七年级名词冠词人称代词形容词副词.doc

词类：名词/冠词/形容词/副词/数词/代词/介词/动词1. 人称代词 形容词性 名词性格 主格 宾格物主代词 物主代词 反身代词第一人称(单) I me my mine myself第一人称(复) we us our ours ourselves第二人称(单) youyou your yours yourself第二人称(复) you you your yours yourselves第三人称(单”他”) he him his his himself(单”她”)she her her hers herself(单“它”)it it its its itself (复“他们”)they them their theirs themselves注意：A:形容词性物主代词在句中作定语. B:形容词性物主代词前后均不可接定冠词the。名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his itstheirs注意：A:名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语/表语/宾语.B:它还可以构成a(an/this/that/some/no)+名词+of+名词性物主代词句型.For example:Our school is big , and theirs is small. 作主语Whose radio is this ? Its hers. 作表语You need not clean my room because my room is clean.Please clean yours.作宾语He is a very good friend of mine.作of短语的定语人称代词并列用法的排列顺序：1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称eg：you and I; he/she/it and I; you, he/she/it and I2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称eg: we and you; you and they; we you and theyexercise:1. These are _ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ). 10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teacher11. _will be sent there by air.A. you,she and I B. I, she and you C. she,you and i D.I, you and she12. . Can you help_(I)?13.-Is that coat _(you) ?- Yes , its _(I) .14.-_ is my mother , this is _ bag.(she) .15.-This is not _book (I ) , this is Jims . Look ! _(she) name is on it. 16.-Dont call _(he) this morning.17-Those apples are _(my ). _(you) oranges are there.18.-Please call _(I ) at 568-6202.19.-_(I ) classmates ask _( I ) to help _(they) with _(they) English.20.- This is _(Tom) friend. _(she) name is Lily.21.-The boy is Nick , but _(he) doesnt like _(he ) class.22.This is _(Tom and Amy ) house.2.形容词和副词的比较级一比较级：(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger greater etc(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting more important etc.(3) 双写最后一个辅音字母er1. fatfatterfattest 2. thinthinnerthinnest 3. hothotterhottest4. redredderreddest 5. wetwetterwettest 6. bigbiggerbiggest(4) 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为iereasyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest再如：early , busy , heavy , dirty , lazy .注意：最高级则是把比较级 er 改为est，形容词最高级前加the，副词最高级前可加可不加工厂the.(5) 不规则变化：goodbetterbest bad(ill) worse worstold older oldest many(much) moremostold elder oldest little less leastfar farther farthestfar further furthest二 比较级的用法1表示两者进行比较时用比较级，结构：A+比较级+than+B例如：Lilys room is bigger than mine. Tom is more careful than his elder brother. Knowledge is more important than money.2有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a lot,much,even,a few,still,far,rather,any等修饰时用比较级如：It is much colder today than yesterdayWhat bad weather！ Yes.The radio says it will be even_later on.A.bad B.badly C.worse D.worst3表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“which/who is+比较级，AorB?”表示。如：Who is taller,LiMing or Wang Tao.4表示“两者之间比较的一个（of the two）”时，用“the+比较级”结构。如：John is the taller boy of the two boys.5表示“越就越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。如：The more you study，the more you know。 The busier the old man is，the happier he feels。6表示“越来越”,用“比较级+and+比较级”，当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时，用“more and more+形容词原级”。如：Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.三 最高级的用法1表示三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较时，用最高级形式，最高级前多用the.基本形式：A.+the 最高级+(名词)+表示范围的短语或从句（of/in/among）如：She is the eldest among the sisters.He is the tallest in his class,/of three/among them.Zhang Hua is the tallest of all the students.2形容词最高级前可以加序数词，表示“第几最”.如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.3表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物中进行选择时，用“which/who is+the+最高级，A,BorC？”结构。如：Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?4表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the+最高级”结构该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如：Zhoujielun is one of the most popular singers.5当形容词前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。如:This is our best lesson today.注意：1表示“最高级”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。2有时候最高级前不要the.此时句中往往没有比较的范围限制，most相当于very.This is a most (very) interesting book. (这是一本非常有趣的书。)This is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。)3使用形容词最高级时，比较的一方属于比较范围之中的一分子.Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.(错误)Mary is the tallest of all her sisters in her family.(正确)练习：1. The more you learn,the_it will be for you to get a job.