按照不同的水深状况配置植物稳定水体创造宜人环境.doc

按照不同的水深状况配置植物稳定水体创造宜人环境水体是城市景观的一个重要组成部分。无论是自然河流、湖泊还是城市公园或居住区中的人工水体景观都能给人们带来美的享受。近年来，以城市水体的富营养化状况最为显著。如何在科学选择水生植物并且进行合理配置的基础上创造宜人和稳定的水体景观显得尤为重要。Water is an important part of city landscape. Whether artificial water landscape of natural rivers, lakes or city parks or residential areas can bring people the enjoyment of beauty. In recent years, the eutrophication status of city water is the most significant. How to reasonable configuration and in the choice of aquatic plants of the science of creating pleasant and stable water landscape is very important.1.水生植物的景观与生态意义Significance of landscape and ecological 1 aquatic plants1.1水生植物的景观意义1.1 aquatic plants landscape significance水生植物的景观意义主要体现在丰富景观效果和创造园林意境上。而水生植物的景观效果又是通过观赏特性、色彩特性、质感特性以及不同的观赏时间来体现的。Aquatic plant landscape meaning is mainly embodied in the landscape and create the artistic conception of garden effect. Aquatic plants landscape effect is through the ornamental characteristics, color features, texture features and different viewing time to reflect.水生植物的观赏特性包括观花、观叶、观果和观姿。很多水生植物兼具多种观赏特性，目前应用频率较高的荷花、黄菖蒲等都具有良好的观花观叶效果。水生植物的色彩特性主要体现在花色和叶色上，通过对不同花色及叶色植物的相互搭配创造或是对比强烈或是协调统一的色彩效果。另外丰富的水体景观还体现在植物的四季变化当中，植物不同观赏时间的错落叠加，让人们欣赏到了丰富多变的动态景观。Ornamental aquatic plants including flowers, foliage, fruit and view position. Many aquatic plant has different ornamental characteristics, the application of high frequency lotus, Huang Changpu has a good ornamental effect. The color characteristics of aquatic plants are mainly embodied in the flower and leaf color, according to the different colors of flowers and leaves of plants with each other to create or contrast or unified color effect. In addition to the rich water landscape is also reflected in the four seasons of plant, plant different stacking scattered ornamental time, let people enjoy the dynamic landscape rich and varied.1.2水生植物的生态意义The ecological significance of 1.2 aquatic plants无论是人工还是天然形成的水域及其周边环境都具有非常重要的生态意义。水生植物可以作为衡量地表水生态环境的一个指标。在水中科学栽植及合理搭配水生植物能够吸收水中的有害物质，改善富营养化水体，使水质清澈，提高环境质量。临水的湿生及沼生植物的合理配置在改善环境的同时，还为鸟类、两栖类、昆虫和微生物等创造适宜的活动空间和取食环境，体现了生态学上的廊道作用。另外绿色植物还对声波有散射和吸收的作用，在一定程度上能够降低噪音。因而，水生植物是构成健康水质和优美环境不可或缺的重要元素。Both have very important ecological significance the waters and the surrounding environment of artificial or natural form. Aquatic plants can be used as a measure of the ecological environment of surface water. In the harmful substances in the water scientific planting and reasonable collocation of aquatic plants can absorb water, improve water eutrophication, the water is clear, improve the quality of the environment. Wet and marshy water plants of the rational allocation of the improvement in the environment at the same time, also for the birds, amphibians, insects and microbes so as to create a suitable space and feeding ecology environment, reflects the corridor effect. The other green plants also on acoustic scattering and absorption effect, can reduce the noise to a certain extent. Thus, aquatic plant is an important element to constitute an indispensable health quality and beautiful environment.2.基于生境现状的植物配置Based on the present status of 2 plant habitats2.1按照水体的富营养化程度配置植物2.1 according to the degree of eutrophication water plant水生植物的净化效率会因水体中有机污染浓度的高低、氮和磷含量的大小等因素的不同而发生变化。因此在景观水体中应用水生植物，首先应对水质进行充分分析，针对不同水域进行合理选择、搭配水生植物种类。Aquatic plant purification efficiency will change with the size of the concentration of organic pollution in water level, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in different. So the application of aquatic plants in landscape water, first with water quality sufficient analysis, selecting the reasonable collocation of species, aquatic plants in different waters.