英美概况试题范围(附答案).doc

.名词解释：1 .The Great Depression2 Industrial Revolution 3 Melting Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution1.On October 24， 1929， the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups， it is also known as a “melting pot，” meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague， an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague， much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.。1929年10月24日,美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。这导致了长期的经济萧条。2。工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18世纪末和19世纪初的英国。英国是第一个工业化的国家。工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。3。因为美国是一个多民族的国家,它也被称为“大熔炉”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。4。黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤传播流行。在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫,大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787年制定,并于1789年生效。它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。the Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. 这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告,任何治疗,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此,大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。Bloody MaryHenry VIIIs daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais. 亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后,迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被“血腥玛丽”的绰号。玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。.the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan the only one entirely in the U.S. Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan. 五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖,唯一一个完全在美国,休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain? The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security. “福利国家”政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS),国民保险和社会保障。What are some of the characteristics of American education?(1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and higher education.(2) Public educations is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.美国教育的特点是什么?(1)在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2)公共教育是免费和义务的。(3)多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。(4)教育是美国的函数,而不是联邦政府。What role does the community college play?What functions does it perform?What is it important in American higher education?What is the guiding principle of such a college? The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations in the history of American higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs of educated adults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as well as community organizations.It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA program at a four-year institution. Second, it provides vocational training for people who are already working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruction to higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adults who did not learn basic skills in elementary or secondary school. Fourth, it offers recreational, cultural activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academic skill. Fifth, it absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lower-status vocational program.The guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differences. 社区学院发挥什么作用?它执行什么功能?美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗?一个大学的指导原则是什么?社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一,美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求,受过教育的成年人,本地业务的员工,专业要求认证以及社区组织。它执行五个主要功能。首先,它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次,它为那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工作。第三,它给补救教学高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。第四,它提供了休闲、文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五,它可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等,承认个体差异。I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices: 1.The highest mountain in Britain is _. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis （本尼维斯）C. the CotswoldsD. the Forth 2. The longest river in Britain is _. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn（塞汶河）D. the Thames 3. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. the Lough Neage内伊湖 B. Windermere Water C. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District 4. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B. Scotland C. WalesD. Northem Ireland 5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _. A. the NormansB. the Celts C. the Iberians伊比利来D. the Anglo-Saxons 7. British Recorded history began with _. A. Roman invasionB. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 8. In 829, _ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. JohnB. James I C. Egbert埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王(829839) D. Henry I 9. Christmas Day _, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 10. Henry II was the first king of the _ dynasty. A. Windsor B. Tudor C. MalcolmD. Plantagenet 11. In 1265 _ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry III B. the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort 12. The Hundred Years war stated in _ and wa ended in _, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _. A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, Calais C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt D. 1346, 1453, Brest 13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _ was replaced by king _. A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor C. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor 14. The Renaissance began in _ in the early _ century. A. England, 14 B. England, 15 C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 15 15. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution 16. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land. A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth 17. In the 18th century, there appeared _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois Revolution C. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation 18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _ in 1583. A. CanadaB. Australia C. IndiaD. Newfoundland 19. _ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American: A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VII C. George VI D. George VII 20. In January _ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community. A. 1957 B. 1967 C. 1973 D. 1979 21. soon after _, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership. A. 1900 B. the First World War C. the Second World WarD. 1960 22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _ rate and the highest _ rate. A. inflation, growth B. growth, inflation C. growth, divorceD. growth, birth 23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _. A. the exhaustion of old mines B. costly extraction C. little money being investedD. the labour shortage 24. Britains foreign trade is mainly with _. A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countries C. other developed countries D. EC 25. The House of Lords is presided over by _. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Queen C. the Archbishop of Canterbury D. the Prime Minister 26. A General Election is held every _ years and there are _ members of Parliaments are elected. A. five, 600B. five, 650 C. five, 651D. four, 651 27. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she always sits in _. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons B.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords C. the Queen, the House of Commons D. the Queen, the House of Lords 28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _. A. the QueenB. the Cabinet C. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons 29. The sources of British law include _. A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law B.statutes, common law and equity law C. statutes, common law and European Community law D. a complete code and statutes 30. In criminal trials by jury, _ passes sentenced and _ decide the issue of guilt or innocence. A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judge C. the jury, the jury D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury 31. _ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery. A. Magistrates courts B. Youth courts C. district courts D. The Crown Court 32. Londons Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _. A. the England secretaries B. the Scottish Secretaries C. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary 33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _ and based at first on _. A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of Parliament C. 1948, the Bill of Rights D. 1958, the Bill of Rights 34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _. A. war pension B. child benefit C. family credit D. unemployment benefit 35. Except that _ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none. A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime Minister C. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments 36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _. A. independent schools B. junior schools C. independent schools D. primary schools 37. There are some _ universities, including the Open University. A. 900 B. 290 C. 90 D. 50 38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law. A.receive completely free education B.receive parly free education C.receive no free education if their families are rich D.receive no free education at all 39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _ country in the world. A. largestB. second largest C. third largestD. fourth largest 40. In the following rivers, _ has been called the American Ruhr. A. the Mississippi B. the Missouri C. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S. A. the PotomacB. the Columbia C. the Rio Grande River D. the Colorado 42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _. A. Yale B. Harvard C. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 43. The nations capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _. A. the American WestB. the Great Plains C. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States 44. The Midwest in Americas most important _ area. A. agriculturalB. industrial C. manufacturingD. mining in dustry 45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _. A. separate educational facilities had been illegal B.educational facilities had been separate but equal C. educational facilities had been equal D.