英语复习提纲.doc

英语复习提纲V3.0主编：缪存亮也一、英译汉。(10题共10分)1、digital video disc 数字（激光）视盘2、word-processing program （文）字处理程序3、memory chip 存储芯片4、coded message 密码电报 5、cell phone 移动电话 6、integrated circuit 集成电路7、laptop computer 膝上型计算机 8、hard disk drive 硬盘驱动器9、videocassette recorder 盒式磁带录像机10、programming language 编程语言11、compact disc 光盘12、external storage device 外存储设备13、tablet computer 平板电脑14、instruction cycle 指令周期15、voice recognition software 语音识别软件16、video display monitor 视频显示器17、hard drive 硬盘 18、graphics symbol 图形符号19、binary digit 二进制数字20、computer component 计算机部件 21、pipeline processing 流水线处理22、physical memory 物理内存23、control unit 控制单元24、mailing list 邮件列表25、proprietary software 专有软件26、cc line 抄送行27、bcc line 密送行28、e-mail netiquette 电子邮件网规29、e-mail convention 电子邮件常规30、click on an icon 点击图标31、confidential document 秘密文件 32、classified information 密级信息33、signature file 签名文件34、network administrator 网络管理员35、system folder 系统文件夹36、screen resolution 屏幕分辨率37、background color 背景色38、default configuration 默认配置39、radio button 单选按钮 40、check box 复选框41、font size 字号42、World Wide Web 万维网43、refresh rate 刷新率44、family media computer家用多媒体电脑 45、monitor screen 监视器屏幕46、hidden file 隐藏文件47、client application 客户应用程序48、community forum 社区论坛49、main memory 主存储器50、virtual memory 虚拟内存51、time-slice multitasking分时段的多任务处理52、desktop operating system桌面操作系统53、videogame console 电子游戏机54、spreadsheet program电子数据表程序55、context switching 上下文切换56、command interpreter命令解释器57、professional version 专业版58、file access 文件存取59、multimedia technology多媒体技术60、peer-to-peer networking对等联网61、Web site 网站62、installation routine 安装例程63、phone-enabled PDA 能打电话的个人数字处理 64、screen-based desktop 基于屏幕的桌面65、point-and-click user interface 指点式的用户界面66、command-line user interface 命令行式用户界面67、operating environment 操作环境68、operating system kernel 操作系统内核69、expanded memory access 扩充内存访问70、overlapping windows 重叠窗口71、file folder 文件夹72、storage register 存储寄存器73、function statement 函数语句74、relational language 关系语言75、object-oriented language 面向对象语言76、assembly language 汇编语言77、intermediate language 中间语言78、minitranslation program小型翻译程序79、artificial intelligence 人工智能80、artificial language 人工语言81、data declaration 数据声明82、Web page 网页83、target machine 目标机84、multiple inheritance 多重继承85、standalone Java application 独立运行的Java应用程序86、Java compiler Java编译器87、Java applet Java小程序88、garbage collection 垃圾收集89、interactive file-sharing 交互式的文件共享90、security mechanism 安全机制91、multithread programming多线程编程二、汉译英。(10题共10分)1、台式机 desktop computer2、个人计算机 personal computer3、中央处理器 central processing unit4、计算机程序 computer program5、计算机硬件 computer hardware6、计算机软件 computer software 7、数字计算机 digital computer8、计算机芯片 computer chip9、操作系统 operating system10、磁盘操作系统 disc operating system11、软盘 floppy disc12、液晶显示器 liquid crystal display13、输入设备 input device14、微处理芯片 microprocessor chip15、计算机程序员 computer programmer16、图形用户界面 graphical user interface17、程序计数器 program counter18、指令寄存器 instruction register19、存储单元 memory location20、只读存储器 read-only memory21、随机（存取）存储器random-access memory22、数字图像 digital image23、输出设备 output device24、计算机网络 computer network25、已删除电子邮件 deleted e-mail26、电子系统 electronic system27、附件行 Attachments line28、版权法 copyright law29、电子邮件程序 e-mail program30、信息高速公路 information superhighway31、电子邮件地址 e-mail address32、计算机病毒 computer virus 33、硬（磁）盘 hard disk34、主页 home page35、屏幕保护程序 screen saver36、控制面板 control panel37、电子邮件账户 e-mail account38、集成开发环境 integrated development environment39、文件扩展名 file extension40、特洛伊木马程序 Trojan horse41、超文本标记语言 Hypertext Markup Language42、“外观”选项卡 Appearance tab43、选项按钮 option button44、Windows资源管理器 Windows explorer45、操作系统更新 operating system update46、统一资源定位符 Uniform Resource Locator47、阴极射线管 cathode ray tube48、视屏卡 video card49、外围设备 peripheral device50、多任务操作系统 multitasking operating system51、多用户操作系统 multiuser operating system52、单用户操作系统 single-user operating system53、单任务操作系统 single-tasking operating