2012届高考英语语法精讲精练-动词和动词短语[教师版].doc

易达教育内部资料高三语法专题讲解Recently, these companies have _ some workers because of the drop in economy. A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed 【解析】答案为B。四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。 When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _。A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed 【解析】答案为A。这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。Iit as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A. makeB. look C. take D. think【解析】答案为C。take.as.意为“把当作/认为是”；另外，“look on.as.”和“think of.as.”也有此意。若用A项，需要把it后面的as去掉。Her shoesher dress; they look very well together.A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match【解析】答案为D。suit指“符合某人的口味，或颜色、款式等的相配或适合”；fit指“强调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合”；compare意为“比较、对照”；match指“两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配，显得很协调”。 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared 【解析】答案为B。题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B项。 The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making 【解析】答案为D。分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone的宾语补足语，由此可排除A项；suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除B项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为D。 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains_. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 【解析】答案为B。题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”。由题意可知，remain在此是用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在B和D中间；“the effect”和“see”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared【解析】答案为C。“got” 作系动词时，表示人为所致成一个相对长的过程；“changed”是实义动词，不能接形容词作表语；“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕；“appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。It was already past midnight and only three young men _in the tea house.A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted【解析】答案B。为句意：早已过了半夜，仅有3位年轻人还留在茶房。“remain”作系动词，后可跟名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词，不定式的被动式作表语。The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time toits reality.A. make up B. figure out C. look throughD. put off【解析】答案为B。make up意为“组成、化妆、编造”；figure out意为“理解、弄清楚”；look through意为“浏览”。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。Its going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me_ the clothes on the line?A. get off B. get back C. get inD. get on【解析】答案为C。get off意为“下车”；get back意为“回来”；get in意为“收集，收获”；get on意为“前进，进展”。表示“收衣服”要用“get in clothes”。In modern times, people have to learn toall kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.A. keep with B. stay with C. meet with D. live with【解析】答案为D。live with和put up with类似在此意为“忍受”。句意：在现代社会，人们尽管过着舒适的生活，但他们还得学会忍受各种各样的压力。_a moment and I will go to your rescue.A. Go onB. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry on【解析】答案为B。go on意为“继续”；hold on意为“抓住不放、坚持”；move on意为“继续前进”；carry on意为“继续进行”。根据后句的I will go to your rescue可知，这里应是“坚持住、别松手”。句意：坚持一会儿，我会救你的。Have you_ some new ideas?Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come aboutB. come intoC. come up withD. come out with【解析】答案为C。come about意为“发生”；come into意为“进入、得到”；come up with意为“想出、提出”；come out with意为“发表，公布、说出”。句意：“你想出新的主意了吗？”“是的，我过会儿告诉你。”The media can often help solve problems and draw attention _ situations _ help is needed.A. in; that B. to; which C. in; where D. to; where 【解析】答案为D。draw/pay attention to意思是“注意；关心”。名词“attention”前可以有“more，little， careful，close， no，some”等形容词修饰，“to”后接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用“where”引导定语从句。句意：媒体常常能帮助解决问题，关注需要帮助的对象。 2009年1.（全国卷I）I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through【答案】D【解析】get along意为“进展”；get on意为“上车”；get to意为“到达”；只有get through意为“打通电话”符合句意。句意：我试着给她办公室打电话，但是没有打通。2.（全国卷I）Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push【答案】D【解析】句意：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新东西，但是尽量别逼他们。这四个词只有push是“推，逼”之意。3.