写作技巧综合幻灯片.ppt

这些错误 你有么 第一篇 知己知彼 Itwasraininghard theycouldnotworkinthefields Iwasborninasmalltown inthesmalltowntherewasonlyoneschool Istudiedthereforsixyears Ourhostentertaineduswithmanyinterestingstoriesofadventure hehadbeenamemberofanexplorationteamworkingintheArctic Liualwaysdidhisworkalittlebetterthanhisfellowworkers thatwaswhyhegothigherpaythanothers Theirworkwaswellplaned everybodyworkedwithgreatenthusiasm thus theyoverfulfilledtheirquota 结论一 逗号的误用 Employeecangetmorebenefitsfromtelecommutingthantheemployers 结论二 可数名词的误用 Thereareagreatnumberofchildrenthinkthemainpurposeofeducationshouldbetoaffordthempleasureandenjoyment Theproblemthatarecreatedbyenvironmentalcontamination 污染 isveryhardtoresolve 结论三 动词的误用 Becausehedidn tcatchuptheearlybus sohewaslateforwork Iboughtmybrotheranewbike buthelikeditverymuch Workhard youcandoitwell MostWesternersliketoeatlargeportionsofmeat TheChineseprefertoconsumemeatintheformofstrips 结论四 连词使用有误 Computertechnologyhelpsusdomanythings butitalsopreventsustodomanyothers 结论五 搭配出错 链接 BernardShawwasoneofthebest knownplaywrights BorninasmalltowninsouthChinaintheearly1950s hegrewuptobeafamousmusician 结论六 缺乏完整性 Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds Wethoughtshewascharming intelligent andaverycapableyoungwoman Wehavegreatfaithandhighhopesforher 结论七 缺乏连贯性 错误平行结构 Shetoldmysisterthatshewaswrong Hewasknockeddownbyabicycle butitwasnotserious I mgoingtothelectureonmodernChinesedrama becauseheisadramatistIlike 结论七 缺乏连贯性 代词模糊指代 Lookingoutofthewindow thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecanreach Enteringtheclassroom thestudentsstoodupandsaid Goodmorning Togetreadyforthetrip allthethingssheneededwereputintoasuitcase 结论七 缺乏连贯性 悬垂结构的误用 Ienjoyreadingforecastsofthefuture butyouwonderwhichwillturnouttobecorrect 结论七 缺乏连贯性 人称 IfyourEnglishisnotgood yourgoingtohavetroublewithallthesubject 结论七 缺乏连贯性 单复数 Themanhadreproachedbyhisdaughterwhowasangrythathehaddesertedhermotherfortwentyyears 结论七 缺乏连贯性 语态 Ididnotknowwhatwashappenedintheclassroom 结论七 缺乏连贯性 时态 Thejudgeorderedthatthesuspectwasdetainedimmediately 结论七 缺乏连贯性 虚拟语气 HereturnedintheearlypartofthemonthofAugust Hegavemanyreasonsforthefailure butthereasonshegavewerenotconvincing Thismachinewasjointlydesignedbytheoldengineerincollaborationwithsomeofhisyoungercolleagues Therewasapinetreethatstoodlikeagiantonthetopofthemountain Ittoweredoverthetreesaroundit Thereareanumberofstudentswhowanttojointhedramaclub AtthepresenttimeIamtakingthecourseofWordHistoryandinadditionacourseingeographytoo Youmustfirstworkoutanoutlineforyourpaper andthenafteryouhavedonethat youneedtocollectallkindsofmaterialstosupportyourpointofview Whateverhedoes heworksseriouslywithgreatcare anddoeshisbestsoastodoitwell Thecauseofthefloodwasduetotheheavyraininlatespring 结论八 缺乏简洁性 第二篇 摩拳擦掌这些方法 你会么 第二篇 摩拳擦掌这些方法 你会么 一 词语多样化 一 小词稍变大inmyopinion formypart frommyownperspectivepeople individuals characters folksgood positive favorable promising perfect pleasurable excellent outstanding gorgeous fantastic think harbortheideathat taketheattitudethat holdtheviewthat itiswidelysharedthat itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatvery extremely exceedingly awfullything affair business matter some asliceof quiteafew severalmany anarmyof anoceanof aseaof amultitudeof helpful beneficial rewarding bad dreadful unfavorable harmful poor adverse aspect respect facet angle dimension want inwantof desire expect lookforwardto beeagerto remember bear keepinmindcause leadto giveriseto resultin trigger getmuchbenefit reaphugefruitsbtakeinterestin sthappealstosb sthexertatremendousfascinationonsbpayattentionto attachimportanceto pourattentionintobeagainst disagreewithsth frownonsth moreandmore increasingly adj adv growing neg Sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth forexample forinstance tonamejustafew 牛刀小试 