完成时(现在 过去 将来).ppt

thePresentPerfectTense 现在完成时 现在完成时的构成 have has 动词过去分词时间状语 already yet ever never just before 规则动词的过去分词 1 一般加 ed worked started2 辅音 y 结尾的动词 y变成i后加ed study studied3 以 e 结尾的动词后加 d hope hoped4 双写辅音字母 stopped 动词过去分词形成方式 规则和不规则变化 动词的过去式以及过去分词 不规则动词的过去式与过去分词 AAA put put putlet let letABB stand stood stoodABA become became becomeABC eat ate eaten 现在完成时的不同的形式 肯定式 主语 has have 过去分词 p p Mysisterhasalreadywashedalltheclothes 否定式 主语 hasn t p p Mysisterhasn talreadywashedalltheclothes 疑问式 Has have 主语 p p Hasyoursisteralreadywashedalltheclothes 肯定答语 Yes 主语 hasYes shehas 否定答语 No 主语 hasn tNo shehasn t Hehaslosthiskey Thekeyisn tinhispocketsnow 用法1 Theyareintheroomnow Theyhavecomeintotheroom past now Yesterday wecleanedtheclassroom Now theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit 用法1 强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响 1 Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday Now Ihavealottoreadbecause 2 Isawthisfilmlastweek Now IknowthisfilmbecauseI 3 Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday Now IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme haveseenitbefore havefinishedit 仍然 还 用在疑问句和否定句中 Ihaven treadthisbookyet Haveyouhadbreakfastyet already Yet 已经 通常用于肯定句中 Ihavealreadypostedtheletter 有时 也用在疑问句中表示惊讶 Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready 从来不 用在否定句中 Ishefamous Ihaveneverheardofhim ever never 曾经 通常用于疑问句和肯定句中 Ihaveeverseenthisfilm HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA 以前 用在完成时中 放在句尾 haveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore just before 刚刚 用在陈述句中 Ihavejustboughtanovel Shebegantoworkin1999 Shestillworksherenow Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor2years 用法2 now past IbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfourfiveyears 用法2 过去发生的动作一直延续到现在 1 Iamadoctor IbegantoworkwhenIwas22 Now Iam26 I forfouryears 2 WewenttotheUSAlastMonday TodayisMonday We stay intheUSAsincelastMonday haveworked havestayed sinceandfor Thewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years sincetwoyearsago since2yearsago since1998 sinceshecametotheschool for 一段时间 since 点时间 一 用for和since填空 threehours threeo clock twodays yesterdayafternoon Icamehere lastSunday aweek alongtime 1997 twoweeks threeyearsago lastmonth for since for since since since for for since for since since 1 They veknowneachothersince A 1995B threeyears2 I vebeeninterestedinChinesefor A lastyearB oneyear3 Shehasbeenadoctorfor A twoyearsB twoyearsago4 I vehadaheadachesince A IgotupthismorningB fivehours5 We vebeenherefor A onehourB oneo clock A A B A B 6 Myparentshaveownedthishousefor A alongtimeB manyyearsago7 They vebeeninlovesince A lastspringB threemonths8 Wehaveknowneachothersince A oneyearB lastyear9 Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis Since A lastnightB twodays10 Howlonghassheworkedhere Shehasworkedherefor A 1993B sixyears A A B A B Exercise根据所给情况 用just already或yet造句 1 Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse Shesays Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat Yousay No thankyou havelunch 2 Joegoesout Fiveminuteslater thephoneringsandthecallersays CanIspeaktoJoe Yousay I mafraid goout hehasjustgoneout I vejusthadlunch 3 Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway Yousay Waitamoment not finish 4 Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening Youphonetoreserve 预定 atable Lateryourfriendsays ShallIphonetoreserveatable Yousay No it do Ihaven tfinishedityet Ihavealreadydone 5 Youknowthatafriendofyoursislookingforajob Perhapsshehasbeensuccessful Askher Yousay find 6 Annwenttothebank butafewminutesagoshereturned Somebodyasks IsAnnstillatthebank Yousay No comeback Haveyoualreadyfoundthejob Shehasalreadycameback 比较现在完成时和过去时的区别 现在完成时所表示的是过去的行动所造成的现在的情况 一般过去时表示的是过去发生的事实 现在完成时不能和确定的过去时间状语连用 如 yesterday