新概念英语第二册第三课讲解.doc

Lesson 3 Please send me a card请给我寄一张明信片Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!New words and expressions 生词和短语send v. 寄，送 postcard n. 明信片 spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏museum n. 博物馆public adj. 公共的friendly adj. 友好的waiter n. 服务员，招待员lend v. 借给decision n. 决定whole adj. 整个的single adj. 唯一的，单一的参考译文明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！1. Please send me a card请给我寄一张明信片send /send/ v. (sent, sent /sent/)1. sth (to sb.) / sb. sth 寄,发送e.g. (1) 昨天我给我爸寄了封信。 I sent a letter to my father yesterday. (2)上周日我给汤姆寄了一张明信片。I sent Tom a postcard last Sunday.2. 传达；转致；告知e.g. (1)我父母问您好。My parents send their love. (2)他带话要我来。He sent me word to come.3. 派遣；打发；安排去e.g.(1)她早早打发孩子们上床睡觉。She sent the kids to bed early. (2)我叫汤姆去买牛奶了。I have sent Tom to buy some milk.send sb. packing (infml) 叫某人卷铺盖；撵某人走2. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。1) spoil v.(spoiled, spoiled) (BrE also spoilt; spoilt)1. 破坏；搞坏；糟蹋；毁掉e.g. (1) 天气不好，破坏了我们的露营旅行。Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.（注：campkmp n. 1. c, u 营地 vi.v 宿营，露营） (2) 别让他破坏你的夜晚。Dont let him spoil your evening.2. 溺爱；娇惯；宠坏e.g. 她那几个孩子给她宠坏了。She spoils those kids of hers.2) holiday n. 1. u (also holidays pl. )=vacation vkein (AmE) 假期 a period of time when you are not at work or schoole.g. (1)暑假the summer holidays (2)寒假the winter holidays 在度假on holiday=on vacatione.g. 王先生外出度假了。Mr. Wang is away on holiday.2. c (BrE) (AmE vacation)度假期 a period of time spent traveling or resting away from home e.g. 你今年要到哪里度假？ Where are you going for your holidays this year?3. c 假日，节日（尤指宗教节日或国家庆典日）e.g. 全国假日a national holiday 国庆节 National Day3. Last summer, I went to Italy. 去年夏天，我去了意大利。Italy itli n. 意大利Italian itlin adj. 意大利的；意大利人的4. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. 我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。1) visit /vizit/ v. 访问；拜访；看望；参观e.g. (1) 她去威尔士看望亲戚了。She went to visit relatives in Wales. (2) 总统目前正在访问日本。The President is visiting Japan at the moment. (3) 你应该去看牙科医生。You should visit the dentist.n. (to sb. / sth.) (from sb.)访问；参观; 游览；逗留 e.g. (1) 这是我第一次访问纽约。Its my first visit to New York. (2) 看医生a visit to the doctor2) public adj. 1. only before noun公共的；公立的e.g. (1)公共图书馆a public library (2) 公用电话 a public telephone2. 人人皆知的；公开的e.g. (1) 公众人物a public figure (2) 公开的道歉 a public apology(注：figure 1.数字；2.人物；3.(远处人的)轮廓，(隐约可见的)人影；4.身材，体形5.(书中的)图，表)n. 平民，公众，群众，民众e.g. 这个图书馆星期六对公众开放。The library is open to the public on Saturday.3) garden /ga:dn/ n.1. c (住宅旁或周围的)园圃，花园，果园，菜园e.g. (1)前花园 a front garden (2)后花园a back garden2. c 公园(usually gardens)e.g. 公园晚上6点关门。The garden closes at 6 p.m.5. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语。1) friendly 虽然是以-ly结尾，在拼法上与许多副词一样，但它却是形容词。 adj. (friendlier, friendliest)1. to / towards sb.友爱的，友好的e.g. 每个人都对我十分友好。 Everyone was very friendly towards me.2. 善意的，亲切的，和蔼可亲的e.g. (1)亲切的微笑a friendly smile (2)友好的欢迎 a friendly welcome类似的形容词有：(1) lovely adj. 优美的；迷人的；令人愉快的，极好的，可爱的，善良的(2) fatherly adj. 父亲的；慈父般的(3) motherly adj. 慈母般的；母亲的 e.g. motherly love 慈母般的关爱(4) brotherly adj. 兄弟的；兄弟般的；亲切友好的(5) manly adj. (often approving)有男子汉气概的，强壮的2) a few 可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some, a small number of (一些，少数几个)的意思：e.g. 警察要问他一些问题。The police would like to ask him a few questions.妈妈过几天就要来了。Mother is coming in a few day.-桌上有书吗？Are there any books on the desk?-是的，有几本。Yes, there are a few.3) word n. 1. c 单词；词；字e.g. (1) 用你自己的话告诉我出了什么事。Tell me what happened in your own words. (2) 写的东西不要超过200字。Do not write more than 200 words.2. c 说的话；话语；言语e.g. 我能跟你说句话吗？Could I have a word with you?3. c 诺言，许诺；保证e.g. 遵守诺言 to keep ones word6. Then he lent me a book. 之后他还借给我一本书。lend / lend / v. (lent, lent)lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.借给，借出e.g.(1)我把车借给一位朋友了。I have lent the car to a friend. (2)能把你的笔借我用一下吗？Would you lend me your pen?引申：像send, buy, give等动词一样，lend可以有两个宾语：一个是直接宾语（通常指物），一个间接宾语（通常指人）send / lend / buy /give sb. sthsend / lend / buy /give sth to sb.7. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. 我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。1) nota的否定意义比单用not要强。课文的最后一句加了“single”，语气更强。试比较：e.g. 我一个字也不懂。I did not understand a word.我不懂。I did not understand.我竟连一张明信片也没写成。I did not write a single card.我没写明信片。I did not write any cards.他在晚会上一个字都没说。He did not speak a word at the party.他在晚会上没说话。He did not speak at the party.2) understand (understood, understood) v.1. 懂，理解，领会e.g. 你懂法语吗？Can you understand French?2. 了解，谅解，体谅e.g. 没有人了解我。Nobody understands me.make yourself understood (尤指用另一种语言)把自己的意思说清楚e.g.他不大会讲日语，不过尚能勉强表达意思。 He doesnt speak much Japanese but he can make himself understood.8. Everyday I thought about postcards. 我每天都想着明信片的事。think about (of)sb/sth1、考虑到；关心；替着想 e.g.难道你就从来没有考虑过别人Dont you ever think about other people?You should think about other people.2、考虑，打算（做某事）可以指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事：e.g. (1)她在考虑换工作She is thinking of/about changing her job.(2)我经常回想我们去年度过的愉快的假期I often think about the lovely holiday we had last year.(3)-你在想什么？ What are you thinking about?-我在想我的朋友们。Im thinking about my friends.9. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. 假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。pass/pa:s/ v.1. 给，递，传递（pass sth. to sb /pass sb. sth.)e.g.请把盐递过来。Pass the salt , please.2. (时间)推移；逝去e.g. 三个月过去了，我们仍然没有他们的音讯。Three months passed and we still had no news of them.3. 消磨；度过，打发(时间)e.g. 我们借唱歌消磨时间。We sang songs to pass the time.pass away (婉辞，指去世)亡故e.g. 他母亲去年去世了。 His mother passed away last year.10. On the last day I made a big decision. 到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。decision disin n. c (decision on / about sth.) / (to do sth.)(作出的)决定，抉择作出决定=decide make/take a decision, 作出决定。这是个常用的词语搭配，可以灵活使用。to take a decision / to make a decisionto reach a decision / to come to a decisione.g. (1) 他的确不善于决策。He is really bad at making decisions. (2) 我们终于做出了抉择。We finally reached a decision. (3) 我们必须最晚明天就下一步做什么作出决定。We must come to a decision about what to do next by tomorrow.(4) 对我来说作出这项决定并不容易。It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.(5) 你做出了个错误的决定。You have made /taken a wrong decision.(6) 你决定了吗？ Have you made/taken a decision?决策decision-making n. u11. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. 我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。12. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！1) spend (spent, spent)1. spend sth (on sth / on doing sth)用，花(钱) e.g. 她花100美元买了一条新连衣裙。She spent 100 dollars on a new dress.2. sth (on sth) / sth (doing sth)花(时间),度过e.g. (1) 我看电视花的时间太多。 I spend too much time watching television. (2) 他在海外工作了三年。He spent three years working overseas. (3) 我花了许多时间计划这次旅行。I spent a lot of time planning this trip.注：overseas adj. 外国的，海外的 e.g. 海外市场： markets adv. 在国外，在海外 abroad adv. (esp. BrE) 在国外，到国外2) whole hul adj. only before noun full, complete全部的；整体的；完全的；所有的e.g. (1) 他整整写了一天。He spent the whole day writing. (2) 举国，全国the whole country (3) 咱们彻底忘掉这件事吧。Lets forget the whole thing. (4) 她没有把实情都讲出来。She wasnt telling the whole truth. (5) 一整年a whole year 一整瓶牛奶a whole bottle of milk 整整两星期two whole weeks3) single sigl adj.1. only before noun 仅有一个的；单一的；单个的e.g. 他送给她一枝红玫瑰。He sent her a single red rose.2. (人)单身的；未婚的e.g. 他现在仍然单身。He is still single now.3. only before noun 单人的e.g. 单人床 a single bed 单人房间a single roomGrammar Focus一般过去时(The Past Simple Tense) 用法：表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示 过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与yesterday, last year, in 1965, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。 e.g. I got up at five yesterday, but I didnt get up so early this morning. Did he watch TV last night? I was in Grade One last year. 构成：动词用 过去式 否定、疑问句的构成： 若句中有 be动词或情态动词，则在其后加 not 或将其调至主语前。若句中只有行为动词，则要用助动词 did 来帮忙。一般过去时的用法(1) 表示过去的动作或状态e.g. 我见到他时他非常忙。 He was very busy when I saw him.(2) 叙述过去连续发生的一件件事e.g. 他早上起得很早，打水，扫院，然后出去劳动。 He got up early in the morning, fetched water, swept the yard and then went out to work.(3) 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。e.g. 我弟弟十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。 When my brother was a teenager, he played table tennis almost every day.规则动词过去式的构成1、一般情况下，加 -ed。 ask - asked help - helped watch - watched2、结尾是“e”的词，加 -d。 dance - danced love - loved live - lived 3、重读闭音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写 这个辅音字母，再加 -ed。 stop - stopped drop - dropped beg - begged4、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，改 y 为 i，再加 -ed。 carry - carried study - studied hurry - hurried过去式加 -ed 的读音1、在清辅音后，读清辅音 / t / 。 worked / kt / helped / pt / passed / st / washed / wt / watched / t t /2、在浊辅音和元音后，读浊辅音 / d / 。 played / eid / carried / id / answered / :ns d / lived / vd / used / zd / called / ld /3、在 / t, d / 音后面, 读 / id / 。 wanted / tid / needed / did / 注：1.开音节分两种,绝对开音节和相对开音节。 绝对开音节：以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。 相对开音节：以“辅音字母+1个元音字母+辅音字母+不发音e结尾”的音节 ( re除外) 。 在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音 2.闭音节：“辅音字母+1个元音字母+辅音字母”的音节 ( al等除外) 在闭音节中,元音字母发不同的音 a e i o u 例：sat let sit not nut 英语的重读闭音节1.英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节 (重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音). 比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节，以辅