高一英语期末综合复习题(一)人教版知识精讲.doc

精品 感谢下载载 高一英语期末综合复习题 一 人教版 期末综合复习题 一 高一第一学期除复习已学过的直接宾语和间接宾语以及各种时态的被动语态外 其中 重要的语法项目为定语从句 下面仅就定语从句做一详细的复习 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先 行词 引导定语从句的关系代词有 who whom whose which that 等和关系副词 where when why 等 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分 1 由 who whom whose 引导的定语从句 这类定语从句中 who 用作主语 whom 作宾语 whose 作定语 例如 This is the man who helped me The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu 在定语从句中 若先行词指人 其关系代词可用 who whom 也可用 that 例如 The girl who that is speaking at the meeting is our monitor 正在会上发言 的那个女孩子是我们的班长 在下列情况下多用或须用 who 1 关系代词在从句中作主语时 多用 who Do you know the man who spoke just now 刚才发言的人你认识吗 The doctor who treated me was very experienced 给我治病的医生是很有经验 的 2 先行词为 all anyone one ones 等时 多用 who All who heard the news were excited 所有听到这消息的人都感到没奋 Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished 任何破坏法规的人将要受到处罚 3 先行词为 those 和 people 时 多用 who Those who want to go please sign their names here 想去的人请在这里签名 People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly 有时候 眼睛看得见的人也 会做出同样的蠢事 4 在非限制性定语从句中须用 who Tom s father who is over sixty still works hard 汤姆的父亲已年过六旬 依 然努力工作着 Mr Green whom you saw in the library yesterday will teach us physics next term 格林先生 你昨天在图书馆见过他 下学期将教我们物理 5 在被分隔的定语从句中须用 who A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German 教你们德语的 教师明天来 6 在以 there be 开头的句子中多用 who 精品 感谢下载载 There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster 有个陌生人要见我们的校 长 7 一个句子中带有两个定语从句 其中一个关系代词是 that 另一个须用 who The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard 在会上受到表扬的学生是班长 他谦虚好学 whose 引导定语从句应注意以下几点 whose 引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 例如 那就是我们刚才 看了他的绘画的那个孩子 误 That s the child whose we looked at drawing just now 正 That s the child whose drawing we looked at just now whose 引导定语从句 其先行词不仅可以指人 还可以指物 例如 Mr King whose legs were badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital It was a meeting whose importance I didn t realize at the time 这次会议的重 要性 我当时没有意识到 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease 我看见一些树 它们的 叶子因病而变成了黑色 whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语 可以与介词放在先行 词与从句之间 例如 The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident Tom on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友 我是骑着他的车去上学的 whose 的先行词指物时 可用 of which 代替 whose 但词序不同 即 whose 名词 the 名词 of which 例如 The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting the title of which 题为 红与黑 的那部小说很有趣 He lives in the room whose window faces south the window of which 他 住在窗户朝南的房间里 2 which 引导的定语从句 which 在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语 例如 This is the book which you want The building which stands near the river is our school The room in which there is a machine is workshop 注意 1 whom which 作介词宾语时 介词一般可放在 which 之前 也可放在从句原 来的位置上 在含有介词的动词固定词组中 介词只能放在原来的位置上 例如 This is the person whom you are looking for 精品 感谢下载载 2 引导非限定性定语从句时 关系代词往往用 which 不用 that 例如 I have lost my pen which I like very much 3 由 that 引导的定语从句 that 在定语从句中可以指人或物 在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语 但不能放在介 词后面作介词宾语 例如 The letter that I received was from my father 注意 在下面几种情况下必须用 that 引导定语从句 1 先行词是不定代词 all few little much something nothing anything 等 例如 All that we have to do is to practise every day 2 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 例如 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten 3 先行词被 all any every few little no some 等修饰 例如 I have read all the books that you gave me 4 先行词被 the only the very the same the last 修饰时 例如 He is the only person that I want to talk to 5 先行词既有人又有物时 例如 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school 6 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时 定语从句须用 that 以免与 先行词重复 Who is the boy that was here just now 刚才在这里的那个男孩子是谁 Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this 我们当 中懂得一些物理的人有谁不知道这个呢 4 由 when where why 引导的定语从句 例如 I know the reason why he came late This is the place where we lived for 5 years I will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu 注意 先行词是表示地点时 有时用 where 有时用 that 引导定语从句 这时要根据从句 的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的 是及物的就用 that which 否则用 where 例如 This is the house where he lived last year This is the house that which he visited last year 5 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 1 限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分 主句和从句之间不用逗号分开 引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有 who whom whose which of which 等 这些 关系代词都不能省略 2 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 没有从句不影响主句意思的完 整 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 通常不用关系代词 that 例如 精品 感谢下载载 I have two sisters who are both students I have lost the pen which I like very much 6 as 引导的定语从句 1 as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句 并在从句中作定语 表语或 状语 构成 the same as such as 等结构 例如 I like the same book as you do as 作宾语 I shall do it in the same way as you did as 作状语 I want to have such a dictionary as he has as 作宾语 2 as 引导非限定性定语从句 as 在定语从句中作主语 表语或宾语 这个定语从 句是说明整个句子 它可以放在主句之前 例如 As we all know he studies very hard