.4. Thanks for+其他 Thanks for your letter.5. Do you开头的一般疑问句 Do you want to know my morning？6. “What + a/an +形容词 + 名词+其他！”结构的感叹句 What a funny time to eat breakfast！7. Can you think + 宾语从句？ Can you think what his job is？8. “Please do ”结构祈使句 Please write and tell me about your morning. Unit 12词汇：1.中学阶段常见科目 Chinese语文 P.E.体育art美术 science科学 music音乐 math数学 history历史 biology生物 physics物理 chemistry化学2.“favorite+名词”表示“最喜欢的”favorite city最喜欢的城市favorite food最喜欢的食物favorite color最喜欢的颜色favorite TV show最喜欢的电视秀favorite sport最喜欢的运动favorite subject最喜欢的科目3.on Monday在星期一4.“have+学科名词”表示“上课” have math上数学课 have science上科学课5.my music teacher我的音乐老师 6.my last class我的最后一节课7.be tired是疲劳的（相当于feel tired） 8.after lunch午饭后 after class下课后9.play + 球类名词10. play with sth.和某物玩耍 play with my dog和我的狗一起玩耍句式1.询问某人最喜欢的物品的句型 Whats your favorite subject？My favorite subject is science2.询问原因的句型及答语 Why do you like P.E.？ Because its fun.3.询问某人的句型及答语 Who is your science teacher？My science teacher is Mr Wang.4.主系表结构sb.+be动词+形容词Im really busy！5. 主系表结构sth.+be动词+形容词 Its difficult，but interesting.Music is relaxing.6.and连接的并列句Our teacher is very strict and Im usually very tired after.二语法：1、 名词A）、名词的数名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks).但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格：当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，就要使用所有格形式：1） 单数直接在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day妇女节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词：3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、 形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier -happiest, sorry-sorrier-sorriest, friendly-friendlier-friendliest(more friendly-most friendly), busy-busier-busiest, easy-easier-easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better-best， many/much - more-most， bad/ill worse- worst，little- less-least， old- older/elder-oldest/eldest ，far- farther/further-farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.5 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法时态1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening