2014年英语专八真题及答案.doc

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2014)-GRADEEIGHT-PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissection,youwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE,usingnomorethanthreewordsineachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofAngelinasvisittoIraq?ATodrawattentiontotherefugeecrisis.BTolookafterrefugeesinIraq.CToworkforU.N.H.C.R.DToworkoutaplanforrefugees.2.FromtheinterviewweknowthatAngelina_.AwasstronglyopposedtoofficialsopinionsBthoughtyoungkidsshouldbegivenpriorityCwasmuchworriedaboutthelackofactionDproposedthatpoliciesbemadepromptly3.WhichofthefollowingBESTexplainswhattheglobalcommunityshoulddo?ATosupervisetheconstructionofschools.BTotakepromptandeffectiveactions.CToprovidewaterandpowersupply.DTopreventinstabilityandaggression.4.AccordingtoAngelina,whatisthekeyissueinsolvingtherefugeeproblem?AThecurrentsituationinIraq.BThepoliticsintheMiddleEastCRefugeesreturningtonormallife.DInternationalanddomesticefforts.5.AngelinasawhertriptoIraqsignificantbecauseshecould_.AhelpothersknowwheretheproblemswereBhelpbringNGOsbacktotheregionCtalktodifferentpeoplethereDreadtheofficialpapersSECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.6.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?AAlitaliasattempttohelpWindJetout.BCancellationofflightsatRomeAirportCProblemscausedbyWindJetscashshortage.DExpectedchangesofWindJetsflightdestinations.Question7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.7.WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinnorthernKenya?AAhumantooth.BAhumanskull.CThreespeciesofhumans.DThreehumanfossils.8.Whatwasthesignificanceofthediscovery?AThefindingswerepublishedinNature.BItsupportedanexistingassumption.CMostresearchquestionswereanswered.DMoreresearcheffortswereencouraged.Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.9.Theairportoriginallydecidedtocoveruptheposterbecause_AsomeinternationaltravellerscomplainedBtheartexhibitionwastobepostponedCotherartistsworkswereabsentfromadsDreal-lifemodelswouldappearonthescene10.WhatwasthereactionoftheNationalGalleriesofScotland?AHorrified.BIndignant.CSurprised.DOutraged.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbeatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEERTWO.TEXTAMyclassatHarvardBusinessSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagementtheoryisandhowitisbuilt.Ineachsession,welookatonecompanythroughthelensesofdifferenttheories,usingthemtoexplainhowthecompanygotintoitssituationandtoexaminewhatactionwillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass,Iaskedmyclasstoturnthosetheoreticallensesonthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestions:First,HowcanIbesureIllbehappyinmycareer?Second,howcanIbesuremyrelationshipswithmyspouseandmyfamilywillbecomeanenduringsourceofhappiness?Herearesomemanagementtoolsthatcanbeusedtohelpyouleadapurposefullife.1.UseYourResourcesWisely.Yourdecisionsaboutallocatingyourpersonaltime,energy,andtalentshapeyourlifesstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses”thatcompetefortheseresources:Imtryingtohavearewardingrelationshipwithmywife,raisegreatkids,contributetomycommunity,succeedinmycareer,andcontributetomychurch.AndIhaveexactlythesameproblemthatacorporationdoes.Ihavealimitedamountoftime,energyandtalent.HowmuchdoIdevotetoeachofthesepursuits?Allocationchoicescanmakeyourlifeturnouttoverydifferentfromwhatyouintended.Sometimesthatsgood:opportunitiesthatyouhaveneverplannedforemerge.Butifyoudontinvestyourresourceswisely,theoutcomecanbebad.AsIthinkaboutpeoplewhoinadvertentlyinvestedinlivesofhollowunhappiness,Icanthelpbelievingthattheirtroublesrelatedrightbacktoashort-termperspective.Whenpeoplewithahighneedforachievementhaveanextrahalfhouroftimeoranextraounceofenergy,theyllunconsciouslyallocateittoactivitiesthatyieldthemosttangibleaccomplishments.Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatweremovingforward.Youshipaproduct,finishadesign,completeapresentation,closeasaleteachaclass,publishapaper,getpaid,getpromoted.Incontrast,investingtimeandenergyinyourrelationshipswithyourspouseandchildrentypicallydoesntofferthesameimmediatesenseofachievement.Kidsmisbehaveeveryday.Itsreallynotuntil20yearsdowntheroadthatyoucansay, “Iraisedagoodsonoragooddaughter.”Youcanneglectyourrelationshipwithyourspouseandonadailybasisitdoesntseemasifthingaredeteriorating.Peoplewhoaredriventoexcelhavethisunconsciouspropensitytounderinvestintheirfamiliesandoverinvestintheircareers,eventhoughintimateandlovingfamilyrelationshipsarethemostpowerfulandenduringsourceofhappiness.Ifyoustudytherootcausesofbusinessdisasters,overandoveryoullfindthispredispositiontowardendeavorsthatofferimmediategratification.Ifyoulookatpersonallivesthroughthatlens,youllseethatsamestunningandsoberingpattern:peopleallocatingfewerandfewerresourcestothethingstheywouldhaveoncesaidmatteredmost.2.CreateAFamilyCulture.Itsonethingtoseeintothefoggyfuturewithaacuityandchartthecoursecorrectionsacompanymustmake.Butitsquiteanothertopersuadeemployeestolineupandworkcooperativelytotakethecompanyinthatnewdirection.Whenthereislittleagreement,youhavetouse“powertools” coercion,threats,punishmentsandsoon,tosecurecooperation.Butifemployeeswaysofworkingtogethersucceedoverandover,consensusbeginstoform.Ultimately,peopledonteventhinkaboutwhethertheirwayyieldssuccess.Theyembraceprioritiesandfollowproceduresbyinstinctandassumptionratherthanbyexplicitdecision,whichmeansthattheyvecreatedaculture.Culture,incompellingbutunspokenways,dictatestheproven,acceptablemethodsbywhichmembersofagroupaddressrecurrentproblems.Andculturedefinestheprioritygiventodifferenttypesofproblems.Itcanbeapowerfulmanagementtool.Iusethismodeltoaddressthequestion,HowcanIbemyfamilybecomesanenduringsourceofhappiness?Mystudentsquicklyseethatthesimplestwayparentscanelicitcooperationfromchildrenistowieldpowertools.Buttherecomesapointduringtheteenyearswhenpowertoolsnolongerwork.Atthatpoint,parentsstartwishingtheyhadbegunworkingwiththeirchildrenataveryyoungagetobuildacultureinwhichchildreninstinctivelybehaverespectfullytowardoneanother,obeytheirparents,andchoosetherightthingtodo.Familieshavecultures,justascompaniesdo.Thoseculturescanbebuiltconsciously.Ifyouwantyourkidstohavestrongself-esteemandtheconfidencethattheycansolvehardproblems,thosequalitieswontmagicallymaterializeinhighschool.Youhavetodesignthemintoyourfamilyscultureandyouhavethinkaboutthisveryearlyon.Likeemployees,childrenbuildself-esteembydoingthingsthatarehardandlearningwhatworks.11.Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessfulallocationofresourcesinyourlifedependsonwhetheryou_.A.canmanageyourtimewellB.havelong-termplanningC.areluckyenoughtohavenewopportunitiesD.cansolvebothcompanyandfamilyproblems12.Whatistheroleofthestatement“Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatweremovingforward”withreferencetothepreviousstatementintheparagraph?A.ToofferfurtherexplanationB.ToprovideadefinitionC.TopresentacontrastD.Toillustratecareerdevelopment13.Accordingtotheauthor,acommoncauseoffailureinbusinessandfamilyrelationshipsis_.A.lackofplanningB.short-sightednessC.shortageofresourcesD.decisionbyinstinct14.Accordingtotheauthor,whendoesculturebegintoemerge_.A.WhenpeopledecidewhatandhowtodobyinstinctB.WhenpeoplerealizetheimportanceofconsensusC.WhenpeopleasagroupdecidehowtosucceedD.Whenpeopleuse“powertools”toreachagreement15.Oneofthesimilaritiesbetweencompanycultureandfamilycultureisthat_.A.problem-solvingabilityisessentialB.cooperationisthefoundationC.respectandobediencearekeyelementsD.cultureneedstobenurturedTextBItwasnearlybedtimeandwhentheyawokenextmorninglandwouldbeinsight.Dr.Macphaillithispipeand,leaningovertherail,searchedtheheavensfortheSouthernCross.Aftertwoyearsatthefrontandawoundthathadtakenlongertohealthanitshould,hewasgladtosettledownquietlyatApia(阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都)fortwelvemonthsatleast,andhefeltalreadybetterforthejourney.Sincesomeofthepassengerswereleavingtheshipnextdaytheyhadhadalittledancethateveningandinhisearshammeredstilltheharshnotesofthemechanicalpiano.Butthedeckwasquietatlast.AlittlewayoffhesawhiswifeinalongchairtalkingwiththeDavidsons,andhestrolledovertoher.Whenhesatdownunderthelightandtookoffhishatyousawthathehadveryredhair,withabaldpatchonthecrown,andthered,freckledskinwhichaccompaniesredhair;hewasamanofforty,thin,withapinchedface,preciseandratherpedantic;andhespokewithaScotsaccentinaverylow,quietvoice.BetweentheMacphailsandtheDavidsons,whoweremissionaries,therehadarisentheintimacyofshipboard,whichisduetoproximityratherthantoanycommunityoftaste.Theirchieftiewasthedisapprovaltheysharedofthemenwhospenttheirdaysandnightsinthesmoking-roomplayingpokerorbridgeanddrinking.Mrs.MacphailwasnotalittleflatteredtothinkthatsheandherhusbandweretheonlypeopleonboardwithwhomtheDavidsonswerewillingtoassociate,andeventhedoctor,shybutnofool,halfunconsciouslyacknowledgedthecompliment.Itwasbecausehewasofanargumentativemindthatintheircabinatnighthepermittedhimselftocarp(唠叨).Mrs.Davidsonwassayingshedidntknowhowtheydhavegotthroughthejourneyifithadntbeenforus,saidMrs.Macphail,assheneatlybrushedouthertransformation(假发). Shesaidwewerereallytheonlypeopleontheshiptheycaredtoknow.Ishouldnthavethoughtamissionarywassuchabigbug(要人、名士)thathecouldaffordtoputonfrills(摆架子).Itsnotfrills.Iquiteunderstandwhatshemeans.ItwouldnthavebeenverynicefortheDavidsonstohavetomixwithallthatroughlotinthesmoking-room.Thefounderoftheirreligionwasntsoexclusive,saidDr.Macphailwithachuckle.Iveaskedyouoverandoveragainnottojokeaboutreligion,answeredhiswife. Ishouldntliketohaveanaturelikeyours,Alec.Youneverlookforthebestinpeople.Hegaveherasidelongglancewithhispale,blueeyes,butdidnotreply.Aftermanyyearsofmarriedlifehehadlearnedthatitwasmoreconducivetopeacetoleavehiswifewiththelastword.Hewasundressedbeforeshewas,andclimbingintotheupperbunkhesettleddowntoreadhimselftosleep.Whenhecameondecknextmorningtheywereclosetoland.Helookedatitwithgreedyeyes.Therewasathinstripofsilverbeachrisingquicklytohillscoveredtothetopwithluxuriantvegetation.Thecoconuttrees,thickandgreen,camenearlytothewatersedge,andamongthemyousawthegrasshousesoftheSamoaris(萨摩亚人);andhereandthere,gleamingwhite,alittlechurch.Mrs.Davidsoncameandstoodbesidehim.Shewasdressedinblack,andworeroundherneckagoldchain,fromwhichdangledacross.Shewasalittlewoman,withbrown,dullhairveryelaboratelyarranged,andshehadprominentblueeyesbehindinvisiblepince-nez(夹鼻眼镜).Herfacewaslong,likeasheeps,butshegavenoimpressionoffoolishness,ratherofextremealertness;shehadthequickmovementsofabird.Themostremarkablethingaboutherwashervoice,high,metallic,andwithoutinflection;itfellontheearwithahardmonotony,irritatingtothenerveslikethepitilessclamorofthepneumaticdrill.Thismustseemlikehometoyou,saidDr.Macphail,withhisthin,difficultsmile.Oursarelowislands,youknow,notlikethese.Coral.Thesearevolcanic.Wevegotanothertendaysjourneytoreachthem.Inthesepartsthatsalmostlikebeinginthenextstreetathome,saidDr.Macphailfacetiously.Well,thatsratheranexaggeratedwayofputtingit,butonedoeslookatdistancesdifferentlyintheJSouthSeas.Sofaryoureright.Dr.Macphailsighedfaintly.16.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatDr.Macphail_.A.preferredquietnesstonoiseB.enjoyedthesoundofthemechanicalpianoC.wasgoingbacktohishometownD.wantedtobefriendtheDavidsons17.TheMacphailsandtheDavidsonswereineachotherecompanybecausethey_.A.hadsimilarexperienceB.likedeachotherC.shareddislikeforsomepassengersD.hadsimilarreligiousbelief18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribesMrs.Macphail?A.ShewasgoodatmakingfriendsB.ShewaspronetoquarrellingwithherhusbandC.ShewasskillfulindealingwithstrangersD.Shewaseasytogetalongwith.19.AllthefollowingadjectivescanbeusedtodepictMrs.DavidsonEXCEPT_.A.arrogantB.unapproachableC.unpleasantD.irritable20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.MacphailisINCORRECT?A.Hewassociable.B.Hewasintelligent.C.Hewasafraidofhiswife.D.HewasfunoftheDavidsons.TextCTodaywemakeroomforaremarkablynarrowrangeofpersonalitystyles.Weretoldthattobegreatistobebold,tobehappyistobesociable.Weseeourselvesasanationofextrovertswhichmeansthatwevelostsightofwhowereallyare.One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintrovertsintheotherwords,oneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.Ifyourenotanintrovertyourself,youaresurelyraising,managing,marriedto,orcoupledwithone.Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,thatsprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.Closetintrovertspassundetectedonplaygrounds,inhighschoollockerrooms,andinthecorridorsofcorporateAmerica.Somefooleventhemselves,untilsomelifeeventalayoff,anemptynest,aninheritancethatfreesthemtospendtimeastheylikejoltsthemintotakingstockoftheirtruenatures.Youhaveonlytoraisethissubjectwithyourfriendsandacquaintancestofindthatthemostunlikelypeopleconsiderthemselvesintroverts.Itmakessensethatsomanyintrovertshideevenfromthemselves.WelivewithavaluesystemthatIcalltheExtrovertIdealtheomnipresentbeliefthattheidealselfisgregarious,alpha,andcomfortableinthespotlight.Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.Hefavorsquickdecisions,evenattheriskofbeingwrong.Sheworkswellinteamsandsocializesingroups.Weliketothinkthatwevalueindividuality,butalltoooftenweadmireonetypeofindividualthekindwhoscomfortableputtinghimselfoutthere.Sure,weallowtechnologicallygiftedlonerswholaunchcompaniesingaragestohaveanypersonalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule,andourtoleranceextendsmainlytothosewhogetfabulouslywealthyorholdthepromiseofdoingso.Introversionalongwithitscousinssensitivity,seriousness,andshynessisnowasecond-classpersonalitytrait,somewherebetweenadisappointmentandapathology.IntrovertslivingundertheExtrovertIdealarelikewomeninamansworld,discountedbecauseofatraitthatgoestothecoreofwhotheyare.Extroversionisanenormou