(宣武一模)A.easy B.easier C.more easily D. easiest2.Wangfujing street is one of_ street in Beijing.Lett go there for a shopping trip.(昌平一模)A.busy B.busier C.busiest D.the busiest3.The more you read,_you will get.A.the less B.the most C.the more D.much more4.My father told me a story last night. It is_one Ive ever heard.A.the funniest B.funniest C.funnier D.the funnier5.Jim jumped much_than John. Yes.He got the first in the sports meetA.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest6.Beijing is one of_cities in the world.A. the biggest B.bigger C.much bigger D.big7.The air in mountain areas is_than that in big cities. A.fresh B.fresher C.freshest D.the freshest8.My mother ususlly gets up so 30 minutes_than me every day.A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the earliest9.How do you like English,Mary? I think its a little_than math.A.easy B.easier C.easiest D.the easiest10._This camera is really cheap._The_,the better. Im short of money,you see.A.cheap B. cheaper C.expensive D.more expensive11.Li Ming has the key to our class,and he often comes to school_.A.ealy B.earliest C.much earlier D.earlier12.Who is_,Tom,Peter or John?A.the tallest B.tallest C.taller D.tall13.summer is coming. The weather gets_.A.cold and cold B.colder and colder C.hotter and hotter D.hot and hot14.Which coat is_,the blue one or the brown one?A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest15.Mount Qomolangma is_mountain in the world.A.high B.higher C.much higher D.the highest16.Im not only growing older and taller, but also_than before.A.clever B.cleverer C.cleverest D.the clecerest17.I think the music channel is_of all.I like it so much.A.good B.better C.best D.the best18._Have you seen the movie Avatar? _Yes,twice.Its_one Ive seen.A.interesting B.more interetsting C.most interesting D.the most interesting19.Bills math is much_than any other students in his class.A.good B.better C.best D.the best20.Which is_,singing,dancing or watching TV?A.relaxing B.more relaxing C.most relaxing D.the most relaxing21.Who sings_,Lily or Jane?A.well B.better C.best D.the best22.The price of this computer is_of the three.A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest23.Computers are very popular now. They are_than before.A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest24.The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the internet gets us_.A.less B.more C.closer D.farther25Which shirt is_,the red one or the yellow one? The yellow one,of course.Its only 20 dollars.A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest26.Tiananmen Square is one of_squares in the world.A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest27.The boy is getting_.A.taller and taller B.more and more tall C.tall and taller D.more taller and taller28.Remember, boys and girls._you work,_result you will get.we know,miss Gao.A. the better; the harder B.the harder;the betterC.the hard;the better D.the harder;the good29.children there are in a family,_their life will be.A.the less;the better B.the fewer;the betterC.fewer;richer D.more;poorer30.Peter jumps_than any other boy in our school. Im sure he wil be the winner in the high jump.A.higher B.longer C.faster D.farther3.名词：A:可数名词由单数变复数的七种规则 直接+s eg: book-books, apple-apples 单词以s, x, ch, sh结尾，+eseg: bench-benches dish-dishes box-boxes bus-buses单词以f、fe结尾，去f、fe, 再+ves eg: knife-knives leaf-leavesA:单词中以短元音+y，+s eg: boy-boys key-keys play-plays toy-toysB: 无短元音+y 去y, 再+ies eg: baby-babies family-families单词结尾是o的单词，分二类变复数。eg: photo, radio, piano, zoo,kilo,two,studios,bamboo+seg: tomato, potato, hero, Negro +es 黑人英雄吃西红柿和土豆单词的单复数同行 eg: Chinese, people, sheep, fish, deer, fruit单数名词变复数的不规则变化 man men woman women foot feet tooth teethgoose geese roof roofs ox oxen mouse micechild childrenB:集合名词当作整体看待及强调特征性质时,谓语用单数;表示具体成员在作具体动作时,谓语用复数.family/team/group/party/class/school /government/company/people(指民族)For example:Their family is richer than our. Their family were watching TV.C:不可数名词不可数名词分为：物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：用来指无法分为个体的物质，材料的名词如：water, wind,glass,steel抽象名词：用来指人或事物的品质，情感，状态或动作等抽象概念的名词如：honesty love silence life不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，必须与一个名词短语连用，相当于中文里的【一 +（量词）+ 名词】，其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。