Thedownofthenewwitnessedmoreandmorepopularcomputers Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology computersenteringintothenowsocietyasafashionareappealingtomoreandmorepeople Itisnoexaggerationtosaywehavebeensubmergedbythem inlargemeasure Answer 1 moreandmorepopular increasinglypopularity2 With Coincidentwith 与 一致3 development advancement4 enterinto pourinto floodinto swarminto5 now current6 moreandmorepeople increasingindividuals 二 词性略变化1 V Nimprove improvementintentto intentiondecide decisionprovide provisionexplore explorationdiscover discoveryEg 1 MrSmithknewChineseverywell HealsohadagoodknowledgeofFrenchandRussian 2 Hegraduatedlastyear andhewasexcitedaboutit Hisgraduationlastyearexcitedhim 3 Peopleareconcernedbecausethetraditionalvaluesaregraduallydisappearing Peopleareconcernedaboutthegradualdisappearanceofthetraditionalvalues 2 be of 抽象n importance help value use interest significance necessity quality impact ect Creatinggreencampusisimportantforprotectingourenvironment Creatinggreencampusisofgreatimportanceoftheenvironmentalprotection 单词串烧 二 句型多样化 一 使用从属结构1 Xucomesfromaworking classfamily Heenrolledincollegelastfall Xu whocomesfromaworking classfamily enrolledincollegelastfall Xu comingfromaworking classfamily enrolledincollegelastfall 12字短语 人 物 出场 情景介绍 与我关系 2 Hereturnedhishometown Hehadbeenawayfor20years Helookedinvainforthefamiliarlandmarks Havingbeenawayfor20years hereturnedhishometown lookinginvainforthefamiliarlandmarks 3 Wehavemadesomeprogress wehavealongwaytogo Althoughwemadesomeprogress wehadalongwaytogo 4 Sheappearedonthestage Astormyapplausebrokeforth Sheappearedonthestage astormyapplausebreakingforth 三 句子结构多变化 一 倒装句Onlyinthiswaycanthisproblembeeffectivelysolved NotonlycantheylearnEnglishfromtheirteachersbutalsotheyareabletolearnfromtheirclassmates 二 虚拟语气Wereitlefttometodecidewhetherweshouldhaveagovernmentwithoutnewspapersornewspaperswithoutagovernment Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter 四 句子开头多样化 一 形容词提前Sheisyoungandambitious andsheworkshardtogetthejob Youngandambitious sheworkshardtogetthejob 二 副词提前Interestingly areasonableamountofpressureseemstomakethemajorityofemployeesmoreproductive 三 介词提前Inconsequenceofignoringtheimportanceofchildren sgrowingupindependently manyparentsareinclinedtodoalltheycantoassisttheirchildren 介词短语 inconsequenceof 由于inplaceof 替代inspiteof 尽管 withrespectto 关于forthepurposeof 为 目的forthesakeof 为了intheinterestof 为了 的利益withaviewto 为了 指望withaneyeto 为了 试图inreturnfor 对 的回报 四 非谓语动词短语提前1 Runningsofast hecaughtthebus905 2 Theteacherenteredtheclassroom Allthestudentssaid Goodmorning Theteacherenteringtheclassroom allthestudentssaid Goodmorning 3 Ifitisfinetomorrow we llgoouting Itbeingfinetomorrow we llgoouting 4 Weenteredtheshop andasaleswomangreetedus andallkindsofshoeswereontheshelves andthepriceswerequitereasonable andalotofcustomerswerebuyingthem Enteringtheshop weweregreetedbyasaleswoman allkindsofshoesbeingontheshelves thepricesbeingquitereasonable alotofcustomersbuyingthem 5 Totellmyfriendthegoodnews aletterwaspostedatonce Totellmyfriendthegoodnews Ipostedaletteratonce 牛刀小试 1 Hedecidedtotakethejob anditwassomethingunexpected Unexpectedly hedecidedtotakethejob 2 Chinahaschangedagreatdealasaresultofreformandopening uppolicyduringthepast30years Asaresultofreformandopening uppolicyduringthepast30years Chinahaschangedagreatdeal 3 Chinawillnotbethefirsttousethenuclearweaponsunderanycircumstance UndernocircumstancewillChinabethefirsttousethenuclearweapons 4 Therearefewmistakesinthelanguageofthecomposition butitisnotverygoodbecausethecontentisnotinteresting Althoughtherearefewmistakesinthelanguageofthecomposition itisnotverygoodbecausethecontentisnotinteresting IgotupalittlelaterthanusualonSundaymorning Iwashedandhadaquickbreakfast ThenIstartedgoingtotowntobuythedictionaryrecommendedbytheteacher AttheschoolgateIsawLiPing Iaskedhimifhewasgoingtotowntoo andhesaidthathewas Sowedecidedtogotogether