system54、存储介质 storage media55、手持式电脑 handheld computer56、功能键 function key57、网络管理工具 network management tool58、引导程序 bootstrap program59、触摸屏 touch-sensitive screen60、局域网 local area network61、32位处理器 32-bit processor62、“开始”菜单 Start menu63、系统实用程序 system utility64、移动电话 mobile phone65、源代码 source code66、网络服务器 network serve67、万维网服务器 Web server68、拨号联网 dial-up networking69、多用户环境 multiuser environment70、程序图标 program icon 71、笔记本电脑 notebook computer72、可执行程序 executable program73、条件语句 conditional statement74、赋值语句 assignment statement75、逻辑语言 logic language76、过程语言 procedural language77、机器语言 machine language78、函数式语言 functional language79、结构化查询语言 Structured Query Language80、低级语言 low-level language81、运行计算机程序 run a computer program82、存储器分配 memory allocation83、面向对象程序设计 object-oriented programming84、机器码 machine code85、万维网浏览器 Web browser86、可执行代码 executable code87、运行期异常处理 runtime exception handling88、Java虚拟机 Java Virtual Machine89、即时编译 just-in-time compilation90、可移植应用软件 portable application software91、本机代码native code三、缩略词。（10题共10分）1、ENIAC 电子数字积分计算机2、CPU 中央处理器3、DOS 磁盘操作系统4、ROM 只读存储器5、GUI 图形用户界面6、DVD 数字（激光）视盘7、RAM 随机（存取）存储器8、OS 操作系统9、PC 个人计算机10、CD 光盘11、CRT 阴极射线管12、FAQ 经常提出的问题13、cc 抄送14、HTML 超文本标记语言15、URL 统一资源定位符16、LCD 液晶显示器 17、bcc 密送18、IDE 集成开发环境19、Hz 赫兹20、DPI 每英寸点数21、IBM 国际商用机器公司22、PC-DOS 个人计算机磁盘操作系统23、PDA 个人数字助理24、AT&T 美国电话电报公司25、TCP 传输控制协议26、MS-DOS 微软（公司）磁盘操作系统27、LAN 局域网28、FAT 文件分配表29、ASCII 美国信息交换标准码30、NTFS 新技术文件系统31、LISP 表处理语言32、ALGOL 算法语言33、SQL 结构化查询语言34、OOP 面向对象程序设计35、FORTRAN公式翻译程序语言36、BASIC 初学者通用符号指令码37、PROLOG 逻辑程序设计语言38、JVM Java虚拟机39、SIMULA 仿真语言 40、CONOL 面向商业化的通用语言41、UNIVAC 通用自动计算机四、判断题。（10题共10分）1、An byte is made up of eight bits, which are the smallest units of information handled by a computer. 2、According to the text ,ENIAC was the first digital computer ever built in history.3、It is believed that Grace Murray Hopper wrote the first program that turned English computer instructions into the strings of 1s and 0s that make computer work.4、British mathematicians Charles Babbage and Augusta Ada Byron once worked on plans for machines that could store information on punched cards , which had holes in them. 5、With the rapid development of computer technology , the desktop or laptop computers we use today are much more powerful than the mainframes built decades ago ,such as ENIAC and UNIVAC.6、The invention of integrated circuits or computer chips in the 1960s made it possible for computers to become smaller. 7、A computer program is a detailed set of instructions used to tell a computer how to solve a program or carry out a task 8、Invented in the 1970s, personal computers are designed to meet the computing needs of an individual.9、Graphical user interfaces(GUIs )allow users to point and click on small on screen pictures , called icons ,to issue commands.10、A bit ,short for binary digital ,has two possible representations (0or1) , and a byte has 256 possible combinations of 0s and 1s.11、The physical memory of a computer is either random-access memory(RAM)or read-only memory.12、A bus is usually a flat cable with numerous parallel wires.A16-bit bus has 16 parallel wires and allows the simultaneous transmission of 16 bits of information from one component to another.13、Computer input devices include keyboards ,mice, joysticks, scanners, and so on.14、Sometimes described as the brain of computers, the CPU is a microprocessor chip- a single piece of silicon containing millions of tiny electrical components.15、As used in the text ,e-mail (short for “electronic mail”)can refer to a single electronic message or to the entire electronic system for sending and receiving message and files over a computer network. 16、E-mail is protected by copyright law .If you receive an e-mail from a client ,you cannot immediately post it to your companys website without his or her permission.17、Legally, e-mail message sent by employees via the employers computer net work belong to the employer, so the employer is within his or her right to read them without the employees knowledge or permission. 