中考英语专题复习之语法1.docx

中考英语专题复习之语法一、五种基本句型和十大词类(一) 五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词+（不接成分、adv.、prep.短语、to do、ing分词、n.）例子：The spring wind is blowing./ He should listen attentively in class./The sun rises in the east./ She will go to school see her sister this week./ We often go swimming in summer.2、主语+系动词+表语（n. pron. adj. adv. 动名词、ed分词 perp.短语、to do 、that 从句、wh-从句 、how to do ）例子：She because a lawyer last year./ He is one of the finest singers./The boy is very honest. /I must be off now./ His hobby is collecting stamps ./The mountain is covered with snow./The old man is in a good health./His hope is to go to college./The problem is that he cant come./The question is what he can do./ The problem is how to learn English.3、主语+及物动词+宾语（n. pron. oneself. 动名词、to do 、that 从句、wh-从句）例子：We have learned English for 3 years./ He often help us in need./Help yourself to some sweet/ He promised not to let out the secret./I dont know how to use the computer./I wonder whether he can come or not./I found that this was not a light task./ He enjoys playing games.4、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补（n. adj. adv. 动名词、ed分词 perp.短语、to do 、do ）例子： I found her a famous writer./ All of us believe him honest./You can find the light still on ./Dont keep your mother waiting./ He found his pocket picked./ I think it important to do ./Do you expect him to come./ We soon got the fire under control.5、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语=主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语简称为接双宾的结构常用的接双宾的词用(to) give lend offer post sell send show take teach tell write throw pass例子：He gave me some money the other day=He gave me some money to me the other day.He told me a funny story= He told a funny story to me. Please pass me some water.=Please pass some water to me.常用的接双宾的词用(for) buy choose do keep save cook build sing 例子：I buy my mother a cell phone.=I buy a cell phone for my mother.Please choose me a new tie.=Please choose a new tie for me.Save me some food.=save some food for me.（二）十大词类名词（一）名称的分类1、专有名词 （Asia London China Sunday The Great Wall 、Bill Gates等）2、普通名词（1）可数名词表示个体名词：teacher panda computer doctor等表示集体名词：family class team people cattle army 等（2）不可数名词：物质名词 表示无法分的物质和材料 air water milk bread ice fire rain wood wind meat cotton food rice snow steel glass sugar oxygen wheat grain coffee等抽象名词 表示性质、状态、行为、情感、心理等music youth power health danger work death love weather history courage honesty wealth friendship advice knowledge equipment progress news information pleasure freedom experience 等 3、 可数名词有单数与复数的区别，表示一个用单数，两个以上用复数，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加-s或-es构成。如：a book一本书, three apples三个苹果.1). 名词变复数的规则：(1) 直接加-s 如： tree-trees树, desk-desks桌 cards parents schools (2) 以s,x, ch, sh, 结尾的加es. Bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches手表, brush-brushes刷子glass address(3). 以辅音字母+ y结尾的，改y为i再加es : Country-countries 国家、乡村, city-cities城市 baby family factory century company library 特别注意：boy monkey toy play(剧本) (4). 以f或者fe 结尾的词，改F为v+ es : f/knife-knives刀, leaf-leaves 树叶, wife 妻子-wives thief-thieves小偷, himself/herself/itself-themselves, life-lives生命(5). 以O结尾的单词 有生命的+-es 无生命+sHero-heroes英雄, Negro-negroes黑人 , potato-potatoes 土豆, tomato-tomatoes西红柿. radios ,photos ，videos , studios , zoos , pianos. 2). 名词复数的不规则形式有：man-men男人, woman-women女人, child-children孩子们, Chinese-Chinese中国人, Japanese-Japanese日本人, Englishman-Englishmen英国人, Frenchman-Frenchmen法国人 , policeman -policemen 注意： German Germans（德国人）foot-feet脚, tooth-teeth牙齿, deer-deer鹿, sheep-sheep绵羊, fish-fish鱼, ox-oxen公牛, mouse-mice老鼠 一个男医生 a man doctor 三个男医生 3 men doctors 一个女教师 a woman teacher 十位女教师 10 women teachers4、不可数名词没有单数与复数的区别，不能在名词后加-s或-es，也不能与数词直接使用，表示不可数名词的量，要用容器的量来表示，即：单位+of+不可数名词（原形），如：a cup of tea一杯茶, five pieces of paper五张纸, six glasses of water六杯水 three pieces of news 注：常见的不可数名词有：bread面包, news新闻, information信息, weather天气, newspaper报纸, work工作, homework家庭作业, housework家务, Chinese/Japanese汉语、日语等语言,fish鱼肉,meat肉, chicken鸡肉,water水,milk牛奶.5、可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词（主要复习用以下词修饰）只修饰可数名词：a few ,few, many, a number of, dozens of, the quantity of 等 只修饰不可数名词：a little ,little，much, a great deal of 等既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词：some ,any, plenty of , enough, a lot of 等3). 名词的所有格：有生命的名词加s表示所有关系。The childrens house is near Toms.这些孩子们的家靠近汤姆的家。(1).凡是不以s结尾的名词加s : the boys bag这男孩的包, Mikes knife迈克的小刀, the Childrens Palace少年宫, mens room男厕所 (2).若名词已有s结尾，只加 ：:the Teachers Day教师节 , the workers struggle工人的斗争, ten minutes walk十分钟的路程. Its about two hours walk from here to my hometown.从这到我的家乡大约是两个小时的路程。(3).表示几个人共有一样东西，在最后一个人的名字后加s, 若表示各自所有，则须在各名字后加s, 如：This is Tom and Mikes room.。 这是汤姆和迈克共用的房间。(只有一间房)These are Toms and Mikes rooms. 这些是汤姆和迈克各自的房间。（共有两间房，每人各自一间）2) 无生命的名词用of短语表示所有关系，即：the+部分+the+名词（。的东西）如：the windows of the house 房间的窗户the title of the song 歌的题目the map of China 中国的地图注意：