八年级下册第七单元复习综合.doc

Unit 7Would you mind turning down the music?【单元目标】单词与短语minddish task clothing postersolution annoy line return voiceetiquette normal AsianEurope allow public impolite coughsmoke sneezecriticize drop litter behave perhapspolite uncomfortable not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节(收音机等)使音量变小right away 立刻；马上wait in line 排队等候cut in line插队 keep down 控制at first 首先 break the rule不服从；不遵守put out 熄灭 put on 穿上pick up 捡起 even if 即使目标句型：1. Would you mind doing? 2. Do you mind doing?3. Could / Can / Will / May you please do? 4. Would you mind not doing?5. Not at all. Ill do it right away. 6. Sorry，Ill do it right away.7. Please do / dont 8. Youd better do重点句型1. Would you mind turning down the music?2. whether和if引导从句的用法。3. get的用法【重难点分析】1. Would you mind?和Do you mind? 用于询问或请求别人做某事，或请求他人的许可。(1)mind后面可以用-ing形式，复合结构 ones doing或if引导的从句。 Would you mind doing the dishes? Do you mind doing the dishes？ Please do the dishes. 请把餐具洗了好吗? (表示请求别人做事) Would you mind turning down the radio? Do you mind turning down the radio? 请把收音机关小点好吗？(2)Would you mind my doing? = Do you mind if I do? 这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许可。 Would you mind my smoking here？ Do you mind if I smoke here? 你介意我在这里吸烟吗？ Would you mind my asking you a question? Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我问你一个问题好吗？ Would you mind my opening the window?Do you mind my opening the window? Can I open the window? 注意：在美国口语中还可以将这个句型用Would you mind me doing sth.？来表达，但是在书面表达中要用my。 Would you mind me using your car? 我用一下你的车好吗？(3)询问有关人们感觉的一般性问题，可以用Do you mind?通常不用Would you mind? Do you mind people smoking in your house? 你介意别人在你家里吸烟吗? 这里不能说Would you mind people smoking in your house?(4)这个句型的否定形式是在mind后加not，即Would you mind not?或Do you mind not? Would you mind not playing basketball here? 你不要在这打篮球好吗？ Would you mind not wearing those old jeans?(5)回答DoWould you mind? 提出的问题时，表示允许要说No; Not at all ; Certainly not. ; Of course not. No, not at all等；如果介意要做肯定回答Yes. 或Yes，Im sorry，but I do. ;Youd better not等， -Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以问你的一个问题吗? -No，please do.可以，请问吧。2. 通常既可用whether 也可用if 表示“是否”来引导从句，常置于see，ask，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out等动词之后。 Im not sure whether /if Ill have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。 He asked me whether/if I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there.只能使用whether的场合(1)只有whether能用在介词后面 Success depends on whether we make enough effort.(2)在英语中与or (not) 连用的词通常是whether Whether we help him or not，he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否， 他都将失败。(3)带to的动词不定式前用whether，而不用if Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是留。 They didnt know whether to agree or keep silent. 他们不知道是应该同意还是保持沉默。(4)whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能 Whether the meeting will be in Beijing is not known yet. 会议是否在北京举行还不得而知。 Its not sure whether he is free. 他是否有时间不确定。3. get on / get off ( a / the bus，train，boat，plane) 上/下（公共汽车、火车、船、飞机） She got on / off the bus quickly. get on还可以表示为：相处融洽、继续。 Get on with your work! 继续工作吧！ I get on well with all my classmates. 我和所有的同学相处都很融洽。 get的其它的用法：(1)表示“到达，抵达”，如果后接表示到达某地的名词，get后面要接介词to，如果get后接的是地点副词就可以直接在get后使用。 She got there at six. 她六点钟到达那里。（there为地点副词） When we got to the station， the bus was waiting. 当我们到达车站时，汽车还在等着。（the station是名词）(2)get sth. done使；受；让人做好；经历；让；做（该做的事） Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。 I must get the television fixed. 我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。(3)get与宾语+形容词连用，其意思是“使某物/某人成为” I got my feet wet. 我把脚弄湿了。 Its time to get the kids ready for school. 该给孩子们收拾好去上学了。 (4)成为 My hands are getting cold. 我的手冷。 The foods getting cold. 菜凉了。 This skirt is getting dirty；it needs washing. 这件短裙脏了，该洗一洗了。 He is getting old. 他渐渐老了。(5)获得，取得 I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市场上买点水果。 Ill get something to eat before I got out. 我出去之前要找点东西吃。单词讲解1.solution (n) 解答；解决方法 （v）solve 解决；解答 eg. we finally found the solution of that problem.solve the math problem = work out the math problem. 解决/算出这道数学题2 .polite (adj) 有礼貌的；客气的 politely (adv) 有礼貌地 (反义词) impolite 没礼貌的Eg. It polite to say goodbye to the host when you are going. 3.perhaps = maybe 或许；大概4. return = give back 归还 He will return my book this weekend. come back 回来 He will return home this weekend.5.cut in line = jump the queue 插队；不按次序排队 cut in 插话 cut up 切碎 cut down 切下 6.voice (n) (指人的)声音；嗓音；语态 in a voice 以声音 eg. The mother sing the cradle in a gentle voice to the infant.Dont speak to the old in a high voice. 别大声地与老人说话。7.term : 1)术语 2)学期=semester8.behave (v) 举止；表现 (n) behavior 行为；举止；表现Eg. The boy behaved better than usual this time.Please pay attention to your behavior.9.Asian (adj) 亚洲的；亚洲人的(n) 亚洲10. European (adj) 欧洲的；欧洲人的 Europe (n) 欧洲11.allow (v) 允许；承认 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事eg. We do not allow smoking in the hall. Her mother allowed him to go to the movies with his fortable (adj) 舒服的 (反义词) uncomfortable不舒服的13.cough 咳嗽 have a cough 咳嗽14.public (n)公众 in public = in a public place = in public places 公共场所15. careful (adj) 小心的；仔细的 （adv）carefully 小心地；仔细地 be careful = look out 当心；小心16. drop (v) 扔；丢；落下 （过去式/过去分词）dropped （现在分词）dropping短语及知识点1. not at all = not a bit 一点也不2. right away = at once 马上；立刻3.wait in line 排队等候4.cut in line = jump the queue 插队5.keep down 压低（声音）；控制（愤怒）；使缓和(代作宾，放在心)6.at first 首先7.take care 当心；小心8.put out 熄灭；扑灭9.pick up 检起(代作宾，放在心)10.turn down 调小，调低 turn up 调大11.Thats no problem = No problem 没问题（答应别人提出的某种要求）12.complain about/ on/ upon sth 抱怨某事13.Could / Would / Will you please + 动原？ 请你做好吗？其否定式为： Could / Would / Will you please not +动原？ 请你别做好吗？类似用法：had better + 动原 ：最好做 had better not + 动原：最好别做eg.1)Would you please not talk in class? 请你别在课堂上讲话好吗？ 2) Youd better not go out at night.在夜间你最好别外出。14. annoying : 令人生气的（主语是人;可作定语） annoyed: (某人)感到生气(主语是人,只作表语)get annoyed = get angry :生气eg.1)This is an _ thing.这是一件使人生气的事。 2)He got _ when he heard his son was late for school again.当他听说儿子上学又迟到的时候他感到生气。注意：“-ed形容词”与“-ing形容词”的用法区别与上面的用法类似，如：surprised; amazed ; disappointed; excitedsurprising ; amazing ; disappointed; exciting15.sth happen to sb :某人发生了某事（即：对某人而言，某事发生了）eg.1)What happened to you yesterday?昨天你发生了什么事？(即：对你而言，昨天什么事发生了？) 2)A traffic accident happened to him last week上周他出了一个车祸（即：对他而言，上周有一个车祸发生了。）16.break the rule : 违反规则17.even if = even though : 尽管；甚至18. more polite : 更礼貌 the most polite 最礼貌19.People dont usually like to be criticized. 人们通常不喜欢受到批评。 to be criticized 受到批评（被动语态的不定是结构）20.Dropping litter is almost never allowed. 乱扔垃圾几乎是不允许的。1)Dropping littler: 动名词做主语2)is allowed 被允许（被动结构）三、语法：（一）定语从句（The Attributive Clause）在句中作定语的整个句子，叫定语从句。它修饰前面的名词或代词，这被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词是关系词（引导词）。同时，关系词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分（如：作主语；宾语；定语等）。那么如何选用关系词呢？1指人用：who / whom / that2指物用：which / that3指“某某的”用：whose(作定语从句中的定语)eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.（who/ that作定语从句中的主语,指人boy） 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你认识她的妈妈是司机的那个女孩吗？（whose作定语从句中mother的定语,指她的妈妈） 3)There are many famous predictions that never came true. 有许多从未实现的预言。（that作定语从句中的主语，指物predictions）注意： 如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well. 关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived= This is the house which/ that Lu Xun once lived in.这是鲁迅曾经住过的屋子。当先行词是指人的不定代词anyone , someone , somebody , anybody等时，关系词只能用who.eg. Anyone who hasnt handed in his homework should stay after school. 没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。先行词是指物的不定代词everything , something , anything , nothing时，关系词只能用that, 不用which.eg. Is there anything that I can do for you? 有让我做的事吗？先行词前有最高级、序数词时，只能用that， 不能用which / whoeg. This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的书。(这里that作read的宾语，当然也可省略)。（二）被动语态（The Passive Voice）初中英语被动语态小结一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如:Many people speak Chinese. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken 一般过去时:was/were+spoken 一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken 现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken 过去进行时:was/were being+spoken 现在完成时:have/has been+spoken 过去完成时:had been + spoken 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be