XX公司猪场沼气工程项目可行性研究报告.doc

have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.Lesson81 Escape 脱逃When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Crawley went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! I know, answered Crawley, but I love to hear you say it ! Lesson84 On strike 罢工Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. Lesson86 Out of control 失控As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that theXX公司猪场沼气工程项目可行性研究报告目 录一、 项目摘要二、 项目建设的必要性和可行性三、 项目承担单位基本情况四、 项目地点选择分析五、 工艺技术方案分析六、 项目建设目标七、 项目建设内容八、 投资估算和资金筹措九、 建设期限和进度安排十、环境保护十一、项目组织与运行十二、项目的经济效益、社会效益分析和评价十三、有关材料一、项目摘要1、项目名称：2、建设单位： 3、建设地点： 4、建设期限：10个月5、建设规模和产品方案：建设500M3的混合式沼气池，150M3贮气柜，日处理污水70吨，日产沼气200M3；配套建设沼液综合利用设施。6、投资估算：项目总投资为127.6万元，其中要求政府补助40万元，企业自筹87.6万元。7、效益分析：本项目属于社会公益性环境保护设施，它创造的效益以环境效益和社会效益为主。工程建成后，每年可减少污水排放量2.6万吨左右，生产沼气7.3万M3。预计项目年增纯收益19万元，静态投资回收期6.6年。项目对于减轻当地水质污染，改良土壤和改善生态环境，保护人民的身心健康，大力发展有机农业和生态农业，提高农副产品的市场竞争力，促进农业生产的全面发展，走可持续发展的道路，具有十分重要意义。二、项目建设的必要性和可行性XX生态农业有限公司成立于2005年,地处海城镇莲花万中村，属台地、荒坡地，总面积1000亩，其中中药材种植面积600亩，茶园面积200亩。公司内有一个猪场，建有野猪、生猪标准化生产线2条，猪舍10000平方米，常年存栏量3200多头，年出栏生猪3200多头，野猪3200头，配套鱼塘60亩。(符合配套的养殖规模)猪场日排放污水量约70 M3。猪场目前对猪场粪污的处理办法是，采用人工清粪工艺，干粪用于种药材和种茶肥料，每天70 M3的猪尿及猪舍冲洗水经简陋的沉淀池后进入鱼塘，然后排放。由于污水量较大且浓度高,鱼塘面积不够大，若污水不能得到有效处理，长此下去，势必影响周围自然生态环境，致使病菌的传播，对附近人民生活、生产产生不利影响。因此，处理猪场污水，治理环境污染迫在眉睫。而猪场污水是富含有机质的可用资源, 应用沼气发酵技术，建设沼气工程治理猪场污水，生产沼气和优质有机肥可达到一方面减少猪场污染，净化环境，另一方面又可回收能源沼气，在为实现农业可持续发展提供环境保障的同时，创造更高的经济效益、能源效益和生态效益。我省属热带亚热带地区，常年气温高，建设沼气工程处理畜禽污水有着得天独厚的条件。近几年来，我省部分养殖企业以沼气工程项目为载体，实现畜禽粪污的减量化、无害化、资源化，走出了一条以沼气为纽带的农村能源绿色技术、绿色生产、绿色环境的循环发展路子，取得了很好的成效。而金瑞丰生态农业有限公司种有中药材600亩，茶园200亩，为沼气综合利用提供了很好的平台。因此，在该场建设沼气工程，对生产过程中产生的废弃物、废水进行有效处理和综合利用，开发生物质能源和无公害农产品生产并举，走生态畜牧业可持续发展的道路是完全可行的。三、项目承担单位基本概况承担项目的XX生态农业有限公司，有员工52人。已种植600亩的檀香、沉香，200亩茶园，养殖50箱蜜蜂，建有野猪、生猪标准化生产线2条，猪舍10000平方米， 60亩鱼池等。