For example： a piece of bread/cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布), furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉) : 一块面包 一块蛋糕、一张纸、一根线、 an item of information 一则情报 a burst of applause 一阵掌声 a fit of anger 一顿脾气 a slip of paper 一张纸条 a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水七年级名词 专项练习(一) 将列各词变为复数形式 (10分, 10分钟)1. Monday 2. key _3. Chinese 4. zoo _5. policeman 6. watch 7. Frenchman 8. wife 9. boy _10. tomato (二) 在B栏中找出与A栏中意思相近的词或解释, 并把字母标号填入括号内. (10分, 10分钟)AB 1. Sundaya. a piece of work 2. hospitalb. fathers brother 3. springc. the gases (气体) around (在.周围) the earth 4. aird. something invented 5. ideae. a place for sick (有病的) person 6. holidayf. mothers sister 7. jobg. a thought in mind 8. inventionh. a time of rest from work 9. unclei. the day before Monday 10. auntj. time between winter and summer(三) 将下列词组译成英语 (10分, 10分钟)1. 教师办公室 2. 昨天的报纸 3. 步行半小时的路程 4. 她的一位朋友 5. 一个五岁的女孩 6. 学生阅览室 7. 五瓶桔汁 8. 三盘鱼(肉) 9. 少先队员 10. 美利坚合众国 (四) 请完成下列句子 (15分, 15分钟).1. There is (一幅中国地图) on the back wall. Its above the table.2. Beijing is (中国的首都).3. Today is (玛丽的生日).4. Have you read (今天的报纸)?5. (步行20分钟的路程) is not so far.6. Have you ever been to (长城) this year?7. My father bought (一双鞋) for me two days ago.8. We all went to the Summer Palace except (小明的奶奶) yesterday morning.9. Look! There are (四十五瓶牛奶) in the basket.10. There are six people in their family. Two of them are (男大夫).(五) 将下列句子变为复数形式 (15分, 15分钟)1. My uncle has caught a fish. 2. This teacher is a Party member. 3. That knife if made of steel (钢). 4. My brother is a PLA man. 5. The child is singing happily in the room. 6. It is not a watch. 7. She doesnt work on Sunday. 8. Is that a pencil-box? 9. Is this a new play (戏剧)? 10. The desk is made of wood. (六) 用正确的词或短语填空 (10分, 10分钟)1. Many (sheeps, sheep) are eating grass at the foot of the hill now.2. No news _ (is, are) good news. 3. Chinese _ (is, are) not so difficult to learn.4. Id like to have a cup of tea and (two breads, two pieces of bread).5. These (radios, radioes) were made by the students themselves last term.6. There is (little, a little) time left. Lets hurry up.7. I havent much (homeworks, homework) to do this evening.8. There is (a few, a little) milk in the glass.9. As soon as we saw her face, we knew the news (was, were) bad.10. Please give me (two papers, two pieces of paper) to write on.(七) 找出下列句中的错误并改正 (10分, 10分钟)1. Do you have a lot of works to do tonight? _2. There is plenty of rooms for improvement (改进的余地) in this work.3. When we want to have our hairs cut, we go to the barbers (理发店)._4. She stays at her sister for the time being (暂时). _5. There are a lot of good news. _6. After two years of hard work, he was able to read and write in English. _7. He is one of my best friend._8. Mathematics are not easy to learn._9. Have you read those beautiful poems of Guo Moros (郭沫若那些美丽的诗篇)?_10. The police is worried about the girls safety (安全)._(八) 将下列句子译成英语 (20分, 20分钟)1. 我弟弟有一米高。 2. 我们班有二十四个男生, 二十五个女生。3. 请递给我三盒火柴。 4. 我的眼镜是新的。 5. 一年有多少个月？ 4.冠词:A:不定冠词a, an均表示“一个”的意思，但要注意，an 只用在第一个音标是元音音标的单词前面。B:定冠词the 是一种特殊的冠词，共有七种情况会用到或需特别记忆。用在乐器（musical instrument）的前面。 Eg: play the violin（小提琴）play the piano（钢琴）世界上唯一的一件事物。 Eg: The sun rises in the sky. (太阳升起来了)世界上最 (大，小，美，丑)的事物 (形容词的最高级，副词最高级可加可不加)eg: Whats the biggest bird in the world? 世界上最大的鸟是什么？ 常用的短语。（指代物为共知事物） eg: open the door close the window 在上下文中第二次提到的事物。Eg: There is a tiger walking in the forest. The tiger wants to find food. 表示序数词的第几 eg: The first person “I and we” (第一人称是“我和我们”) 在元音开头的字母前，读音发生改变。: i: eg: the egg， the orangeC:不加定冠词:（1）球类,棋类前不加定冠词 eg: play basketball/football/chess（2）季节,月份,星期,节目,三餐和表示抽象的morning/evening前不加冠词eg: she cried sadly that day in the morning.冠词练习：1.She is _girl . She is _English girl .2.I am looking at _ sun .3.There is _”S” and _” t” in the word “sit” .4.She can play _ piano ,but she cant play _ football .5.Parents are _first teachers.翻译： 1.一个苹果_ 2.一个绿色的苹果_3.一辆吉普车_ 4.一辆旧吉普车_5一本有用的书_ 6.太阳_-7.东方_ 8.右边_9.弹钢琴_ 10.最高的男孩_11.长城_ 12.学习第一单元_ 一动词be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。二this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的，我是，你是谁？注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am, Are you？/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ Yes, it is. 是的，它是。Whats that? 那是什么？ Its a kite. 是只风筝。三these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。四名词s所有格名词s所有格1、单数名词后直接加 “ s ”Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈2、以s结尾的复数名词，只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书3、不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋4、表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加s表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）五There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。”其基本结构为“There be某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：There is