as 作宾语 As is known to all he is the best student in our class 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有 as is said above as is known to all as it is 等 注意 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致 关系代词 whom which that 在限定性定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语 而该 介词又位于从句末尾时 经常省略 但 as 一般不省略 关系代词 which 和 as 在定语从句中的区别是 which 不能放在句首 而 as 则可 以 在句中时 as 有 正如 就象 之意 而 which 则没有 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 从意义上 同位语从句对名词或补充说明或进行解释 而定语从句进行修饰 限定 相当于一个形容词的作用 从结构上 同位语从句由连接代词 副词引导 最常用的连接词 that 一般不省略 也不在从句中担任成分 而定语从句由关系代词 副词引导 that 在定语从句中作主语不 能省略 作宾语可省略 从涵义上 同位语从句与所说明 解释的句词无逻辑关系 而定语从句所修饰的句 词是该从句逻辑上的主 宾 表 定 状语等 例如 A The news that they had won the game arrived soon 他们在比赛中获胜了 这个消息很快传来了 同位语从句 the news 和 that they had won the game 无 逻辑关系 B The news that you told me yesterday is true 昨天你告诉我的那个消息是真的 定语从句 the news 在定语从句中相当于 told 的逻辑宾语 同位语从句说明 解释的句词有所限制 大多是一些表示抽象概念的名词 而定语 从句所修饰 限定的先行词无限制 既可指人 又可指物 模拟试题 一 选择填空 1 I will never forget the day I joined the League 精品 感谢下载载 A which B when C in which D on that 2 September 18 1931 is the day we ll never forget A thatB whenC on whichD on that 3 I remember the day I first came to the college A on whichB in whichC whichD that 4 It is the young man looked for caught the murderer A that who B that theyC they thatD they which 5 I remember the day I first met you on A whichB whenC in whichD on that 6 Is this factory we visited last year A whereB in whichC the oneD at which 7 This is the factory we visited last year A whereB whichC the oneD at which 8 Is this the factory your father works A whereB whichC of whichD in that 9 This is the best factory I have visited all my life A whereB whichC whenD that 10 Is this the factory colour TV sets are produced A thatB whichC in whichD in that 11 Have you found the woman purse was lost A herB of whichC thatD whose 12 Where is the window glass is broken A whichB thatC whoseD its 13 The book the cover is broken is not mine A of itB forC whoseD of which 14 Who is the comrade was there A whomB thatC whichD whose 15 Who s the comrade you just shook hands with A whomB whichC whoseD of which 16 Do you know the comrade we are talking A to whomB to whoC whomD to that 17 The comrade is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker A whomB whichC whoD whose 18 Mr Green has come for a visit to China arrived in Shanghai yesterday A whomB thatC whichD who 19 He met my mother from he got the news of my sister s marriage 精品 感谢下载载 A whomB whoC whichD whose 20 The great trouble he show us how to run the machine him completely tired out A took to made B takes to make C took make D take to to make 21 This is Mr Smith I think has something interesting to tell you A whoB whomC thatD 22 His father is an engineer makes him very proud A for whatB whichC thatD what 23 He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited A whichB whoC thatD what 24 He is the only man I can find for the work A who s B whoseC thatD which 25 I your close friend will try my best to help you out A who isB who amC that isD what is 26 Mr Herpin is one of the foreign experts who in China A worksB is workingC are workingD has been working 27 Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who in China A worksB is workingC are workingD has been working 28 Who has seen the TV film doesn t admire it A thatB whoC whichD as 29 Those want to see the film please put down your names here A whichB whatC whoseD who 30 He does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man A whatB whoC whichD as 31 That was the reason Mac refused to speak at the meeting A whyB thatC whichD of which 32 Do you know the reason he was late for school A of itB for itC whichD for which 33 That was the reason Mac refused to speak for at the meeting A whyB thatC for thatD for which 34 That was the reason Mac gave me the other day A whyB for thatC whichD for which 35 The picture has mountains and rivers is the one I like best A whichB whoseC whatD where 36 Please bring back the dictionary I lent to you last week A whereB whatC whichD who 37 The knife we cut the bread is very sharp 精品 感谢下载载 A with whichB that whichC which withD which 38 Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday made me very happy A whichB thatC whoD whom 39 His dog was now very old became ill and died A itB thatC whoseD which 40 I saw some trees the leaves of were black with disease A thatB whichC whoseD the trees 41 You must watch carefully everything the teacher does in class A whereB thatC whoD what 42 He told me all he knew A whichB whatC thatD who 43 This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen A thatB whichC whatD whom 44 The last place we visited in the countryside was a farm A thatB whichC whereD in which 45 The first English novel I read was Robinson Crusoe A whichB thatC whereD who 二 单项填空 1 In that case number of deer will be A the increasedB a added C more and more D the developed 2 My sister has returned her school to return the book to the library A to to B to C D to 3 is hoped that we can fly to the moon in a