固定资产约1100多万元。公司技术力量较强，有完善的生产管理组织体系，运营情况良好，有能力落实工程项目的自筹资金，能认真执行项目建设的有关政策。四、项目地点选择分析XX生态农业有限公司位于海城镇莲花万中村，已种植600亩的檀香、沉香，200亩茶园，周边有大量农田，十分适合沼气、沼液、沼渣的综合利用。(具有消纳沼渣沼液的农田)该公司交通十分便利，同时，项目点属南亚热带季风气候区，光、热、水资源丰富，气候温暖，雨量充沛，多年年平均气温为21-22，年平均最高气温26左右，多年年平均降雨量为18002400mm，非常适合建设沼气工程。在该公司猪场建设沼气工程，既可解决污水排放问题，又为公司的中药和茶叶生产提供优质肥料，在提高企业的效益的同时，带动周围的养殖场搞好环保建设，保护当地自然生态环境，达到生态和畜牧业产业协调发展的目的。项目点符合当地畜牧业发展规划，建设沼气工程，政府大力支持，养殖场需求强烈，当地适宜推广“猪沼茶果”等能源生态模式，(符合有关规划要求)当地农村能源管理部门技术力量强，项目建设后能对工程进行有效、长期的监督管理，能较大地促进当地生态农业发展。五、工艺技术方案分析根据种猪场的生产情况，每天排放的污水量约为70吨。考虑污水处理的经济性，按清洁化生产的要求，严格控制饲料中重金属等饲料添加剂的使用量，以减少对周围生态环境的影响。因此项目工艺流程遵循生态理念，坚持以下原则：1、减量化：要治理好畜粪污染，必须从污染的源头抓起，必须有效的削减污染总量，猪粪实行干清粪工艺，节约用水，减少污水处理量。2、无害化:选用先进工艺技术，所有污水必须经过封闭式的厌氧发酵工艺，经过一段时间的厌氧发酵，可去除污水中的CODcr80左右，TS分解率50左右，病毒菌杀灭率98以上，消除蚊蝇孳生地。3、资源化：有害粪便污水经过治理，达到变废为宝的目的。粪便治理后可作中药和茶树的有机肥。污水经过厌氧发酵变成沼液，富含溶解氮、磷、钾和关闭植物生长细胞的黄腐酸，可作为茶树叶面有机肥，可节省大量农药和化肥，实现增产增收。该猪场厌氧发酵产生的沼气，用于小猪保温和发电，效益可观。整个工程是变废为宝，资源全面综合利用的示范工程。4、生态化：污水经先进的治理工艺治理后，成为无毒无害的有机肥，为周边农田提供优质肥料。农田施用沼肥后，可修复长期施用无机肥而板结的土壤，可少施或不施农药和化肥，实现增产增收。(工程建设方案符合无害化,减量化,资源化的原则)根据猪场的生产规模和排污量，采用的污水处理工艺流程如下： 工艺流程说明：1、污水的预处理干猪粪采用人工拾取，猪尿和猪舍冲洗水先经沉淀池沉淀，自流进入水解池。2、水解池水解池可降解污水中的大分子有机物为小分子有机物，提高污水的可生物降解性，增加整个处理系统的稳定性。同时水解池具有降解污水中悬浮物的功能。3、废水的厌氧消化 考虑到污水的浓度较高，采用混合式发酵工艺，该工艺具有结构简单、耐冲击能力强、运行稳定、管理维护方便等特点。 4、沼气的净化贮存与利用每天可产沼气200M3左右。沼气经气水分离器、脱硫净化后进入沼气贮气柜，沼气用于发电和职工炊事燃料。(沼气利用方式)5、沼液综合利用经厌氧发酵后的液肥进入沼液贮存池，用作经济作物肥料。(沼肥利用方式) 6、水生植物塘经济作物不需要长年施肥，本方案采用水生植物塘工艺处理经济作物消化不完的沼液。7、猪粪的处理考虑到公司和周边地区需要大量的有机肥，为了减小投资，本方案只是将鲜猪粪进行堆沤发酵，自用或出售。六、项目建设目标项目将建设地面式厌氧发酵池500立方米，日处理污水量70吨，日产沼气200M3。安装40kw沼气发电机组，年沼气发电10万kwh。同时废水在经过厌氧发酵的处理后，大部分作为生态有机肥加以利用，用不完的沼液经进一步处理后，可以达到如下标准：CODcr浓度 100mg/lBOD5浓度 50mg/lSS浓度 50mg/l氨氮 15mg/l总磷(以P计) 2.0mg/lPH值 6.57.5工程同时具备消除污染、产生能源和综合利用三大功能，畜粪和污水经过厌氧消化后，既可获得优质能源（沼气）又能处理废弃物、净化环境，还可进行生物质资源的多层次利用。七、项目建设内容项目建设内容包括：1、有机污水处理工程，猪尿及猪舍冲洗水集中到污水处理中心进行处理。