2011年高考上海卷含解析.doc

（2011上海卷 T25）25. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.A. through B. up C. with D. from25【解析】选A。考查介词用法。句意为：毕业时刻是感谢曾经帮助你度过艰难岁月的好时间。help sb. through sth.帮助某人度过某段时期（尤指艰难的时期）；help sb. up把某人扶起来；help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事；from来自，自以来。由句意和这几个介词的意义可知选A。（2011上海卷 T26）26. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.A. the other B. other C. the others D. another26【解析】选D。考查代词的用法区别。句意为：为了保持清醒状态，他喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯。another指在原来的基础上的“再一（个），又一（个）”，表示增加，由句意可知他是在喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯，故用another；the other指的是两者之间的“另外一个”；other意为“另一，另一些”，但没有增加的意思；the others表示其余的全部，由句子语境可知A，B，C三个选项都不符合句意。（2011上海卷 T27）27. Its no use _ without taking action.A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained27【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意为：光抱怨而不采取任何行动是没用的。根据句型Its no use doing sth.“做某事没有意义”可知选B。（2011上海卷 T28）28. I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.A. cant B. mustnt C. darent D. neednt28【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为：我不必为周末忧虑-我总是在周末到来前准备好计划。cant不能，表示没有能力做某事或劝别人不要做某事；mustnt禁止，不可以，是命令式的，表示禁止或命令；darent不敢，表示主观上不敢做某事；neednt不必，表示没有必要做某事。由句意和语境可知D。（2011上海卷 T29）29. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with _ money.A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little29【解析】选C。考查副词用法。句意为：当妈妈回顾他们婚姻初期时，她不知道他们是如何在如此少的金钱的情况下顺利度过那些日子的。当名词前有few，little， many 或much修饰时用副词so，而不用such，又money为不可数名词，故选C。（2011上海卷 T30）30. It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, _?A. doesnt it B. does it C. dont they D. do they30【解析】选B。考查反义疑问句。句意为：他们是否想来参加你的聚会无关紧要。对It doesnt matter if句型进行反义疑问，需要对主句进行反义，故选B。（2011上海卷 T31）31. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ four days later.A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued31【解析】选B。考查时态。句意为：迷失在暴风雨四天后，一名海军成员被救起。由句中的时间状语four days later可知句子要用一般过去时，又a member of the navy team与rescue之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态形式，故选B。（2011上海卷 T32）32. The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved32【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意为：被从烹饪锅中救起得稀有鱼已经被放回大海。save与fish之间是动宾关系，由句意可知the rare fish被救起发生在过去，故要用save的过去分词saved表示被动完成的含义，选A。（2011上海卷 T33）33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, _ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized33【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意为：我一度下定决心和山姆叔叔交谈。然后，当意识到他不能帮忙时，我改变了主意。I 与realize之间是主动关系，因此要用realizing形式表示主动关系，故选C。（2011上海卷 T34）34. Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition?A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed34【解析】选A。考查时态。句意为：你预计会有很多学生将要报名参加舞蹈比赛吗？由Did you predict可知that从句中的谓语动词要用与过去有关的时态，又由动词predict“预计”可知从句的谓语动词要用过去将来时，选A。（2011上海卷 T35）35. There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. what B. if C. how D. that35【解析】选D。考查同位语从句和引导词。句意为：有清晰的证据证明最难诠释的感情是身体上的疼痛。分析句子结构可知the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain作evidence的同位语，因此引导词要用that，that在同位语从句中不作成分，但不能省略，故选D。（2011上海卷 T36）36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.A. whether B. after C. though D. until36【解析】选D。考查状语从句和连词。句意为：如果许多人都说一部电影不好的话，我不会费心去观看，我将一直等到DVD版本的电影出版。whether是否；after在以后；though尽管，虽然；until直到，根据句意可知选D。（2011上海卷 T37）37. The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if37【解析】选C。考查状语从句和连词。句意为：为了我们能过上安全的生活，我们城市的警察工作很努力。in case以免，（以防）万一；as if好像；in order that为了；only if只有，由句意可知选C。（2011上海卷 T38）38. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A. why B. that C. which D. what38【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意为：你想用言语表达的信息或许与其他人实际上理解的内容恰恰相反。why引导定语从句或宾语从句；that引导宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句，定语从句或主语从句，但在主语从句中不作成分；which引导定语从句或宾语从句；what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，可以理解为“的人、事物等”，由句意可知选D。（2011上海卷 T39）39. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. which B. where C. when D. as39【解析】选A。考查定语从句和引导词。句意为：你将发现有出租车等在汽车站，你可以租用出租车达到主人家。分析句子结构可知定语从句的先行词是bus station，bus station在定语从句中做hire的宾语，故用引导词which，故选A。（2011上海卷 T40）40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost40【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意为：今天我们拥有聊天室、手机短信、电子邮件但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技巧。由seem to do sth.可知答案在B、C两项中选择，又根据句意可知空白处要用表示动作的动词，故选B。（2011上海卷 ）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 52 that the customer remains a customer. 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. differe nce57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient【文章大意】在激烈的市场竞争中，谁留住了客户谁就发展壮大，看看本文是如何看待留住客户的。50.【解析】选B。in reality相当于in fact 事实上，根据前后句意：这听起来非常简单也易行，但是智慧的语言很快就会被遗忘。in reality在这里用于进一步说明事实的真相。in particular特别，尤其；at least至少；first of all 首先。利用排除法，所以选B.51.