对于氮含量较大的富营养化水体应着重选择去除氮能力较强的水生植物，磷含量较大的水体同样应选择去除磷能力较强的植物作为骨干植株。优先选择茎叶茂密、根系发达和生物量大的水生植物，茎叶茂密可以增加蒸发量，维持和增强基质的水力传输，更好地调节周围环境的气候。不同植物间的多种组合配置，可提高植物对水体氮磷的综合净化率。同时应注意到仅使用挺水植物和浮水植物所建立的生态系统是非良性循环的，会造成水中低等藻类植物在水体富营养化过程中迅速繁殖。挺水植物还应与其他类型的水生植物如沉水植物、浮水植物和漂浮植物合理搭配。For eutrophication water nitrogen content should focus on the choice of larger nitrogen removal ability of the aquatic plants, phosphorus content is larger also should choose the phosphorus removal ability of the plants as the backbone of the plant. Priority selection of aquatic plant stems and leaves thick, developed root system and high biomass, leaf and stem thick can increase the evaporation, the maintenance and enhancement of hydraulic transmission matrix, and better regulation of the surrounding environment and climate. A variety of different configurations between plants, plants on nitrogen and phosphorus can improve the comprehensive purifying rate. At the same time, attention should be paid to the ecological system using only the very water plants and floating plants established is not virtuous cycle, can cause rapid reproduction of low water algae in eutrophication process. The aquatic plants should also with other types of aquatic plants such as submerged plants, floating plants and floating plants reasonable collocation.2.2按照水体大小配置2.2 according to the size of water body configuration2.2.1宽阔水域2.2.1 a wide waters宽阔的水域具有开库的空间效果，特别是面积较大的水面常给人以舒畅的感觉。这种水面上的植物配置模式应以营造水生植物群落景观为主，主要考虑远观。植物配置注意整体、连续的效果。水生植物运用主要以量取胜，给人一种壮观的视觉感受。岸边植物配置应选择株形高大、枝叶茂盛的植株可成团种植，并间植株型略小的湿生花木。水陆间应留出适当的透景空间，方便引导人们的观景视线The expanse of space effect of library, especially larger surface area often gives a comfortable feeling. Plant configuration mode of this kind of surface should be to create a landscape of aquatic vegetation, mainly considering the far view. Plant configuration, the overall effect of continuous. Aquatic plants used mainly to the amount to win, give a person a kind of spectacular visual experience. The plant configuration should choose tall, lush foliage plants can be planted into clusters, and plant type of wetland plants. Amphibious should set aside appropriate landscape space, convenient to guide peoples viewing sight一般可将睡莲群落、荷花群落或集中植物群落组合丛值于水域中央，与岸边高大的植物群落相互映衬，形成大气疏朗、整体感强的景观效果。Generally lotus, lotus community community or concentration of plant communities in the waters of central value combination plexus, and the shore tall plant community set off each other, forming atmospheric lichtung, strong overall sense of landscape effects.2.2.2小型水域2.2.2 Small Waters小型水域精细小巧，以近观为主。其植物配置手法宜采用较细腻的手法，注重植物单体的效果，对植物的姿态、色彩、高度有更高的要求Small water fine small, mainly in close-up. The plant configuration methods should be used more exquisite, pay attention to the effect of monomer plant, plant height, color, attitude is more demanding岸边植物应选择株形较小、质感精细的湿生花木，且不宜种植过密。水面应点缀株型叶形小巧、质地较细腻的水生植物，如水罂粟、荇菜、慈姑等配置成小型群落。The plants should be selected plant shape is small, texture fine aquatic plants, and should not be planted too close. The water should be decorated plant leaf size, texture delicate aquatic plants, such as water poppy, poppy, arrowhead configuration into small community.2.3按照不同的水深状况配置植物2.3 according to the depth of different plant configuration水生植物的生长受水深的限制。另外，降雨量的季节性变化或者其他一些因素往往会影响水体水位的变化。多数水生高等植物分布在100-150cm的水中，挺水及浮水植物常以30-100cm为适合，而沼生植物、湿生植物种类只需20-30cm的浅水即可。Aquatic plant