Allthebuseswerecrowded Wehadwaitedalongtimeatthebusstopbeforewecouldgetonthebus Anhourlaterwegotoffthebusatabusystreet Therewerethreebookstoresthere Wewenttothefirstoneanddidn tfindthedictionary Thenwewenttothesecondoneandtheassistantsaidthatthedictionarywassoldout Ifinallyboughtthedictionaryatthethirdstore Afterthat LiPingandIwenttoothersstoresandboughtvariousthings Wereturnedtoschooljustintimeforlunch 第三篇 破茧成蝶这些段落 你知么 一 段落的组成 1 主题句 Publicopinionsonwhatittakestosucceedinone sstudiesorcareervarywidely Givenapproximatelyequalcircumstances someclaimthesuccessfactorislargelyamatterofluck beingintherightplaceandtherighttime Othersspeakofutterdevotiontowork combinedwithadegreeofruthlessness Stillothersmaintainthatitisundoubtedlyamatterofhowmuchintelligenceyouhaveorsimplyhowmucheducationyourmotherhad Inaword peoplehavedifferentideasonit 2 扩展句 1 Thecomputerfindsmanyapplicationsinallfields 2 Computersarenowdoingalmosteverythingfromdiagnosinghospitalpatientstorunningnuclearpowerstations 3 Inmanyfieldswhereinformationiscollected processed stored andretrieved computersarebeingusedmoreandmore 4 Computersarealsousedasanaidtodesignplanning 5 Forexample theycanbeusedtopredictfaultsindesignaswellasthecostofadesignifoneisplanningtobuildaroad 3 连接手段 1 使用同义词Mythsnarratesacredhistoriesandexplainsacredorigins Thesetraditionalnarrativesare inshort asetofbeliefsthatareveryrealforceinthelivesofthepeoplewhotellthem 2 使用代词Thebrainisthecontroller theorganizerandtheinformation processingcenterofthebody Thebrainistheboss Thebrainrunstheshow Thebrainactsliketheboss freelyexercisingthebrain sprivilegesandprerogatives 3 使用过渡性 启承转合 质词语 启 开启firstly inthefirstplace forastart recently lately Recently theissueof hasbeenbroughttopublicattention Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones 承 进一步论证secondly inthesecondplace besides moreover furthermore equallyimportant whatismoreimportantisthat likewise similarly 转 相反对立however while unlike whereas nevertheless conversely otherwise onthecontrary incontrasttosth 合 总结概括consequently therefore accordingly tosumup inaword inshort insummary onthewhole 牛刀小试 Speakingandwritingaredifferentinmanyways Speechdependsonsounds Writinguseswrittensymbols Speechdevelopedabout500 00yearsago Writtenlanguageisarecentdevelopment Itwasinventedonlyaboutsixthousandyearsago Speechisusuallyinformal Thewordchoiceofwritingisoftenrelativelyformal Pronunciationandaccentoftentellwherethespeakerisfrom Pronunciationandaccentareignoredinwriting Astandarddictionandspellingsystemprevailsinthewrittenlanguageinmostcountries Speechreliesongestures loudnessandtheriseandfallofthevoice Writinglacksgesture loudnessandtheriseandfallofthevoice Carefulspeakerandwritersareawareofthedifferences 新版 Speakingandwritingaredifferentinmanyways Speechdependsonsounds Writing ontheotherhand useswrittensymbols Speechdevelopedabout500 00yearsago butwrittenlanguageisarecentdevelopment inventedonlyaboutsixthousandyearsago Speechisusuallyinformal whilethewordchoiceofwriting bycontrast isoftenrelativelyformal Althoughpronunciationandaccentoftentellwherethespeakerisfrom theyareignoredinwritingbecauseastandarddictionandspellingsystemprevailsinmostcountries Speechreliesongestures loudnessandtheriseandfallofthevoice butwritinglacksthesefeatures Carefulspeakerandwritersareawareofthedifferences 二 段落扩展1 对比法SimilaritiesDifferencesboth also too aswell ontheotherhand issimilarto however whereas similarlyincontrast while likewisehowever otherwise correspondingtoonthecontraryequallyimportantinsteadof inthesamewaydespite inspiteof 例释 Whydomanygraduatesindulgeinbusinessinsteadofinteaching Partofthereasonistheever wideningpaygapbetweenthesetwoprofessions Asecretary anofficeclerkorabankemployeecanearnmonthlyincomeashighasRMB2 000 andwhenoneispromotedtothepositionofabusinessexecutiveormanager thesalaryisevenhigher Butacollegegraduatewithamasterdegreecanonlyget1 