此污水处理工程建设规模为日处理污水70吨天；2、鲜猪粪的处理；3、沼液综合利用工程；4、沼液后处理工程。污水处理：根据畜牧废水营养成份也比较齐全等特点，结合生态工程的要求，处理工艺采用 “污水厌氧消化生产沼气”和“厌氧发酵出水综合利用和处理”的处理方法，以达到开发能源、治理污染、净化环境、综合利用的绿色生态环境治理工程的目的。由于采用低运行成本、低投入的综合治理处理工艺，使本项目生态工程具有较好的示范和推广应用价值。工程产生的沼气，用于小猪保温和发电，将大大降低经营成本。鲜猪粪的处理：采用鲜粪（人工拾取）堆沤发酵 出售的简单方法，降低投资成本。沼液利用：沼液经过微生物分解，杀灭了有害病毒菌，变成腐熟的液状肥料，设置贮存池。沼液后处理：沼液进行水生植物塘工艺处理。主要建筑物及结构形式如下：1、水解池 水解池容积为40M3，池体为砖混结构，地下池。2、沼气池 沼气池为地上池，容积为500 M3，采用钢筋混凝土结构，池为圆柱形，内径9米，高度9米。3、沼气贮气柜 沼气贮气柜容积设计为150M3。贮气柜为湿式贮气柜。水封池为钢筋混凝土结构，地上池，钟罩为钢结构。4、净化、配电房净化、配电房建筑面积为30M2，安装脱硫器、电器控制设备，存放工具。采用砖混结构，净空高度3.5M。 5、沼气发电机房发电机房建筑面积为30M2，安装40KW的沼气发电机组，机房采用砖混结构，净空高度3.5M。 6、沼液贮存池沼液贮存池，兼有沉淀池的功能，池容为200 M3，采用钢筋混凝土结构。7、水生植物塘水生植物塘总面积为10亩，用现有鱼塘改建。沼液经水生植物塘过滤后，再经鱼塘净化后排放。八、投资估算和资金筹措（一）投资估算1、土建工程序号项目名称单位数量单价(元)合价(万元)备注1水解调节池M3404001.62沼气池M3500600303贮气柜水封池M320045094净化、配电房M2308002.45沼气发电机房M2308002.46沼液贮存池M320040087水生植物塘亩1010001改建8干粪堆沤池M3305001.59道路M22001803.61010个中药场、茶园肥料池M310X204008合计67.52、设备安装序号项 目 名 称规 格单位数量单价（元）合价(万元)备 注1工艺管道、阀门50150一批3000032150 M3钢结构气柜钟罩M315070010.5含油漆等3电器控制箱、电线新增套1200002(含电线)4沼气管道及辅设Dg50套12000025沼气脱硫器、除水净化器大型快速套280001.665P防堵塞污水泵台550002.57纯沼气发电机组40KW台1120000128电力设施套11000019红外线小猪保温灯及安装400w盏1001501.510沼液输送管道 Dg80M1000808合计44.1以上二项合计111.6万元3、其他部分序号项目名称合价(万元)备注1可研报告编制费12设计费33调试费24不可预见费10合计16项目总投资为127.6万元（二）资金筹措项目总投资为127.6万元，其中请求省补助40万元，企业自筹87.6万元九、建设期限和实施的进度安排项目建设期为10个月，分阶段进行：1、工程勘察设计：3个月；2、土建施工、气柜制造、设备选购： 5个月；3、设备、电气安装、调试、上岗人员培训：2个月；十、环境保护猪场废水在经厌氧消化处理后，沼液用作肥料，多余的排到水生植物塘、鱼塘，使粪便多层次的资源化利用，并最终达到园区的粪污“零排放”。大中型沼气工程的环境效益表现为四个方面：卫生、水、空气和大气质量的改善。（1）卫生效果：杀灭病菌、病毒和寄生虫卵，减少人畜病害。据调查，建设沼气工程后牲畜的死亡率由5-6%下降到了0.6%。 （2）改善水环境：有效降低粪便污水中的COD、BOD、NH3-N、P等有机质，解决粪便污水对环境的污染。（3）减少酸雨、保护生态：沼气是清洁能源，利用沼气替代煤炭，可以减少SO2等污染物的排放，无论使用沼气作炊事燃料、烧锅炉还是发电，均能减少酸雨污染。按照燃煤的热效率分析，1m3沼气可以替代1.122kg煤炭，可以减排SO2 0.0180.032kg，NOx0.0080.014kg，烟尘0.0130.024kg。