考新题型－－语法填空解题技巧探讨2.ppt

2015语法填空解题策略 Thepersonwholovesthelawwillgofurther hewillhavemoreENERGY hewillaccomplishmore hewillbe happy happilymorehappyhappinesshappy 1 阅读 理解语篇的能力 2 分析句子结构的能力 3 熟练运用语法的能力 1 语法填空题 能力要求 2 解题步骤 跳读大意 初填易题 补填难题 通读检查 语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词 verb 或其适当形式 名词 noun 代词 pronoun 冠词 article 介词 prep 连词 conj 或引导词 形容词 adj 和副词 adv 考查各项语法内容 3 语法填空题 空格设计 纯空格 介词 连词 代词 冠词 从句引导词 情态动词 助动词等 有提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 名词 形容词 副词 形容词或副词的比较级或最高级 冠词或 物主 代词 无提示词可数名词单数之前 1 Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey Sothefarmerkilled 40 goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart 2 WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure IthinkofDonnie Hewas 35 shy nervousperfectionist the a 考查语法点 定冠词 不定冠词 物主代词的用法 讨论归纳 归纳总结 如果句子基本结构完整 空格后面是名词 尤其是单数名词 前面无限定词 就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词 a the 不定代词 any no some all every 和形容词性物主代词 my her their its 名词所有格等进行修饰 连词或从句引导词 无提示词两个主谓结构连接 1 Itwasnotlong 39 thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw 2 Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire itwasimpossibletocontrolit before 考查语法点 各类复合句中连词 引导词的用法 讨论归纳 找出谓语动词 分清楚句子层次理清分句关系 克服干扰 划掉修饰成分 but 归纳总结 从句子结构考虑 如果空格前后都有句子 则要根据上下文的逻辑关系 选择适当的副词或连词 表原因 because for since等表结果 so therefore hence thus等表递进 further furthermore moreover inaddition等表转折 but nevertheless however yet While althouhgh though等 2如果两个句子 即两个主谓结构 之间没有分号或句号 也没有关联词连接或引导 则填并列连词或从属连词 that which who whom whose when where why 引导定语从句 that whether if whose which who what when where how why 引导名词性从句 when before after until while because so if unless although as 引导状语从句 and orbut 连接并列句 介词 无提示词与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语 补语 表语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语 1 Inshort Ibelievethatitis 39 greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish 2 WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents Ilookedback 34 thegirl whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic largestsmileIhadeverseen of at 考查语法点 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配 讨论归纳 归纳总结 名词或代词前面的空格也可能填介词 如句子不缺主语 表语 动词后不缺宾语的情况下 名词或代词前面 一定是填介词 介词可位于名词之前如 atnight onSunday也可位于形容词之后 如beinterestedin begoodat还可位于不及物动词之后 如listento arriveat lookfor 特殊句式结构 1Sherememberedhowdifficult wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather 2Little weknowhislife 3 coldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome 4I gotothestationtomeetherbutIdidn tseeher 5Itwasinthestreet Imetanoldclassmateofminetheotherday it do So did that 归纳总结 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词1由itis that 强调句型2由it作形式主语或宾语的句式3so such that 句型4构成倒装条件的only so neither nor never hardly seldom notuntil had等5强调谓语动词要填do does did 有提示词的解题技巧 分析句子结构上下文语境 动词 名词 形容词 副词 形容词或副词的比较级或最高级 有提示词 动词 给出的提示词为动词时 我们应首先分析句子结构 判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 或者是否需要转换词性等 然后再具体解题 谓语动词 有提示词与主语构成主谓结构 1 IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI 39 tell bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood 2 Hisfearoffailure 36 keep himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon wastold kept 考查语法点 谓语动词的时态及语态 及主谓一致 讨论归纳 技巧1 句中没有谓语 或者虽然已有谓语动词 但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致 且中间有并列或转折连词时 需填的词则是谓语动词 时态考虑要瞻前顾后 例1 ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation close mybookandwalkedaway closed 例2 Allovertheworld peoplemovefromplacetoplace Moreandmorepeople leave townsandfarmstomovetocities Thismovement move tocitiesiscalledurbanization areleaving 例3 Thehappiest happy ofpeopledon tnecessarily necessary havethebestofeverything theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat come alongtheirway comes 例4 Thecountrylifehewasusedto change greatlysincetheopeningpolicywascarriedout haschanged 非谓语动词 有提示词除谓语动词以外的动词形式 1 Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson 32 receive thegift 2 IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft complete therest 3 Mypupils Donnie 40 include adoredher receiving tocomplete included 考查语法点 非谓语动词及变形的使用 讨论归纳 技巧2 若句中已有谓语动词 又不是并列谓语时 所给动词就是非谓语动词 若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式 done形式 还是todo形式 非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系 例5 butitisnotenoughonly memorize rulesfromagrammarbook tomemorize 例6 speak outyourinnerfeelingwon tmakeyoufeelashamed onthecontrary Speaking 注意 作主语或宾语时 通常用doing beingdone形式表示习惯或一般情况 用todo tobedone形式表示具体情况或将来 作状语用havingdone havingbeendone表示已发生 例7 Hesawthestone say tohimself Thenightwilllbeverydark saying 注意 分词作伴随状语 原因状语 条件状语等时 要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式 例8 Therewillbeameeting start laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm learned 注意 分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式 starting 例9 Lessons learn insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople 词性转换 有提示词介词 冠词 所有格后接名词 形容词修饰名词 副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子 1 Thirty fivecents shesaid 36 rude 2 Oneofthe 33 bad giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher 5 AsfarasIamconcerned my 37 suggest isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese Englishwithineasyreach rudely worst suggestion 考查语法点 各类词性的正确使用及转化 讨论归纳 技巧2 词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分 dangerous 例10 Ina danger partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand theylearntto 例11 Theremustbesomething serious wrongwithoursociety seriously 让学生可以对一些短文进行语法填空的命题1挖出认为会考的10个空 2注明理由 比如 介词 名词 Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefirewhichdestroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th 1974 Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonthsbeforethefire itwasSaoPaulo snewestbuilding Allthe25floorsoftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor Nooneknowshowthefirestarted Perhapsitwasstartedbyanelectricalfireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire butitwasimpossibletocontrolit Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabovetoescape Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire 1 destroyedtheCapitalBuildingonFebruary4th 1974 Thebuildingwasfinishedonlyafewmonths 2 thefire itwasSaoPaulo snewestbuilding Allthe25 3 oftheofficebuildingwerecompletelydestroyed 4 firealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefire 5 onthe11thfloor 6 knowshowthefirestarted Perhapsitwasstartedbyan 7 electricity fireintheceilingofoneoftheoffices Officeworkerstriedtoputoutthefire 8 itwasimpossibletocontrol 9 Soonthewholefloorwasonfireanditwasimpossibleforpeopleonthefloorsabove 10 escape Onepossibleversion Morethan220peoplewerekilledinthefire destroyedtheCapitalBuild