spaceship A ThereB ThatC ItD What 4 There are so many mistakes in your exercises that you must do them A no longerB by and byC once moreD any more 5 We couldn t find the necklace which last week A was lostB lostC missedD had been lost 6 Weiwei the pan is hot please A take care of B be carefullyC take careD be taken careful 7 At last we found out the boat A belonged to herB was belonged to her C belonged to hersD was belonging to her 精品 感谢下载载 8 The boys left their home and tried to make in the city but then they lost their A lives livesB living lifeC livings livesD living lives 9 Is the temperature zero or zero A on underB over fallingC over highD above below 10 When the accident I was staying at my home A broke outB happenedC took placeD found 11 When the young man came in he the bottle on the ground A fellB droppedC hitD lay 12 When we came in the young boy pretended very hard A to workB to be workingC to have workedD working 13 Our headmaster replied us a laugh Everything should be improved A withB inC to inD to with 14 Why didn t you answer my letter in time I didn t receive it at all A I m becauseB That s forC It s becauseD This is since 15 Good Luck your trip A on You re welcomeB for That s all right C to Thank you D with Many thanks 三 完形填空 Scientists now believe the earth s magnetic poles 地磁极 have changed many times One 1 change may have taken place about 330 000 BC This 2 is about when modern man first 3 on the earth Many 4 now believe the magnetism 磁力现象 of the earth may have a 5 influence 影响 on life itself In the 6 past many kinds of animals and plants died out suddenly 7 the North and South magnetic Poles changed 8 Animals birds and 9 people are to some degree controlled by magnetic forces When there is a 10 increase in magnetic strength many animals have 11 in finding their way Mice 12 near a strong magnet lost their hair and die 13 And when the earth s magnetism suddenly decreases the 14 of men and women who kill themselves increases How 15 does the earth s magnetism 16 our lives We cannot know for 17 精品 感谢下载载 We do know this magnetism is getting weaker and we know that in 2500 years the magnetic poles may change position 18 And we know when 19 happened in the past there were enormous 20 in life on Earth 1 A similarB suchC probableD certain 2 A yearB centuryC dateD moment 3 A appearedB cameC producedD made 4 A peopleB scientistsC expertsD specialists 5 A surprisingB poorC completeD strong 6 A farB distantC longD deep 7 A whenB ifC beforeD after 8 A placeB directionC positionD use 9 A alsoB tooC someD even 10 A slowB weakC quickD sudden 11 A interestB difficultyC prideD problem 12 A lainB placedC comeD stayed 13 A earlyB lateC muchD quietly 14 A caseB factC numberD chance 15 A longB muchC oldD weakly 16 A makeB causeC connectD control 17 A certainB clearC freeD ever 18 A tooB insteadC againD often 19 A thoseB thisC thatD these 20 A influencesB effectsC movementsD changes 四 阅读理解 A Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices there by establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour and is therefore an effective way to fight unemplyoyment It lowers the costs of many services without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much the price of your television licence would need to be doubled and travel by bus or tube would cost more And perhaps most important of all advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy Apart from the fact that twenty seven Acts of Parliament govern terms of advertising no regular 精品 感谢下载载 advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising He will not do so for long for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once If you see an article consistently advertised it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it and that it represents good value Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on Recently I heard a well known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs He was drawing excessively fine distinctions Of course advertising seeks to persuade If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to a chieve for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of shirt is subtly persuasive advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention But perhaps that is what the well known television personality wants 1 By the first sentence of the passage the author means that A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising B everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming C advertising cost money like everything else D it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 2 In the passage which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising A Securing greater fame B Providing more jobs C Raising living standards D Reducing newspaper cost 3 The author deems that the well known TV personality is A very precise in passing his judgement on advertising B interested in nothing but the buyer s attention C correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information D obviously partial in his views on advertising