（4）减排温室气体：利用清洁能源（沼气）替代矿物燃料煤炭，起到减排CO2的效果：每立方米沼气可以减排CO2 2.133.81kg；利用沼气技术处理规模化养殖场的粪便，可以减少因粪便的曝弃、堆沤或直接田间施用而产生的甲烷（甲烷的温室效应是CO2的21倍）排放：每处理1头猪（存栏）的粪便可以减排甲烷4.18kg，相当于87.78kgCO2。由此可见，大中型沼气工程是保护环境，提供清洁能源，充分利用资源，实现可持续发展的一个综合性的基础产业。十一、项目组织管理与运行项目建设将严格按农业部基本建设管理办法执行。由汕尾市和海丰县农村能源部门制定切实可行的实施计划，邀请有资质的单位进行设计，并对工程项目施工监督及验收负责。在项目施工方面，项目建设按照相关国家或行业标准，项目施工采用招投标制，严格按照要求，由有资质并且具备有较好的施工经验的单位施工。在项目资金管理方面，政府下拨的资金和地方配套资金必须专帐管理，专款专用，纳入项目统一管理、使用和核算。项目财务人员必须按照制度认真审查凭证，如实、及时登记帐簿，填送财务报表，妥善保管财务档案。任何组织和个人不得截留、挤占和挪用项目资金。项目资金管理要接受审计部门和上级主管部门的审计监督。十二、项目的经济效益、社会效益分析和评价项目建成后，日处理污水70M3，日产沼气200M3，年产沼气7.3万立方米，年沼气发电10万kwh。济效益预测1、沼气项目年运行费（1）管理人员工资：1200元/月人1人12=1.2万元；（2）年维修费：按工程15年寿命折旧的30%计，127.61530%=2.6万元；（3）电费：年耗电量7000kw.h，按0.65元/ kwh 计，折0.46万元；合计运行费4.26万元/年2、沼气项目年增收益（1）沼气替代液化气供猪场职工炊事用，年节约费用2万元；（2）年沼气发电10万kwh，按0.65元/ kwh 计，年收入6.5万元。 (3)小猪保温，年节约电费3万元。 (4)沼液、沼渣种药材、茶，按每亩节约农药、化肥150元计，年增效益12万元。合计年增收效益23.5万元3、工程项目固定资产的残值，工程土建部分的寿命一般在25年以上，本项目效益计算期为15年，则15年后，残值为：67.525(25-15)=27万元。经济评价成本效益表单位：万元年度投资运行费流出小计效益固定资产残值流入小计净现金流累计净现金流1127.6127.6-127.6-127.624.264.2623.523.519.24-108.3634.264.2623.523.519.24-89.1244.264.2623.523.519.24-69.8854.264.2623.523.519.24-50.6464.264.2623.523.519.24-31.474.264.2623.523.519.24-12.1684.264.2623.523.519.247.0894.264.2623.523.519.2426.32104.264.2623.523.519.2445.56114.264.2623.523.519.2464.8124.264.2623.523.519.2484.04134.264.2623.523.519.24103.28144.264.2623.523.519.24122.52154.264.2623.523.519.24141.76164.264.2623.52750.546.24188 内部收益率= 13 % , 社会折现率=8%时，净现值= 42.22万元 ,静态投资回收期6.6年（二）社会效益1、为解决养殖场普遍存在的粪尿流失、污染河道等问题找到了一条科学的出路，畜禽场周围的环境卫生也将因此得到很大程度的提高。2、有机粪便肥料经沼气发酵后综合利用，可大大改善土壤的颗粒结构，从而增加了土壤的肥力，增加农作物的产量并形成良性生态循环。本项目实施后，污水经过厌氧发酵变成有机液肥还田生产农作物，可少施或不施农药和化肥，是一种可持续发展的良好模式。3、粪便经堆沤发酵，杀灭病菌后出售，能增加收入，减少二次污染。4、切断有毒有害病菌的生长周期，畜粪污经过治理后，杀灭了大量有毒害病菌，切断其生长周期，有利于人畜身体健康。5、随着生态畜业工程的实施，不仅改善了畜牧场周围的环境，同时也给附近的种植农户带来了良好的经济效益。（三）项目