2019_2020学年高中英语Module5CloningSectionⅡGrammar教学案外研版选修.docVIP

Section Grammar虚拟语气()课前自主预习例句体验1Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。2Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.如果没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会完成他的著名小说永别了，武器。3Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。4If Mr Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.如果Dewey先生当时在场的话，他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。5Were there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.要是没有现代化的通讯工具，我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。6If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.要是我知道你的电话号码，我昨天就给你打电话了。7If you had prepared in advance, you wouldnt be in such awkward position now.如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动了。8She wasnt feeling well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.她感觉不舒服，要不然她不会那么早离开会议的。9How can I climb up that wall! I wish I were a bird.我怎么能爬上那么高的墙呀！我真希望我是一只小鸟呀。10He spoke English as if he had studied it in England before.他英语说得就像他以前在英国学过一样。课堂合作探究语法讲座一、语气的定义和种类1语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2语气的种类(1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。例如：Every question has two sides.每个问题都有两个方面。(陈述句，表示确定的事情。)(2)祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。例如：Never be late again！再也不要迟到了！(祈使句)(3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。例如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。(与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)二、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气If I were you, I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还给你书了。If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大)三、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1省掉if的条件从句结构：若条件句把if省略，则需要把were, had, should放在主语前，形成部分倒装结构。例如：Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination. 如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。2含蓄条件句：有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词或上下文暗示(常用without, but for, otherwise, or等表达)等，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。例如：But for your help (If it had not been for your help), it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。A true friend would not do such a thing.If he were a true friend, he would not do such a thing.一个真正的朋友是不会做这样的事的。3有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。例如：If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)If I were you, I would have gone home.如果我是你的话，我早回家了。(从句指现在，主句指过去)四、wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could动词原形。例如：I wish she were here and helped us.我希望她在这儿帮助我们。(对现在时的虚拟)I wish you would go with us tomorrow.我希望你明天跟我们一块去。(对将来时的虚拟)I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。(对过去时的虚拟)五、表语从句和状语从句中的虚拟语气在as if/though引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；如果指现在状况，则用一般过去时；如果指将来状况则用过去将来时。She speaks English as if/though she were a native of London.她英语说得好像她就是伦敦本地人一样。课堂总结演练单句语法填空1If you _ (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldnt be in such trouble now.答案：had listened2If I _ (be) you, I would have planted some trees around the house.答案：were3Sometimes I wish I _ (live) in a different time.答案：lived4I wish I _ (meet) that film star yesterday.答案：had met5She looks as if she _ (make) of ice.答案：were made单句写作1假如她有钱，她可能会借给你。If she _ money, she _ you some.答案：had; might lend2要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看看月亮表面是什么样子了。If I _ to the moon some day, I _ the surface of the moon with my own eyes.答案：were to go; could see3要不是几次中断，会议半个小时前就开完了。_ these interruptions, the meeting _ half an hour ago.答案：But for; would have finished4如果明天下雨，运动会就会推迟。_ it rain tomorrow, the sports meet _.答案：Should; would be put off5他谈起来好像已经知道此事。He talked _ it.答案：as if/though he had known演练通关提升夯实基础知识单句语法填空1They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ (come) to our help.答案：would have come2Did you make it at last?Yes.But for your help, it _ (cause) a serious loss.答案：would have caused3Lets play tennis together tomorrow afternoon.OK, but how I wish I _ (play) it as well as you.答案：played4Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night_ (freeze) cold for us to live.答案：would/could/should/might be freezing5_ you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.答案：Should6Where have you been?I got caught in traffic; otherwise I _ (be) here sooner.答案：would/could/should/might have been7You _ (not make) such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.答案：mightnt/couldnt/shouldnt/wouldnt have made8What should we do if it _ (snow) tomorrow?答案：should snow/were to snow/snowed9Should the present unemployment continue, the society _ (face) a more troublesome situation.答案：would/could/might/should face10If they had worked hard, they _ (be) very tired now.答案：would/could/might/should be单句改错1The soup isnt very good. It will taste better if it werent so salty._答案：willwould2If he read the book, he could have answered the question._答案：read前加had3If he were set out tomorrow, he would get there on Sunday._答案：were后加to4Without your help, the child wouldnt put up the picture on the wall just now._答案：wouldnt后加have5If I had had time, I would have gone to the party with you, but I am very busy._答案：amwas单句写作1但愿有一天我能飞往月球。I wish I _ to the moon one day.答案：could fly2要不是生病，他会来的。_， he might have come.答案：Had he not been ill3没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。_， we _ so much.答案：Without your help; wouldnt have achieved4如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的。Seize the chance, _ you _ regret it.答案：otherwise; would5他说起话来好像去过好多国家似的。He talks as if he _ to many countries.答案：had been提升实战能力阅读理解Human cloning technology could be used to reserve heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden.With cloning, infertile couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before.We should be able to clone the bone marrow (骨髓) for children and adults suffering from leukemia (白血病)This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology. We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer. Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure generelated diseases. The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind. This new technology promises unprecedented (前所未有的) advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefit begin.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人类克隆技术在心脏病、不孕不育、白血病以及遗传疾病等方面进行预防和治疗的美好前景。1Heart attacks can be treated with human cloning technology by _.Aremoving the damaged part of the heartBreplacing the old heart with a cloned oneCgiving the patients injections of various medicinesDrepairing the heart with cloned heart cells from healthy ones答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged .”可知，答案为D项。2What does the underlined word “infertile” (Paragraph 2) most probably mean?AUnable to give birth to a child.BWith physical and emotional problems.CShort of time and money.DSeparated from each other for long.答案：A词义猜测题。通过第二段中的“With cloning, infertile couples could have children.”以及“Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children.”可知infertile是不孕不育之意。3According to the text, one of the first expected benefits from cloning technology may be in _.Athe treatment of heart attacksBthe bearing of babiesCthe cure of leukemiaDthe detection of generelated diseases答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段的第一和第二两句可知C项正确。4What can be inferred according to the last paragraph?AMany people show their fears of cloning.BCloning technology can not be used to cure generelated diseases.CHuman beings cant benefit from cloning at all.DCloning technology promises unprecedented advancement in medicine.答案：A推理判断题。由第四段最后一句话可知人们对这项技术还是心存恐惧的。故A正确。七选五Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. _1_ We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we dont feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide. _2_The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. _3_First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole._4_Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily._5_As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the level in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week.AWe use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.BThermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.CNow that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.DThe water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.EThey label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.FTake wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把粘住) them together.GPeople use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了温度计在人们日常生活中的应用及如何自制简易温度计。1A由上下文可知，此处陈述我们日常生活中很多其他情况下也需要用温度计来测量温度，故A正确。2E从上文可知，温度计分华氏温标和摄氏温标两种方式计量温度，选项E进一步介绍了这两种温度计量方式冰点和沸点的不同，故正确答案是E。3C本段前一部分介绍了温度计的设计和工作原理，下文“First . Finally .”详细描述了制造一个能够起到计量温度作用的温度计的步骤，所以C符合文意。4F根据设空处前一句的内容可推断此处应说明如何把吸管粘到瓶盖上，故F符合语境。5D由设空处上一句尤其是下一句内容可判断此处说明水位在吸管中上升的情况，故选D。语法填空Nowadays, it is common that parents buy an _1_ (education) present for their children. A lot of personal computers