冀教版初一英语上册时态语法归纳.doc

冀教版初一英语上册语法时态知识归纳时态知识：一般现在时：（1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。）1、标志：often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不）,on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年）2、结构：（1）主语+连系动词be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态（包括There be +n.）练习：1.I_(be) a student. My name_(be) Tom. 2. Where _(be) my shoes? They_(be) here.3.Who _(be) the girl with long straight hair? I think she _(be) Kate. 4. You and I _(not be) in Class Six.5._(be) there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue? Yes, there_(be). 6. _ her parent tall? No, he_.（2）主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他 （用助动词do 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）（3）主语（第三人称单数）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用助动词does 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式1.- s 2. 辅音+y: study-studies 3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾watch-watches teach-teaches4特殊have-has do-does go-goes1)His parents _(watch) TV every night. 肯定句 1) My brother _(do) homework every day.2)His parents _(not watch) every night.否定句2)My brother_(not do)homework every day.3)_his parents_(watch) TV every night?一般疑3)_ your brother _ homework every day?Yes, they _. No, they _. Yes, he_. No, he _.4)When_ his parents _(watch) TV? 特疑 4)When _ your brother _(do) homework? They watch TV every night. He does homework every day.现在进行时：表示说话瞬间或现阶段正在进行的动作。1、标志: now（现在）listen（看）look（听）2、结构:主语+助动词be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(doing)现在分词的构成：1.-ing: eat-eating 2.辅音字母+e: take-taking 3. sit, put, begin, run, swim, stop, get, shop,（双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing.）练习：1. Jim _(take) photos in the park now. 2. Jim_(not take) in the park now.3. _Jim_(take) photos in the park now? Yes, he _. No, he _.4. Where _Jim _ photos now? In the park.语法知识：1动词be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。2this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的，我是，你是谁？注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am, Are you？/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？Yes, it is. 是的，它是。Whats that? 那是什么？Its a kite. 是只风筝。3these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。4名词s所有格单数名词后直接加 “ s ”：Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词，只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子） 5There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。”其基本结构为“There be某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：There is a tree behind the house.There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：There is a book and some pens on the floor.There are some pens and a book on the floor. 6like一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。7句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe, youyou，she,he,it they。如：She is a girl. They are girls.(2)am，is要变为are。如：Im a student. We are students.(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. They are apples.(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This is a box. These are boxes.8英语日期的表示法英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。9.时间的表达法(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。（以30分为分界线）1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five(3)12小时制6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分(4)24小时制13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)时间前通常用at.at 5 oclock at 7:30 p.m.10. want用法(1)想干什么用want to do sthThey want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化He wants to play basketball.Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does.Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I dont.Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , he doesnt时态知识：情态动词：1、任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形 2、主语+ cant/may not/ mustnt+动词原形 3、Can/May/Must + 主语+ 动词原形？ 4、疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形？非谓语动词（是固定搭配）1. like+ to do不定式/doing动名词 2.want to do sth. 3. love to do 4. would like to do sth.5. enjoy doing sth. 6. thanks for doing 7. stop doing sth 8. let sb. do sth. She wants _(have) a party. Does he like _(swim)? Thanks for _(enjoy) CCTV show. She never stops _(talk). 祈使句：Go straight and turn left/ right.Go through Fifth Avenue.Take a taxi（Take a bus，Take a walk）综合练习：1.Mr Green _(be) a worker. Now he _(work) in the field. 2.Listen! Who_(sing)?3.What time _ your brother usually _(do) his homework? 4.You can_(come) here by bus.5. Who _(have) a ruler? 6.Are they_(clean) the room? 7.-_ you_(eat) dinner? Yes, we are.8.Jack _(have) a soccer ball, but he _(not have) a basketball. 9._Jim _(like)_(run)?10.They _(be) from Canada. They_(not speak) Chinese. 11. He wants _(be) tall. 1.我们正在吃晚餐。 2、我们每天6点起床。 We _. We _ at six every day.3你们在聊天吗？是的。 4、他们常常聊天吗？不是。 _ they _? Yes, they _. _ they often _ ? No, they _.5、他在做什么？他在做作业。 6、他晚上常干什么？他常做作业。 What _he _? He_. What _he usually _ in the evening? He usually_.答案： 1.are having dinner 2. get up 3. Are , talking , are 4. Do , talk, dont 5. is doing, is doing homework 6. does, do, does , homework七人称代词： 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他/她/它们 主格： I you he she it we you they 宾格： me you him her it us you them形容词性物主代词： 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的 my your his her its our your their练习：1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher. 2.This is (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen. 4._(他们的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to _(我). 6. People get _(他们的) money from _(我). 7._(他们) are new students. _(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily. 8. These are _(我们的) shoes. Can _(我们) wear _(它们). 9Thank _ for _(你的) help. 10. _(他)