微观经济学：平狄克：利润最大化.doc

微观经济学讲义 第三章 厂商理论 第三节 利润最大化和竞争型供给第三节 利润最大化和竞争型供给3.1利润最大化 利润最大化假说 经理一定会考虑股东的利益最大化吗？考虑长期的经理和考虑短期的经理行为的差异，为什么给经理期权等长期才兑现的目标，即经理也变成持股票者，可以消除一部分经理和股东利益的差别？3.2边际收益、边际成本和利润最大化 厂商的利润为： 当 厂商获得最大利润，也即 图1 收益、成本和利润最大化3.2.1竞争性厂商的需求和边际收益 第三节 利润最大化和竞争型供给图2.a竞争性厂商的需求图2.b 行业面临的需求 （1）竞争型厂商的需求线是一条水平线，需求弹性是多大呢？ （2）边际收益呢？3.2.1竞争性厂商的需求和边际收益 在完全竞争下 实际上 3.3选择短期产量 成本图3 竞争性厂商的定价：盈利状态 成本图4 竞争性厂商的定价：亏损状态保本点c供给曲线3.4竞争性厂商的短期供给曲线 如图4中边际成本线，保本点以上的部分，即黑粗线所示部分。 3.4.1厂商对投入品价格的反应 图5 厂商对成本上升的反应3.4.1短期市场供给曲线 逻辑：假定市场存在个厂商，市场总供给为，即每个厂商将价格是为给定，然后所有的厂商的供给构成市场的供给，市场供给和总需求共同决定这个，然后给定市场均衡的，每个厂商提供具体下的供给。图6 市场总供给 3.5生产者剩余 图7.社会总生产者剩余3.6长期总供给曲线图8竞争性厂商长期定价零利润假定：完全竞争下要素的自由流动，在长期将导致厂商只实现零利润，即图8中的。（思考原因）经济租：正的会计利润转化为经济租，厂商对某种要素支付超出该要素目前所得到的要素报酬部分。怎样用它来解释长期零利润？长期生产者剩余与经济组3.7行业的长期供给曲线 成本不变的行业 成本递增的行业 成本递减的行业图9成本递增的行业税收的短期和长期效应 图10税收和产出变化3.8完全竞争的前提 价格接受者产品同质资源自由流动充分信息 3.8.1可竞争市场本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。I signed with the Bank of the qilu Bank loan contract (contract) conventions, and I use scheme, I would request the loans (in words) until I opened personal settlement account with your Bank (account), uses loan for 。 Loan operation, business unit name: account number: loan funds from these personal settlement account into the account of a payment. Loans in accordance with the following payment methods to pay. One, lender trustee payment. Delegate qilu Bank loan funds of the borrower to meet the stipulation of the contract the following borrowers, counterparties, commitment funds, regulatory compliance, legal, and willing to take the pay disputes, loss and other consequences of the delegate. Payee account number Bank name amount purpose II, borrowers own payment methods. Qilu Bank according to the borrowers withdrawal request to loan funds disbursed directly to the borrowers account, and independently by the borrower payments to borrowers who meet the stipulation of the contract transactions. I guarantee to your bank contracts and other prove of material submitted by real and effective. When in accordance with one payment, I agree with the above account with your bank loan funds that are not used for stop payment management,stop paid confirmed book records table single 13: lifted check pay notice records table single 14: personal loan ahead of repayment application accepted table Records table single 15: loan lines opened/cancellation application approval table records table single 16: qilu card award letter self loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 17: loan lines cancellation application approval table records table single 18: qilu Bank loan urged received notice records table single 19: arrived (quality) bet real right proved out library listing records table single 20: housing mortgage right cancellation proved records table single 21: personal pledge loan repayment commitment letter 11. schedule Spontaneous date of promulgation of this practice, this procedure is issued prior to the implementation of the relevant provisions are inconsistent with this regulation, is subject to this regulation. The risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment of procedures by the head office. Break through the restrictions imposed by this practice, should submit file explanations authorities file explanation deemed necessary and submitted to the Head Office of the loan Review Committee for approval. Record form 1: personal loan customer conversation transcript to me given the loan applicant bank personal loan applications, according to qilu Bank personal loan interviews regulations and interviews on the following issues with the borrower and the guarantor, please respond, and ensure content authenticity. 1, your personal loan application materials must be submitted to the qilu Bank is true, otherwise you should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. In this regard, do y