lastyear in1976 twodaysago justnow 但可以和一些不确定的时间状语连用 也可和包括现在在内的时间状语连用 如 already yet before latelyrecently once twice ever never 1 Shehasalreadycome 2 Ihaven treadityet go come leave die等词语表示的动作是一时的 不能延续 不能与for since等表示一段时间的词连用 如不能说 Hehasgonefortwomonths F 但可以说 Hehasbeenawayfor2months 总结现在完成时 1 构成 have has 过去分词 2 概念 1 表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结果 常与下列状语连用 already just yet ever never before 2 表示过去已经发生 持续到现在的动作或状态 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在 包括 现在 在内 的一段时间的状语连用 a for和表示一段时间的词组连用 如 for3yearsb since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用 如 since1997 sincetwoyearsago sincelastweek 过去完成时态 2 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态 也就是说发生在 过去的过去 1 PastperfectTense过去完成时构成 had 过去分词 6 007 00现在 BythetimeIgotup mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes 过去完成时的不同的形式 肯定式 主语 had 过去分词 p p Mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes 否定式 主语 hadn t p p Mysisterhadn talreadywashedalltheclothes 疑问式 Had 主语 p p Hadyoursisteralreadywashedalltheclothes 肯定答语 Yes 主语 hadYes shehad 否定答语 No 主语 hadn tNo shehadn t ThedifferencesbetweenPresentPerfecttenseandPastPerfecttense 现在完成时 主语 have hasdone过去完成时 主语 haddone 1 我到家时她已经睡了 BythetimeIgothome shehadalreadygonetobed 2 到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球 Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld 3 他走以后我找到了那封信 Ifoundtheletterafterhehadgoneaway Wereachedthecinemalate Thefilmhadalreadybeenonfortenminutes 4 我们到电影院晚了 电影已经开始十分钟了 常用的时间状语等标志词 1 by before when bythetime等构成的短语或引导的从句 Eg 1 Bythetimeshecametothebusstop thebushadalreadygone 2 Wehadfinishedthetaskbeforemidnight 3 WhenIarrivedatthepostoffice IfoundthatIhadlefttheletterathome 4 AfterIhadfinishedmyhomework Iwenttobed 2 由said told knew heard thought等引导的宾语从句中 Eg Hetoldmethathehadheardofit Ithoughtmyhomeworkhadbeenfininshed ButIdidn t 3 从过去开始 一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作 状态 常用since for Eg ShesaidthatshehadlearnedEnglishforyearssincehecametoourschool注意 瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语 及since for引导的从句和短语连用 Eg 1 WhenIgottothecinema thefilmhadbegunfortenminutes 2 WhenIgottothecinema thefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes 3 Hesaidthedoorhadbeenopenedforlong 4 Hesaidthedoorhadopenedforlong 5 Hesaidthedoorhadbeenopenforlong 翻译下列各句 1 当我到达音乐厅的时 这名流行歌手已经离开了 2 到昨天早上 他已经给我打了好几个电话了 3 当医生被派人请来时 这个病人已经等了10分钟了 4 我昨天看到Jim了 我们已经5年没有见面了 5 昨天我把我借的那本小说还给了图书管 Canyoudoit Byyesterdaymorning he call metentimes Thepatient die whenthedoctorarrived IsawLinFengyesterday We notmeet eachotherforfiveyears hadcalled haddied hadnotmet 4 IreturnedthebookthatI borrow 5 Hesaidthathe know herwell 6 Thematch be onforhalfanhour 7 Thematch be onforhalfanhourwhenIgotthere 8 They do theworkat11o clockyesterdaymorning hadborrowed hadknown hasbeen hadbeen did 9 They do theworkby11o clockyesterdaymorning 10 Thepopsingers leave whenIgottothemusichalllastnight Whatapity 11 Howcleantheroomistoday Oh yes Who clean it haddone hadleft cleaned 12 WhatwereyoudoingwhenJimphonedyou I finish myhomeworkandwasstartingtotakeashower 13 HaveyoueverbeentoGuilin Yes I go therefourmonthsago hadfinished went 将来完成时 FuturePerfectTense 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作 经常与before 将来时间或by 将来时间连用 也可与before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句连用 Concept 状态完成 表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态 b 动作完成 表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前 已经完成的动作或一获得的经验 shall will havedone1 shall havedone只用于第一人称2 will havedone用于所有人称 构成形式 1 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作 并往往对将来某一时间产生影响 用法 Eg Weshallhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm 到这个学期末 我们将学完12个单元 BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍 2 表示推测 相当于 musthavedone 结构 Eg Youwillh