18、When you are using e-mail ,you should remember that deleted e-mail message can be retrieved from your companys servers and used in a legal case. 19、An attached document retains its original formatting when it is received by the reader and can be downloaded right to his or her computer. 20、A signature file created with e-mail programs can automatically put a signature at the end of each e-mail message.21、E-mail message should be concise .Usually, their length should be kept under one and a half screens. 22、E-mail is essentially a form of public communication. If a message is confidential or proprietary it is not appropriate to send it by e-mail. 23、In order to prevent your new PC from virus infections ,you should adopt necessary security messages before connecting it to the Internet . 24、For a Windows PC, activation the ClearType effect can smooth font edges, making the fonts displayed much more crisply on the Internet . 25、The default background color for text areas in Windows is white.26、System files and files extensions are hidden and big icons are displayed of a detailed list .That is the default manner in which the file system is displayed in Windows Explorer. 27、The screen refresh rate of LCD is usually limited to 60 Hz.28、Installing the Microsoft Windows XP PowerToys in your Windows PC makes it easier to change default configurations, synchronize across computers, and manipulate files and photographs.29、An operating system has three major functions: coordinating and manipulating computer hardware organizing files on a variety of storage media, and managing hardware errors and the loss of data.30、ROM contains a bootstrap program that supplies instructions for loading key parts of the operating system when the computer starts.31、Text-oriented command interpreters require commends to be typed in or to be selected via function keys on a keyboard.32、If you want to run more than one process at a time ,you must use an operating system with multitasking capability.33、Operating systems can use virtual memory to run processes that require more main memory than is actually available.34、A desktop operating system, such as Windows, is designed for a personal computer. 35、For a multiuser operating system the processing takes place on a centralized computer, whereas for a net work operating system processing take place on users local computers.36、Handheld computer typically feature disk operating system.37、The most widely used desktop operating system in the world is Windows, which provides users with a graphical user interface. 38、Linux is available as freeware and distributed along with its source code under the terms of a General Public License.39、Linux shares several technical features with UNIX, such as multitasking, virtual memory ,TCP/IP drivers, and multiuser capabilities.40、Developed by Microsoft DOS adopted a Command-line user interface.41、In the realm of handheld computers, the dominant operating systems are Plam OS and Windows Mobiles OS.42、The operating system for almost all tablet computers is Windows XP Tablet Edition, whose main feature is handwriting recognition.43、A programming language is any artificial language that can be used to write a sequence of instructions that can ultimately be processed and executed by a computer. 44、The reason that natural language are not suited for programming computers is that they are ambiguous.45、A machine language is a low-level language in binary code that a computer can understand and execute directly. 46、Most programmers today prefer to use High-level languages because they have some similarities to human languages and are the