000permonthforhisteachingjob Nowonder collegegraduateareattractedintomorelucrative 有利润的 fields 2 因果法 CauseEffectbecause since therefore thus bedueto asresultofhence outof owingto accordingly consequently soasto therefore 例释 Theroleofwomanintoday ssocietyischanging Onereasonisthatwomanhavebegantoassertthemselvesasindependentpeoplethroughthewoman smovement Also womanareawareofthealternativestostayingathome Anotherreasonisthatincreasingnumbersofwomanwhoenternewfieldsandinterestsservesasrolemodelsforotherwoman Moreover menarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheabilitiesofwomanandhavebeguntoviewtheirindependentpositively 3 举例法 forexample instance toillustrate asanillustration takesthasanexample 例释 Thistermseveralusefulandinterestingcourseshavebeenoffered AnintroductiontoEuropeanCulture forinstance givesusalotofbackgroundofthehistoryofEuropeanphilosophy literature andarts AmericanSocietyandCultureisanothercoursethatattractsalargeaudience Theteacher whovisitedtheUnitedStatesnotsolongago discussesnewtrendsandchangesinAmericanlifeaswellasAmericanhistoryandtraditions Weliketheseandothercoursesverymuch becausetheyhelpusnotonlytoimproveourEnglishbutalsotobroadenourvision 4 分类法 canbedividedinto kinds types classes parts fallinto categories isakind typeof isapartof isassociatedwith例释 Examinationsfallintothreekinds Oneisthemachine scored objective type Inanobjectivetest thestudentsanswerquestionsbydecidingonthebestchoiceamonganumberofalternativesgiven Antheristhe completion type Thiskindofexaminationrequiresthestudentstoaddsawordorphrasetocompleteasentence Andthethirdtypeistheassayexamination inwhichthestudentsareaskedtowriteacompositiononagiventopic Allthesekindsofexaminationsaredesignedtorevealwhatastudentsmayhavelearnedinanyparticularcourse 5 综合法 Balloonshavebeenusedforsportsforabout100years Therearetwokindsofsportsballoons gasandhotfire HotballoonsarepreferredbymostballoonistsintheUnitedStatedbecauseoftheirsafety Theyarealsocheaper andeasiertomanagethangasballoons Despitetheeaseofoperationonaballoon pilotmustwatchtheweathercarefully Sportballoonflightsarebestearlyinthemorningorlateintheafternoon whenthewindislight OvertheyearsballoonistshavetriedunsuccessfullytocrosstheAtlanticOcean Itwasnotuntil1978thatthreeAmericanballoonistssucceeded IttookthemjustsixdaystomaketheirtripfromtheirhomeintheUnitedStatestoParis France Theirvoyagecapturedtheimaginationofthewholeworld 三 如何构建文章 1 开头段 提问法 Whatdoyouwantfromyourwork Money Promotions Interestingchallenges Continuallearning Worked basedfriendships Theopportunitytodevelopyourownideaandpotentials Thoughweareallindividualsandsoouranswerswilldiffer allagreethatworkprovidesmorethanmaterialthings 2 中间段 列举法Thereareanumberofwaysforustokeepfit First nomatterhowbusyweare weshouldhaveexerciseeverydaytostrengthenourmuscles Second itisimportanttokeepgoodhours Forexample ifweareinthehabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly wecanavoidoverworkingourselvesandgetenoughsleep Finally entertainmentisalsonecessarysothatwemayhavesomemomentsofrelaxation Ifwefollowthoseinstructions wewillcertainlybeingoodhealth 3 结尾段 1 总结归纳法 Inconclusion Iwouldliketosaythatchangeisaproblemconfrontingmostofustoday Thechangeswhichhavealreadytakenplaceineveryfieldareirreversible Duringtherevolutiontherearegreatrewardstobewon bythosewhoarewilingtotaketheopportunitiesbeingoffered 2 预测展望法 Itistimethatgovernmentshouldspeakoutagainstcorruptionandtakestrongactiontopunishwhoevertakesbribes Forpresentofficialcorruption ifpermittedtocontinue willnotonlylosethegovernment spopularity butleadtoitsultimatedownfall 3 提出建议法 Collegeathleticsplayssuchavitalrolethatitdeservescloseattentionandpersistenteffort Itissuggestedthatphysicaltrainingshouldberegardedasarequiredcourseofcollegecurricula Wesincerelyhopethatthissuggestionwillbeacommitmentthatallcollegeanduniversitieswilltakeup 4 反问强调法 Therefore listenin