小学英语语法与练习.doc

小学英语语法与练习犁牛河中心学校 张高增系动词Be(am, is, are)的用法一、请记住以下口诀：我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 二、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：1am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not = wasnt）2are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not = werent）3带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和am,is, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。相关练习题一、用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy._ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How_ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I ? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The two cups of milk _ for me. 17. Some tea _ in the glass. 18. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 19. My sisters name _ Nancy. 20. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 21._David and Helen from England? 22. There _ a girl in the room. 23. There _ some apples on the tree. 24. _ there any kites in the classroom? 25. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 26. There _ some bread on the plate. 27. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 28. You, he and I _ from China.二、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now（刚才）.2. He _ at the hotel last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago(刚才).5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.9. I _ an English teacher now.10. She _ happy yesterday.11. They _ glad to see each other last month.12. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.13. The little dog _ two years old this year.14. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.15. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excite1、 名词复数规则 1. 一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches(手表)3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 但boy-boys4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives leaf-leaves5. 以o结尾 有生命的加es 无生命的加s，如：potato-potatoes tomatoes photo-photos piano-pianos不规则名词的复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, goose-geese不可数名词没有复数形式： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea 在具体句子中我们应该把不可数名词当成单数看待 一、写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _ her _ child _photo _ diary_day_ foot_book_dress_tooth_ sheep _box_peach_ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_二、一般现在时 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的标志词：often, usually, sometimes, every等一般现在时的构成主语+动词原形。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it，my father等)时 主语(三单)+动词的三单形式（要在动词后加-s或-es） 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如： I dont like bread. He doesnt like bread, too.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 如： Do you go to school by bike? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。 如： Does she go to school by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How dou you go to school? How does your father go to work? 动词的第三人称单数的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, make-makes2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 但play-plays不规则变化 have-has一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_come_watch_ plant_ fly _二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Mondays.4. Tom _(not go) to the zoo on Sundays.5. _ they _(like) apples?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your father _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. There _(be) some water in the bottle(瓶子).10. Mike _(like) cooking.11. You always _(do) your homework well.12. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.13. Liu Yun _(do) not like PE.14. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening_三、按照要求改写句子1. Jack watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)三、现在进行时1现在进行时 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句 基本结构：主语+be+ 动词ing. 如： I am eating.现在进行时的否定句 基本结构：主语+be not + 动词ing. 如： I am not eating. 现在进行时的一般疑问句 基本结构： be动词 +主语 +动词ing. 如： Are you eating？现在进行时的特殊疑问句 基本结构：特殊疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing? 如：What are you eating? 现在进行时 动词的ing形式（动词的现在分词）的变化规则1 一般情况下直接在动词后面加ing read-reading sleep-sleeping study-studying clean-cleaning play-playing 2 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉字母e，再加ing come-coming make-making ride-riding have-having take-taking write-writing dance-dancing 3 以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现 “辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing stop-stopping停 sit-sitting坐 run-running跑 beginbeginning开始 cut-cutting切 get-getting得到 swim-swimming游 dig-digging挖1、 写出下列动词的现在分词（即ing形式）：play_ run_swim_ make_go_like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_sing_ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing) in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook ) the mealsnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance ) in the classroom .8.What is your grandmother doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its5oclock now. We _(have) dinner now.10._Helen_(wash ) clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改成一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)四、一般将来时 2、 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作以及打算或者准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, this weekeng, next day(week, month, year),等。 二、基本结构： 主 + be going to + 动词原形； 主 +will+ 动词原形. I am going to play football tomorrow（明天）. = I will play football tomorrow. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not，主 + be not going to + 动词原形。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： 把be提到句首，some改为any, 第一二人称互换。 Be + 主+ going to +动词原形?例如：We are going to swim this weekend. Are you going to swim this weekend? 填空1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子1.Lucy is going to go hiking.（改否定） Lucy _ _ going to go hiking.2.Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?3. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _ she _ _ _ after school?4. My father and mother are going to see a film tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a film tomorrow?5、 一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2一般过去时Be动词的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3没有be动词的一般过去时 肯定句： 主语+动词过去式？ 如： Jim went home yesterday.否定句： 主语+didnt +动词原形？ 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句： Did+主语+动词原形？ 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如：What did Jim do yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：clean-cleaned, cook-cooked2以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加d，如：like-liked live-lived3末尾有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写末尾的辅音字母，加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 但play-played5不规则动词过去式：am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, fly-flew, , swim-swam 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?一写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ draw_ put _swim_ kick_ pass_ do_ 二、用动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last weekend.4. Lucy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a snowman with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 9.She _ (be) happy yesterday.10. Yang Ling _ (be) eleven years old last year. 11. There _ (be) an apple on the plate yesterday. 三、句型转换1. All the students were very excited.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. We sang some English songs.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_ 3. They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_六、比较级1、比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。一般句式的构成： A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格 如： She is taller than me. 2形容词加er的规则： 一般在词尾加er 如：small-smaller clean-cleaner ； 以字母e 结尾，加r 如：fine-finer nice-nicer；闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 如：big-bigger hot-hotter ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 如：heavy-haevier easy-easier。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better, 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long much many big (1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4) How is the white T-shirt? Its 100 yuan.(5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5.(6) How is the fish? Its 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im than you.(2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.(5) This bag is beautiful) of the three(三、根据中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. Im than my brother.(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 谁比你重? than you.(5) 他比你更强壮. He is than you.四、根据答句写出问句(1) Im 160 cm.(2) Im 12 years old.(3) My shoes are 80 yuan. (4) Amys hair is 30 cm long.(5) I have three English books.七、There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最接近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在b