2012浙江省高考新增词汇讲解.doc

1. briefly adv. 简短地，简洁地Please outline briefly the history of our school.brief : 简短的，简要的To be brief (with you), we cant accept such harsh terms.In brief(in short) he says No他简短地说了一个“不”字。2. choke vi&vt （使)窒息，呛；塞满，塞住She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。An old woman was found choked to death. 发现一个老妇人被掐死了。3. circumstance n. 环境，形势circumstance指”环境，情形”时常用于复数形式，侧重某个动作或行为发生时的具体背景或客观形势或是事实条件如:The circumstances（客观形势） forced me to make the decision. Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他.environment既可指自然环境，又可指影响某人或某事发展的外部环境，如社会状况，文化背景，家庭环境等一般说来environment强调这些条件的总和对人或事物造成的大方向上的本质上的影响如:The moral characters of man are formed not by heredity(遗传) but by environment. surroundings可以指自然环境，又可以指影响某人或某事发展的外部环境。但所涉及的概念比 environment 要小的多，通常仅指一个人所在或所居住的地点，或指其周围的事物或自然环境如：Usually it will take a person quite a period of time to adapt to his new surroundings.4. coincidence n. 巧合，巧事；(意见、爱好等的)一致What a coincidence！By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time5. commitment n. 承诺，保证；信奉；承担的义务In the last decade，however，we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal，greater commitment，and greater success than at any period in our history.在过去十年中，我们比历史上任何时期都力求更加热心地，更加献身地，更加成功地来达到这个目标。commit：（1）犯，行，作，如： commit a crime（犯罪），commit a blunder（犯错），commit murder（杀人），commit suicide（自杀）等。（2）委托，付诸，如：commit a thing to a friend for safekeeping（托友保管一物）（3）承担，使.承担任务； 使表态如：He would not commit himself in any way. 他不愿作任何承诺。（4）牵累，陷入，献身（devote oneself wholly to）如：He has committed himself to the cause of education（他献身于教育事业。）5. consequently: as a consequenceThe rain was heavy, and consequently the road was flooded.6. constantly ad. 经常地；不断地The area was constantly hit by drought.Mother constantly picked at her for being lazy.7. deny v. 否认，不承认；拒绝给予，拒绝要求1. 否认 deny sth；deny doing sth = deny having done sth如：He denied the signature. 他否认这是他的签名。He denied knowing anything about their plans. = He denied having known anything about their plans. 他否认知悉他们的计划。2）拒绝给予 = refuse to give，结构是：deny sb sth = deny sth to sbHe denied the money to his son.= He denied his sone the money.他拒绝给儿子钱。3）vt.抛弃/背弃 He has denied his party and his principles.他背弃了他的党和他的原则。固定句型：There is no denying that毫无疑问Eg: There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.8. fundamental a. 基本(础)的，根本的，重要的Many fundamental work need more efforts in China.中国还有许多基础性工作要做。9. glance意为“匆匆一瞥”，是不及物动词，其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。如：1) He glanced at his watch他匆匆看了一下手表。2) She glanced down the list of names 她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。3）He glanced at his watch and then looked at the sky.他看了看手表,然后又看了看天空。stare意为“凝视”，它也是一个不及物动词，其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。如：1.She stared at him in surprise她惊讶地瞪着他看。2.He was staring out to the sea 他凝目眺望大海。3.He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。glare意为“怒视；瞪眼”，也是不及物动词，其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。如：1.They stood glaring at each other他们互相怒目而视地站着。2.She glared at me.她眼睛瞪着我。3.The old gentleman just stood there glaring at the pickpocket and did not say a word.这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视,一句话也没有说。involve vt. 包含，含有；使卷入，使参于；牵涉eg: He was involved in working out a plan.The scandal involved 11 officers and supervisors.particularly ad. 特别，尤其= in particularespecially adv. 特别；尤其；格外specially adv. 特别地；专门地particularly adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地1.、强调目的时通常用 specially 或 especially，一般与表目的的不定式或介词 for 短语连用。如：I was asked specially to meet her. 特意要我去接她。We bought it specially for you. 这是我们特意为你买的。The book is written especially specially for children. 这本书是专门为孩子们写的。2、表示列举时当用于陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子作进一步强调时，一般用 especially，有时也用 particularly，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。如： We want to invite some friends， especially Jim and John. 我们想邀请几个朋友，尤其是吉姆和约翰。 Noise is unpleasant，especially when youre trying to sleep. 噪音是令人不愉快的，尤其是当你想入睡的时候。The children enjoyed watching the animals，especially particularly the monkeys. 孩子们喜欢观看动物，尤其是猴子。simply ad. 简单地；完全，简直；只不过Its not simply a matter of money 这不完全是钱的问题。Sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. spoil v. 损坏；溺爱；变质It is you who always spoil me that much(溺爱)Some food is likely to spoil easily.（变质）subscribe v. 订阅，订购；同意；捐助Which journal s do you subscribe to?你订阅哪一种杂志？No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.只有疯子才会同意这样的观点。We subscribe to an animal protection society.我们定期捐款给一个动物保护基金会。survey：n. 调查；测勘；全面审视The surveyor