2015 届考研英语特别测试题.doc

2015 届考研特别基础阶段英语测试题答题注意事项:考试要求 考试时间：120分钟 满分：100分. Section I Structure andVocabulary Directions: In each sentence, decidewhich of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence ifinserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points) 1. _of knowledge entails learning and askingfor advice. So, learn by yourself, and ask for advice; only thus can genuineknowledge be. A. Acquire B. Acquisition C. Acquired D.Acquiring2. In reading stories we anticipate what isto come _on our memory of what has gone before.A. based B. basing C. to base D. to be based3. The old gentleman was a very _looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.A. respectful B. respected C. respective D.respectable4. The toy maker produces a _ copy ofthe space station exact in every detail.A.minimal B. minimum C. miniature D. minor 5. His left-hand _ is flashing. A. indicant B. indicator C. indication D.indicter6. The police had _ the photograph ofthe missing girl. A. amplified B. expanded C. extended D.enlarged 7. The explorer lost his way so he climbedto the top of the hill to _himself.A.spot B. locate C. place D. situate 8. After the collision, he examined theconsiderable _to his car.A.ruin B. destruction C. damage D. injury 9. The boy cycling in the street wasknocked down by a minibus and received _ injuresA.fatal B. excessive C. disastrous D. exaggerated 10. The presidential candidate_ hisposition by winning several primary elections. A. enforced B. enriched C. intensified D.consolidated 11. This morning, when I withdrew somemoney at nearby ATM, it failed and read: “No _”, so now I have to depositsome money into my account. A. capital B. payment C. fund D. payroll12.Some old social _ and values should be consistently observed in order notto be totally assimilated by the western culture.A.conventions B. convenience C. convection D. convene13.With unauthorized pirate becoming more rampant, there are so many outlawsinfringe anothers copyright or other business rights intentionally, we shouldtighten our _ property protection. A. intellect B. intelligent C. intellectualD. intellectualism 14. Most of college students cant adaptthemselves into realistic society accordingly, they dont know how to_the change after graduation. A. resist B. accompany C. accomplish D.accommodate 15. The problem of crime, particularlyjuvenile _, has posed a great threat to our society; the president willaddress the pressing problem soon.A.discipline B. delinquency C. disorder D. delirium16.She was knocked down by a car, she was so injured, we have to escort her to the_ room.A. crisis B. crucial C. eminency D.emergency17.For a language learner, this is an effective and feasible way, that: He or shehas to be _to the language as much as possibleA. disclosed B. revealed C. exposed D.explored 18. As the investigation continuessmoothly, the truths will soon _ as expected, and who is the criminal, whois innocent will be clear. A. know B. surface C. surge D. surfeit 19. There is no standard or fixed learningpattern, coz every learner has his or her own learning habit, so we shouldadopt the most suitable learning approach accordingly; the learning approachshould _ from person to person.A.vary B. varnish C. vault D. veer 20. The concerns, such as: transnationalcrime, poverty and wealth gap, climate change, will be _ at the forthcomingconvention.A.shown B. addressed C. addled D. adducted Section II Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose thebest word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET. (20 points) Oxford University once famously( 21 )tohave been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th Century. But (22 ), theUniversity as we know it today began to take( 23) in the 12th Century whenEnglish Scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to (24 )atOxfords Abbeys and Priories, which were by then already established centers oflearning. Today, 39 (25) , self-governing colleges are related to theUniversity in a type of( 26) system. Eachis governed by a Head of House and anumber of Fellows, who are (27) specializing in a wide variety of (28) , mostof whom also hold University posts.( 29 )both the Arts and the Sciences, Oxfordresearch( 30) ranks top both nationally and( 31) .As well as being in the (32 )ofscientific, medical and technological achievement, the University has stronglinks with research institutions and industrial (33) both in the United Kingdomand overseas. The University income from externally funded research grants andcontracts in 1996-7 (34 )over 107 million. The Universitys great age also allows its teaching staff and research students to (35)on a heritage of( 36) library and museum (37) . Students working for higher (38)are an important and valued part of Oxford University. They currently (39 )overa quarter of the total student body of 15,641, drawn by the excellentfacilities for research, which the University can offer; (40) the proportion ofgraduate students is increasing. 21. A. known B. claimed C. thought D.declaimed 22. A. eventually B. on the contrary C. infact D. meanwhile 23. A. shape B. up C. off D. on 24. A. compact B. collect C. congregate D.combat 25. A. famous B. allied C. various D.independent26. A. federal B. loose C. strict D.conservative 27. A. staff B. personnel C. leaders D.academics 28. A. projects B. disciplines C. coursesD. degrees 29. A. In B. Among C. Within D. Across 30. A. inevitably B. predictably C.consistently D. incredibly 31. A. annually B. domestically C.internationally D. universally 32. A. forebear B. forefront C. foregoer D.forepart33.A. parties B. concerns C. factions D. offices 34. A. totaled B. reached C. achieved D.amounted 35. A. carry B. succeed C. inherit D. draw 36. A. magnificent B. unvalued C. historicD. trivial37. A. exhibits B. valuables C. storage D.collections 38. A. ages B. degrees C. classes D.positions39.A. bring out B. work out C. make up D. take up 40. A. therefore B. although C. because D.andSection III ReadingComprehension Directions: Each of the passagesbelow is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of thequestions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1The provision of positiveincentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the mostdifficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replacethe ultimate sanction of hunger-the economic whip of the old dispensation.Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separatingeconomics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, thatsanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longerask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us. I confess that I am lesshorror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable,of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some armof society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed behorrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of thepre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly representedan advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense,the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time asystem of free labour deservesrespect. But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in theSecond World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economicwhip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whiprepresented over pre-capitalist serfdom. Much depends on the effectiveness ofthe positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline ofthe community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fearof hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operativeforce. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven towork by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days ofthe Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the societyof the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as aninstrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reservewhere voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in anyconditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain wouldbe in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labourforce over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field.This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to thosewho like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.41. The word sanction(Line 2,Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_.Acorrective measures B encouraging methods C preventive efforts Drevolutionary actions42. Which of the following is implied inthe first paragraph? A People used to be forced to work underwhips. B The author dislikes the function ofpolitics in economy. C Incentives are always less availablethan regulations.DPeople have an instinct of working less and getting more.43.The authors attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of thesecond paragraph, is one of_. A reluctant acceptanceBsheer pessimismCmild optimismDextreme hopefulness 44. The author of the text seems to opposethe idea of_.Afree marketBmilitary control C strict regulationsD unrestrained labors45. The last sentence of the text indicatesthe authors_.Ahatred B affection C stubbornness D rejectionText 2In studying both the recurrence of specialhabits or ideas in several districts, and their prevalence within eachdistrict, there come before us ever-reiterated proofs of regular causation producingthe phenomena of human life, and of laws of maintenance and diffusionconditions of society, at definite stages of culture. But, while giving fullimportance to the evidence bearing on these standard conditions of society, letus be careful to avoid a pitfall which may entrap the unwary student. Ofcourse, the opinions and habits belonging in common to masses of mankind are toa great extent the results of sound judgment and practical wisdom. But to agreat extent it is not so. That many numerous societies of men should havebelieved in the influence of the evil eye and the existence of a firmament,should have sacrificed slaves and goods to the ghosts of the departed, shouldhave handed down traditions of giants slaying monsters and men turning into beasts-allthis is ground for holding that such ideas were indeed produced in mens mindsby efficient causes, but it is not ground for holding that the rites inquestion are profitable, the beliefs sound, and the history authentic. This mayseem at the first glance a truism, but, in fact, it is the denial of a fallacywhich deeply affects the minds of all but a small critical minority of mankind.Popularly, what everybody says must be true, what everybody does must be right.There are various topics, especially in history, law, philosophy, and theology,where even the educated people we live among can hardly be brought to see thatthe cause why men do hold an opinion, or practise a custom, is by no meansnecessarily a reason why they ought to do so. Now collections of ethnographicevidence, bringing so prominently into view the agreement of immense multitudesof men as to certain traditions, beliefs, and usages, are peculiarly liable tobe thus improperly used in direct defense of these institutions themselves,even old barbaric nations being polled to maintain their opinions against whatare called modern ideas. As it has more than once happened to myself to find mycollections of traditions and beliefs thus set up to prove their own objectivetruth, without proper examination of the grounds on which they were actuallyreceived, I take this occasion of remarking that the same line of argument willserve equally well to demonstrate, by the strong and wide consent of nations,that the earth is flat, and night-mare the visit of a demon.46.The authors attitude towards the phenomena mentioned at the beginning of thetext is one of _.Askepticism B approval C indifference D disgust47.By But to a great extent it is not so(Line 6, Paragraph 1) theauthor implies that _. A most people are just followers of newideasBeven sound minds may commit silly errorsCthe popularly supported may be erroneous D nobody is immune to the influence oferrors48. Which of the following is closest inmeaning to the statement There are various. to do so (Line1,Paragraph 3)? A Principles of history and philosophyare hard to deal with.BPeople like to see what other people do for their own model.CThe educated are more susceptible to errors in their daily life. D That everyone does the same may notprove they are all right. 49. Which of the following did the authorprobably suggest?ASupport not the most supported.BDeny everything others believe. C Throw all tradition into trashcan. D Keep your eyes open all the time.50.The author develops his writing mainly by means of _.Areasoning B examples C comparisons D quotationsSection IV Translation Directions: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your answeron the answer sheet. (20 points) The value which society places on work has traditionally been closelyassociated with the value of individualism and as a result it has hadnegativeeffects on the development of social security. (51)It has meant that in the first place the amount of benefits must be small lestpeopleswillingness to work and support themselves suffers. Even today with flatrate and earnings-related benefits, the total amount of the benefit must alwaysbe smaller than the persons wages for fear of malingering. The purposeof social security, said Huntford referring to Swedens comparativelygenerous benefits, is to dispel need without crossing the threshold ofprosperity. Second, social security benefits are granted under conditionsdesigned to reduce the likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting tolive on the State rather than work. Many of the rules surrounding the paymentof unemployment or supplementary benefit are for this purpose. Third, the valueplaced on work is manifested in a more positive way as in the case ofdisability. (52) People suffering fromaccidents incurred at work or from occupational diseases receive preferentialtreatment by the social security service compared with those suffering fromcivil accidents and ordinary illn