【解析】选C. 根据前两句可知，一旦公司吸引了客户，他们经常忘记这个故事的第二部分，即留住客户。所以选C。overlook忽略；emphasize 强调，重视；doubt怀疑；believe相信，认为。52.【解析】选B。破折号后面的 “_ that the customer remains a customer”是用来解释说明前面的 “what they regard as the boring side of business”所知的内容的，故根据句意“确保客户仍然是客户”可知选B项。ensure确保；deny否定，拒绝；argue辩论；prove证明。53.【解析】选D。根据上文再联系本句可知给公司造成重大损失的原因是没能够集中精力留住客户和吸引客户，fail to do sth.没能够做某事，符合句意，故选D。54.【解析】选A。句意为：在不断变化的市场中，这不足为奇。故选A。taste口味；price价格；expense消费，开支。55.【解析】选C。句意为：到了现在组织才开始对这些丢失的机会醒悟过来并开始计算其中的资金联系。cultural文化的；social社会的；financial财政的，资金的；economical经济的。56.【解析】选D。make a big difference有很大影响，有很大关系。57.【解析】选C。由第二段最后一句可知应该是“导致（产生）百分之二十五到八十五的利润增长”。cost费用，损失；opportunity机会；profit利润；budget预算。58.【解析】选A。句意为：假如客户第一次就接收到糟糕的产品或服务，结果他不会再来的，这样公司失去成千上万的潜在的利润。as a result结果；on the whole基本上，大体上；in conclusion总之；on the contrary正相反。59.【解析】选B。huge巨大的；potential潜在的；extra额外的；reasonable合理的。60.【解析】选B。培育客户忠诚度背后的逻辑是不可能否认的。belief信任，信仰；loyalty忠诚；habit习惯；interest兴趣。61.【解析】选C。句意为：事实上，大多数公司的市场努力集中在赢得客户，而很少关心留住他们。alter改变；keep留住；attract吸引。62.【解析】选C。句意为：固定的客户往往买更多的产品，有预测性，在服务方面通常比新客户花费的少。Assumed假装的，假定的；respected受尊敬的；established已建立的，固定下来的；unexpected意外的，预料不到的。63.【解析】选D。此外，固定的客户往往对价格不太敏感，他们可以提供口头的免费广告。agreeable令人愉快的，惬意的；flexible灵活的；friendly友好的；sensitive敏感的。64.【解析】选B。报留住客户也使竞争者很难进入市场或增长市场份额。unfair不公平的；essential必要的，本质的；convenient方便的，便利的。（2011上海卷 A）AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mothers brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldnt dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just childrens theatre but adult comedies and dramasand her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and Ill never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquiss Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activitiesand it didbut it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil w ho has crossed her path.65. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?A. She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays.66. What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play.67. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to _.来源:学&A. develop her capabilities for writing B. give her a chance to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activities D. offer her a series of writing jobs68. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who _.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者的舅妈Aunt Myrtle作为一位出色的教师，善于引导学生发现自身潜力，并在发展爱好和兴趣的同时给予学生们信心的故事。65【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话She took me to the theatre-not just childrens was not disappointed可知Aunt Myrtle不仅带作者去看儿童剧同时也去看成人剧，故D项说法正确。由第三段第一句和第二句可知A项说法错误；由第二段第二句可知B项说法错误；由第二段第三句可知C项说法错误。66【解析】选A。推理判断题。由Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour，and Ill never forget the joy of中的humour和joy可知句的斜体字是与humour和joy相关的，故选A。67【解析】选A。归纳总结题。由文章第四段可知Aunt Myrtle推荐作者作报纸的编辑主要是为了锻炼作者的写作能力，故选A。68【解析】选B。归纳总结题。通过理解全文和最后一段可知Aunt Myrtle作为一位老师，总是给予学生们信心并充分开发他们的潜力，故选B。（2011上海卷 B）BHumpback whalesHumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives.来源:Zxxk.Com Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach. A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water. The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same. Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.来源:Z。xx。k.ComQuick Facts来源:Zxxk.ComSize:14m18m in length3050 tons in weightLivingOpen ocean and shallow coastline watersEnvironment:From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.Diet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small sizeHunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Current state:endangered; it is estimated that there are about 50007000 humpback whales worldwide.69. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale _.A. cannot survive in waters near the shore B. doesnt live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on underwater plants D. prefers to work alone when hunting food70. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways to jump high.C. blow two streams of water D. communicate with a group of humpbacks.71. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale _.A. has its unique markings on it tail flukes B. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it hunts D. is a great performer due to its songs【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文，主要讲了座头鲸名字的由来和生活习性等。69【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章右栏中的Migration中的内容可知humpback whale在热带水域繁殖，在寒带水域中觅食，故B项说法正确。根据living environment中的内容可知A项说法错误；根据Diet中的内容可知C项说法错误；由Hunting中的内容可知D项说法错误。70【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的内容可知A项为正确选项。71【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知A项说法正确，B项错误；由第一段可知C项和D项说法错误。（2011上海卷 C）C Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed h