2013年职称英语新增文章理工C(WORD版本).doc

第十一篇When our Eyes Serve our Stomach Our senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world;theyre affected by whats going on in otir heads, A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten. Psychologists have known for decades that whats going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer cliildren think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter, Remi Radel of University of Nice Sopbia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index.On the day of his or her rest,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one ,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word , eachperson was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words theyd seen -a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception not in thinking processes,Radel says. This is something great to me, Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,1 know that our brain can really be at the disposal of 6 our motives andneeds , Radel says.词汇：threshold n. 起点，开端；门槛 disposal n. 处理，处置：配置neutral adj.中性的；中立的 motive n. 动机，目的strive v. 努力.力求：斗争注释：1.Our senses arent just delivering a strict view of in our heads ：这个句子的大概意思是：我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界；五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。2.university of Nice Sophia-Antipolis ：法国尼斯 索菲亚 安提波利斯大学t 简称尼斯大学1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7 处主校园，另外，还在萦菲亚 ，安提波利斯市( Sophia Antipolis) 、戛纳市( Cannes) 和芒东市( Menton) 设有校区。索菲亚 安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多高等学府的所在地。3.body mass index ：身体质量指数4.at the threshold of：当快要开始时5.in perception ：感知6.at the disposalof：受到的控制练习： 1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people. B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. C Hungrypeople are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment? A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees,hungry and non-hungry. C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment. D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.3. What does the writer want to tell us? A Humans senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world. B Whats perceived by our senses affects onr way of thinking. C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 4. What did the results of the experiment indicate? A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. C People who bad just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. D The participants could barely perceive what they needed or wbat they strived for. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. C Our thinking proeesses are independent of our senses. D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.答案与题解：1.C 第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related words 比较清楚.选项C 的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项A 说的是every word.所以不是答案。选项B 和D 文章中没有提到。2. B 答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel为了保证42 名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们10 分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B 是答案.3.C 虽然A、B、D 选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节.而非主旨，因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。4.A 第四段第三行中consciously 与A 项中的intentionally 是同义词。B 项neutral 意思为“ 中性的” 在本文中的意思是与food-relatad 相对的，即“与食物不相关的” 因此是错误选择：C项不符合课文原意；D项barely 意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有” 因此也不符合句意。5.D 选项A 所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项；B、C 内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。选项D 是答案. 最后一段第二句的“Humans an really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D 项提供了依据。 第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener ExperienceShimi,a musical companion developed by Georgia Techs Center for Music Technology, recommends songs,dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enableds ,one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive musical friend. Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music, said Professor Gil Weinberg , the robots creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests ,dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with abrain powered by an Android phone. Once docked the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. In other words, if theres an app for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software, Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its ears , or speakers,for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat Shimi analyzes it,scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestions. Once the music starts, Shimi dances to the rbythm. Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructioms, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan, Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimis reative and interactive capabilities. I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes. Weinberg said,Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement will Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines- small,entertaining and fun, Weinberg said. They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.词汇:pump v. 用抽水机抽：不断播放(音乐） scan v. 扫描；浏览sync n. 同步，同时；iv. 使同步 skip v. 轻跳，跳跃tempo n. 速度；节奏注释：1 . Georgia Tech ：全称是Georgia Institute of Technology ，佐治亚理工学院，建于1885 年，位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院，也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一 排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MTT) 和加州理工学院( CalTech) 。2. pump ：不断播放(音乐 ) 。例如：This radio station recently pumps out pop music. ( 这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐。)3. smartphone-enabled：由智能手机系统支持的4. is billed as ：相当于is advertised as ,意为“被标榜为”5. docking station：插接站，扩充基座，扩展插口6. Android：(科幻小说里的)机器人。本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以Linus 为基础的开放源代码操作系统，通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备。目前Android尚未有统一中文译名, 国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或”安致”。据2012年2月数据，Android占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额，中国市场占有率为68.4%。7. dock ： 对接8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities ：传感和音乐生成能力9. app：应用程序( =application)10. if the user taps a beat ：如果用户打出某个( 音乐) 拍子11 .in the works：正在准备阶段：在进行中或准备中12. intelligent service robots ：智能服务型机器人练习： 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs? A Shimi is a one-foot tall robot. B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion. C Shimi is a docking station with abrainpowered by an Android phone. D Shimi can gain tbe sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device.2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat? A It stores the beat in the musical library. B It transmits the beat to the docking station.C It Positions its speakers for optimal sound. D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with alat beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true? A Robots are limited by their programming instructions ,and Shimi is no exception. B Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song. C Existing apps allow the user to wave a band to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volume. D Shimi can be creative and interactive._ 4. What does the author want to tell us? A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi. B Weinberg only expects staffs from Georgia Tech. to develop more apps for Shimi. C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization. D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes. 5. Which of the following is Weinbergs assertion? A Shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart phones. B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes. C Shimis creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users. D Weinberg has reached an agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi.答案与题解：1.B 在前三段中均可找到与选项A、C、D 相应的句子，强调Shimi是一种电子设备；B 与原文不符，Shimi不是该机器人的发明者，Gi1 Weinberg 教授才是the robots creator。2.D 选项D 简要地表述了第三段的倒数第二句“If the user taps a beat，Shimi analyzes it， scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思，所以是答案。选项A、B、C 都不符合上述句子的含义。3.D 选项A 的意思与原文相反，虽然人们认为机器人受到程序指令的限制，但Shimi 却表现出具有创造能力和互动能力，所以A 不是答案。选项D 的意思与原文相同. 因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未来的应用程序：future apps in the works，而选项B，C 是指目前的应用程序，两者的表述均与原文有出入。4.A 第三段介绍Shimi的多种功能，第四段和第五段说Weinberg 还在开发更多的应用程序来丰富Shimi 的功能，还希望其他研发者也参与开发，因此，A 是答案。选项B 说Weinberg仅仅希望Georgia Tech 员工参与开发更多的应用软件.这与原文不符。文章最后一段告诉我们，Weinberg 正在与Georgia Tech 进行有关Shimi 商业化的谈判. 选项C 的意思与此相反，不会是答案。选项D 也与原文不符。5. B 选项A、C 和D 的内容Weinberg 都没有说过。第三段告诉我们，Shimi是Android smartphone 的扩充基座，并不适用于所有智能手机，所以A 选项不正确；sShimi 尚未进人市场，还谈不上公众对Shimi 欣赏与否的问题，因此选项C 不符合原意；Shimi正在进行商业化运作，但绝非已经完成，所以D 也不是正确选项。本题的答案是B 依据是最后一段倒数第二句。第八篇Why India Need Its Dying VulturesThe vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp(1)in three species of Indias vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration ,and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental (2). The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the (3) . It is also causing serious public health problems(4) the Indian sub-continent.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have(5) played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is(6) they feed on dead cows. In India,cows are sacred animals and are (7)left in the open wben they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has (8) an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may (9)as a result. And arts terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region ,since wild dogs are its main camers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species ,causing an even greater problem in the (10)The need for action is (11),so an emergency project has been launched to(12)a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds deaths and , if possible , develop a cure.Large-scale vulture (13) were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined (14) over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as critically endangered, As most vultures lay only single eggs and(15) about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficul: exercise.练习： 1. A decline B rise C teeth D eyes 2. A benefit B debate C problem D solution 3. A plants B birds C humans D cows 4. A over B with C through D across 5. A sometimes B long C suddenly D hardly 6. A who B when C because D where7. A traditionally B occasionally C possibly D finally 8. A came from B adjusted to C resulted from D led to 9. A drop B increase C disappear D change 10. A future B past C villages D mountains 11. A recent B urgent C frequent D rare 12. A neglect B use C remove D find 13 A cures B arrivals C deaths D journeys 14. A along B on C in D by 15. A take B adopt C consume D waste 答案与题解：1. A 通篇文章都在叙述秃鹰濒临灭种对印度环境的负面影响，而且文章的标题中的”dying vultures“也提供了线索。decline符合上下文的意思，是答案。rise与上下文的意思相反。sharp teeth和sharp eyes是秃鹰的特点，但文章并未提及。 2.C 秃鹰濒临灭亡，给环境带来问题。上一句的“alarm rather than celebration” 提供了解题的线索，至于debate 和solution，文章并未涉及。 3. B 秃鹰数量的减少对当地居民是一种灾难。此外，对谁也是一种灾难呢？as 引出的对象是谁呢？ 这个对象不会是humans，plants 或cows。 答案是birds。 4.D 作者原来的用词一定是across tbe Indian sub-