（全国卷II）If you leave the club, you will not be back in . A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved【答案】B【解析】be admitted in/into表示“被录取，被接受”。4.（天津卷）Sorry, I have to _ now. Its time for class.OK, Ill call back later. A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up【答案】A【解析】句意：“对不起我的挂电话了，上课的时间到了。”“好的,我会再打电话来。”hang up表示“挂断电话”break up 表示“开垦(破碎,破坏,解散,结束,衰弱)”give up表示“放弃”hold up 表示“举起(提出,抓举,支持住,阻挡)”。根据句意应选A项。5.（天津卷）Dont worry if you dont understand everything, the teacher will _ the main points at the end.A. recover B. review C. require D. remember【答案】B【解析】句意：别担心，如果你一切都不懂，老师会复习要点。recover表示“恢复（健康等）”；review表示“复习”；require表示“需要”；remember表示“记得”，根据句意，应选B。6.（安徽卷）Just as Professor Scotti often it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means【答案】C【解析】put it是一个常用语, 表示“表达”的意思，正符合本句意思：Scotti教授经常所说的一样, 成功99%的心度。make it意为“获得成功”。7.（安徽卷）We tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all . A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up【答案】C【解析】give away意为“泄露,捐赠”；keep away意为“控制在外”；take up意为“占据”；use up意为“用光，用尽”=run out of。句意：我们努力寻找一张能供7人吃饭的桌子，但是所有的桌子都有人占了。8.（福建卷）We are at your service. Dont to turn to us if you have any further problems.A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek 【答案】B【解析】beg意为“乞求，乞讨，恳求”；hesitate意为“犹豫，踌躇”；desire意为“欲望，愿望”；seek意为“试图，要求”。句意：我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时，请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选B项。9.（福建卷）The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on 10.（湖北卷）Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through【答案】D【解析】该句意思是“你能不能帮我看看这份试卷，看有没有明显的错误？”。look through可表示“检查，浏览”之意。look around意为“环顾”，look into意为“调查”，look up意为“抬头看，查阅”。11.（湖北卷）During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to _ bread for days.A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with【答案】C【解析】根据上句During the war there was a serious lack of food可推测出“即或是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”，应选择do without表示“不用/吃勉强度过”。eat up意为“吃完”，give away意为“收拾”，deal with意为“应付，处理”。句意：战争时期缺少食品，即使很富有的家庭也不得不将就着连续几天没有面包吃。12.（湖北卷）The loss has not yet been _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知此处表示“损失（数据）还没统计”，应选择calculated。Considered意为“考虑”，completed意为“完成”，controlled意为“控制”均不符合上下文。13.（湖北卷）Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish【答案】C【解析】根据上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护”。Spot意为“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”，dismiss意为“开除，使解散”，distinguish意为“区别”。14.（江苏卷） I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _ . So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D closed up【答案】A【解析】break up 意为“断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂”； finish up意为“结果成为，最终到来”； divide up意为“分担，分配，分享”。close up 意为“（伤口）愈合”。15.（江西卷） It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out【答案】C【解析】look into 意为“调查”。句意：据报道警方不久就要调查两个孩子失踪的案子。16.（山东卷）Do you have enough to _all your daily expenses?Oh yes, enough and to spare. A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer 【答案】A【解析】cover意为“（钱）足够开销/付”。句意：你有足够的钱用于日常开销吗？是的，够了，还能有结余。17.（山东卷） Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to _, so she left. A. show off B. go up C. fit in D. come over 【答案】C【解析】show off意为“炫耀，卖弄”；go up意为“上升，上涨”；fit in意为“相处融洽，合得来”；come over意为“顺便来访，从远方(或克服障碍后)过来”。18.（陕西卷）A. notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up 【答案】D【解析】send up意为“发射”；give up意为“放弃，传上去”；set up意为“提出，提议；竖起，升起”；put up意为“张贴”。句意：一个通知被张贴出来，以便告知学生们演讲的新时间。19.（四川卷） Have you _? No. I had the wrong number.A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through【答案】D【解析】get in意为“插话，收割”；get away意为“离开，走开”；get off意为“下车”；get through意为“接通电话，完成，到达，通过”，由此可知该题的答案为D，意思是“你接通电话了吗？”20.（四川卷）How about your journey to Mount Emei? Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way. A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down【答案】B【解析】答语的意思是：一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次外。break down意为“抛锚”；slow down意为“慢下来”；get down意为“记下，写下”；put down 意为“扑灭”。所以该题的答案为B项。 21.（浙江卷） The good thing about children is that they very easily to new environments.A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply 【答案】A【解析】该句的意思是“对于孩子们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易的适应新的环境。”adapt to 意为“适应”；appeal to 意为“呼吁，使感兴趣”；attach to意为“粘贴，附属于，隶属于”；apply to意为“申请”。所以答案为A项。22.（浙江卷）Practising Chinese kung fu can not only ones strength, but also develop ones character.A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up 【答案】C【解析】bring up意为“抚养，呕吐”；take up意为“占去，拿起”；build up意为“增强”；pull up意为“停车”。根据句意“练习中国功夫能够增强人的体质”，所以用build up。2010年1.(全国I卷) The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “this side up”A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed【答案】D【解析】选项为四个意思上毫无关联的动词，此题考察动词的词义辨析。carry 意为“搬运”；deliver意为“递送”；press意为“按，压”；pack意为“打包”。句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“此面向上”。2.( 全国II卷8)My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together【答案】A【解析】put away意为“放好，收拾起来”；put up意为“举起，搭建，张贴，挂起”；put on 意为“穿上，戴上”；put together意为“组装，装配，把凑合起来”。句意：我母亲打开抽屉把刀勺放好。3.(安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself ,there is always someone _you wishingthey were that high.A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. looking up to D. looking down upon【答案】C【解析】getting rid of意为“摆脱；去除”；getting along with意为“与相处；进展”；looking up to意为“尊敬；敬仰”；looking down upon意为“看不起；轻视”。句意：无论你把自己看得如何低微（卑微），但是总有人仰慕你，同时希望他们有你那么高大。4.(安徽卷)How did you like Nicks performance last night ? To be honest ,his singing didnt _to me much?A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur【答案】A【解析】appeal to 意为“吸引”；belong to意为“属于”；refer to意为“提到；涉及”；occur to意为“突然想到”。句意：她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。5.(福建卷)Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets it.A. keep up with B. do away with C. get down to D. look forward to【答案】C【解析】keep up with意为“保持”；do away with意为“废除，去掉”；get down to意为“着手处理”；look forward to意为“盼望，期待”。句意：我们刚刚搬进大一点的房子，因此有许多事情要做。让我们开始做吧。6.(福建卷)In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more. Its great to have the two .A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined【答案】D【解析】第二句意思为：“我非常赞同。两者相结合非常好。”have sth. done意为“使某事被做”。linked项意为“相联系的”；related意为“有关的”；connected意为“相连接的”；combined项意为“同时做，兼有”。由句中I cant agree more可知，应选D项，其余三项不符合语境。7.(湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that people you to take by social customs, law or religion.A. persuade B. request C. instruct D. expect【答案】D【解析】expect sb. to do意为“期待/希望某人做某事”。request是一种非常客气的请求。persuade是“说服”的意思，instruct是“指导、指示”的意思。8.(湖北卷)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes【答案】C【解析】“要选一个表示“反映”的词，就是reflect。“resemble” = look like; “strengthen”表示“加强，巩固”；“shape”作动词表示“塑形”。 句意：就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。9. (湖北卷)Had she_ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up to B. lived up to C. kept up with D. come up with【答案】B【解析】根据句意：“如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。”只有live up to（履行，实行）符合题意。look up to（尊重）；keep up with（跟上）；come up with（追赶上；想出；提出）。10.(江苏卷)Thousands of foreigners were_ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached 【答案】C【解析】attract sb.意为“吸引某人”。句意：成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。11.(江苏卷)The experiment has_ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out【答案】C【解析】rule out排除（可能性）。find out意为“查找出”；point out意为“指出”；carry out意为“执行，实施”。句意：这项实验排除了那个行星上存在生命的可能性，但这并不代表其他行星上也没有生命。12.(江西卷)Parents much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A. attachB. pay C. linkD. apply【答案】A【解析】attach much importance to意为“认为很重要；关注=pay much attention to”。句意：家长认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价礼物的。13.(江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just sweet dreams.A. keep up with B. put up with C. end up withD. catch up with【答案】C【解析】keep up with意为“保持”；put up with意为“忍受”；end up with意为“以为结束”； catch up with意为“赶上”。句意：睡觉前闻闻花的香味，你也许会做上好梦。14.(辽宁卷)Thousands of people _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.A. turned on B. turned in C. turned around D. turned out【答案】D【解析】考查短语动词的用法。turn out 有“外出”的意思，而turn on 则是“打开”，turn in“上床睡觉, 上缴”等意思；turn around是“转身”的意思。只有turn out 符合语境。句意：数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。15.(辽宁卷)The new movie _to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines 【答案】A【解析】promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有的希望”的意思；agree是“同意，赞同”的意思；pretend是“假装”的意思；decline是“衰老，衰退”的意思。只有promises符合题意。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。16.(山东卷)Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up 【答案】C 【解析】表示“学到，尤其指不正规的学到”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起;顺车接送,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等意义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”的意思；look up 表示“向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅”的意思；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”意思。句意：山姆只是凭借着看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。17.(山东卷)Your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children? A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct 【答案】A 【解析】表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve 意为“为服务；接待”；adapt 意为“使适应，使适合”；construct意为“建造，构筑；构思”。句意：你家里总是那么整洁家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的?18.(陕西卷)You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _ you, I suppose. A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about 【答案】A【解析】agree with意为“同意，赞成；与相适应”；agree to意为“同意，赞成（观点，看法等）”；agree on意为“就达成协议”；agree about意为“对有相同的看法”。句意：你看上去很好。我认为：三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。19.(四川卷)Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _nice. A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes【答案】A【解析】与上句中的eat with their eyes相对，后句应该为看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A项。20.(四川卷) Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left. A. took up B. got up C. shut up D. set up【答案】B【解析】get up意为“起床，起立”。故选B。take up意为“从事，占据时间或空间”；shut up意为“闭嘴”；set up意为“建造，搭起”。句意：Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。21.(天津卷)He telephoned the travel agency to_ three air tickets to London. A. order B. arrange C. take D. book【答案】D【解析】book和tickets搭配，是“订票”的意思。句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。22.(天津卷) Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and _ as a manager.A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off【答案】A【解析】ended up as 是“作为而结束”的意思；dropped out是“退出，退学”的意思；came back是“回来”的意思；started off是“动身，出发”的意思。只有A项符合题意。句意：作为一名职员加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后当上了经理。23.(浙江卷)The majority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children. A. consider B. support C. confirm D. submit【答案】B【解析】consider意为“考虑，思考，认为等”；support意为“支持，拥护，维持”；confirm意为“证实，确认”；submit意为“使屈服，使经受”。句意：镇上的大多数人都积极地支持为孩子们建造运动场的计划。24.(浙江卷)After that, he knew he could _any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. A. get away with B. get on with C. get through D. get across【答案】C【解析】get away with意为“侥幸逃脱”；get on with意为“与有好相处”；get through意为“接通，顺利通过，完成”；get across意为“被理解，越过”。句意：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。2011年1.（新课标卷）I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.A. come up withB. put up with C. turn toD. stick to【答案】B【解析】句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。”come up with意为“想出，提出”；put up with意为“忍受, 容忍”；turn to意为“转向，翻到（书的页数），求助于，(使)变成”；stick to意为“坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于”。2.（新课标卷）William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight Was beginning to . A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage【答案】C【解析】disappear意为“消失，不复存在”；fall意为“降落，跌倒，降低”；fail 意为“(指健康)衰退, 衰弱”；damage意为“损害，毁坏，加害于”。句意：William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退。3.（大纲卷）Mary, I _John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。remind of意为“就提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起”；warnof意为“就警告(某人)”。4.（湖北卷）Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but th